"Property! If a person has not broken the law, no one may encroach on the private property of others in any way! Lu Zhe looked around at the important ministers in the side hall and asked earnestly: "Zhuqing, do you agree?" