[319] Industrialization of transistors

Northern capital.

Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences.

Xiaoqiang had just returned to Beidu, and before he even had time to eat dinner, he was dragged away by Mr. Wu Youxun, vice president of the Chinese Academy of Sciences.

"Xiaoqiang, the Institute of Applied Physics has obtained the equipment and materials you purchased, and is currently trial-producing a variety of transistors. However, as early as 1948, the U.S. Patent Office had approved Bell Labs' transistor invention patent, which gave us a headache. In the integrated strategy of production, education and research designated by the central government, the main goal of the next step is to produce transistors in large quantities! In this case, what if Bell Labs in the United States asks us for patent fees? According to the plan, this is going to be exported. ”

Xiao Qiang sighed, looked hungrily at the table of food prepared by Mr. Wu in the canteen of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, held back his saliva and said: "Mr. Wu, I am really hungry, I flew with Mr. Chen all afternoon before coming back, and I was going to go home to eat and sleep." ”

Mr. Wu said with a smile: "It's not the same everywhere, don't adjust my appetite, you kid, the prime minister can tell me, if you have any questions and needs, I will look for you!" Don't shirk it, or I'll go to the Prime Minister and sue you for being a kid. ”

"Uncle Wu! Uncle Wu, just spare me, haven't I been serving the people? I've purchased enough 'One Show Four Spectrums' this time, right? There are more than 3,000 microscopes of various types of microscopes, optics and electronics! …… You'd better let me take a bite first. Hey? Is this roast duck good? The roast is browned and browned, and it will definitely be oily when you bite it. As he spoke, Xiao Qiang pursed his mouth and swallowed his saliva.

Dean Wu hurriedly said: "The experimental equipment is very good!" Very good! I have to praise you! No, the roast duck was bought just for you! Your aunt specially brought it back from Quanjude! You hurry up and say it, and I'll give it to you when I'm done! ”

Xiao Qiang was afraid that the food would be cold, so he hurriedly said: "It is true that the United States has applied for a patent, but it has not yet applied for a patent in China." Our national patent office is about to open, and now the central government has made arrangements for the first batch of domestic patents to be approved. Americans registered in the United States, but not in China, so it can't be counted for the time being. ”

Dean Wu asked, "What about the exit?" The electronic tube factory and transistor factory under the Ministry of Electronics Industry have begun trial production, and it is expected that in the second half of this year, about 700,000 pieces of various transistors can be produced. ”

Xiaoqiang said: "Register again when you exit!" It is true that the United States has applied for a patent for germanium transistors, but transistors are not only germanium transistors.

You old people must know that the reflow of the germanium transistor is too large, the working temperature is not overheated, the working stability is poor, the passing voltage is low, and the damage rate is high! Compared to silicon tubes, it's terrible!

Germanium transistors are of little use except for low-voltage applications. Compared with silicon tubes, there is no future at all. I promise that within 20 years, germanium tubes will disappear from the market.

At present, our embassy has prepared all the documents that need to be registered, and we will start to register patents after our products are made. After the silicon transistor is registered, we also need to register a manufacturing patent. The Americans registered a germanium transistor invention patent, but because it has not been industrialized, the manufacturing patent has not been registered, which we can take the lead.

Also, our patent registration should be a little more detailed, so as not to let others take advantage of loopholes. Dean Wu, you know, there are many types of transistors, and if we want to erect a comprehensive jishu barrier, we have to register all the categories! Let the Americans produce low-frequency, high-frequency, ultra-high-frequency, metal packaging, plastic packaging, glass packaging, diffusion type, planar type, alloy type, etc., any model and process, all of which models and processes must meet our patent barriers! ”

Xiao Qiang said eloquently: "To put it bluntly, the patent is a tool used by imperialism to trap underdeveloped countries, and this time, we will let this tool bite imperialism in turn!" With these patent barriers, we can at least shut up the Americans for a while, and then crush their electronics industry with our production capacity, so that he feels that it is better to buy it! It's been a long time, and it's been a long time, you know. ”

Dean Wu said happily: "Good idea! Yes, let's register a little more carefully! Each category produces a little sample and registers them all! Hehe, Xiaoqiang, your brain is still quite smart, eat it, eat it, if you don't eat it again, the roast duck will be cold. ”

Xiao Qiangxin said that this roast duck was really tired of eating, so he immediately moved his chopsticks and stuffed the sea of nonsense.

Dean Wu said kindly on the side: "Eat slowly, no one will rob you." Hehe, Xiaoqiang, can you tell me where you purchased these experimental equipment? Which country has such advanced technology? The most valuable thing is that people are still willing to export! ”

Xiaoqiang said vaguely: "This is all shipped from the 491 project base, the core components are purchased from Shijie all over the country, and the 491 project is responsible for assembling the products." ”

He lowered his voice and continued: "A group of Nazi German scientists and soldiers who had a premonition of the imminent demise of the Nazis and defected to Africa in exile before Germany's surrender took with them a dozen fully loaded 10,000-ton ships......

You know, the words didn't seem true until halfway through, Xiaoqiang immediately changed the topic halfway, raised his voice and shouted: "Oh my Uncle Wu, do you want me to eat, you don't know, I'm really hungry, I feel hungry faster on the plane than on the ground, I got off the plane, first sent Mr. Chen to the hotel, just returned to the Secretariat of the Government Council, thinking about going home as soon as I reported to the office, but I was caught by your boss." ”

"Nazi Germany! ......" Dean Wu was dumbfounded when he heard Xiaoqiang's nonsense.

Xiao Qiang hurriedly pretended to be a fool and put a finger in front of his mouth, signaling Dean Wu to silence, but in his heart he felt that he was too unkind.

Dean Wu also knew that Xiao Qiang's words were very watery, but the prime minister had already warned the Chinese Academy of Sciences and various units assigned to the top experimental equipment that no one was allowed to inquire about the origin of these equipment! Not to leak any information about this batch of equipment, not even a single camera is allowed in the laboratory! You can't just take a piece of paper out! Therefore, Dean Wu knows that this batch of top-level experimental equipment is absolutely extraordinary!

So he didn't ask anymore, because of the information about the Nazi German scientists revealed by the ghosts in Xiaoqiang's words, he already felt that his curiosity had been very much satisfied.

Dean Wu's face was full of excitement and excitement, and he felt that our country was too powerful to get the top secrets of the Germans living in exile!

Dean Wu hurriedly changed the topic and said: "At present, the preparation of transistors in our laboratory is very smooth, the sintering experiments of germanium transistors and silicon transistors have been successfully completed, and the principle of the packaging process has also been tested in the laboratory. Various shiyan reports and data are fully mastered. The jishu reserve in this area has been preliminarily completed, and now it is waiting for industrial production. At present, the central government has implemented the idea of integrating production, education and research in the electronics industry, and it has grasped scientific research with one hand and production with the other, which can greatly accelerate the development of the industry. ”

Xiaoqiang swallowed a mouthful of food and said, "You can eat it quickly, the dishes are going to be cold." This electronics industry is troublesome, this is an emerging industry, the whole shijie has just started, because there are at least 60 years from the technological bottleneck of this industry, so the upgrade speed of related technology is too fast, almost every year. If the central government does not adopt this method, it is afraid that it will be further and further distanced from others.

Nowadays, the development of other industrial categories has entered the middle and late stages, and there is not much room for scientific and technological improvement. Judging from the trend, if other industries want to upgrade in the future, they must rely on the two emerging engines of the electronics industry and the new material industry to promote the development and upgrading of other industries. If we can dominate the electronics industry and establish a monopoly advantage, China will be the number one power in the future. ”

Dean Wu seemed to have been infected by Xiaoqiang, and said with a mouth full of rice: "The central government said that as long as things are easy to sell, scientific research funds will be endless." I have given a package ticket to the Institute of Applied Physics, and then all the topics that will be demonstrative of the Jishu data, the experimental funds will be fully guaranteed, and we must ensure that the scientific and technological reserves are solid, and there can be no faults! My confidence comes from our tube factory and transistor factory. ”

Xiaoqiang ate almost, licked between his teeth and scooped up a bowl of shepherd's cabbage tofu soup for himself, and said while drinking: "The model adopted by the central government now is very haode, with production and research, and the two factories have extracted their teeth from the original assignment to the General Armament Department, and changed to the newly established Zhongke Electronics Group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences." These two factories are two big fat sheep, I think that once they are put into operation in the future, after paying taxes, they can also bring very rich funds to the Chinese Academy of Sciences. But don't spend it all on scientific research, let's improve the living conditions of scientists. Like Mr. Qian Xuesen, who used to live in a garden villa abroad, I heard that the whole family now lives in a courtyard house separated from the side of Prince Gong's mansion, which is also a bit too stingy, right? ”

Dean Wu said embarrassedly: "Now Beidu plans to build a senior scientist residential area in Zhongguancun, and Mr. Qian's level can be divided into a fully decorated three-bedroom and one-living room. ”

Xiao Qiangxin said that it was not as good as the house that Mr. Qian lived in after returning to China in 1955! So he said disdainfully: "That's too cold, no matter what Mr. Qian says, he should enjoy provincial and ministerial treatment, according to provincial and ministerial standards, it should be a 190-195 square meter house with a garden, and now this three-bedroom and one-hall plan, I am firmly opposed!" ”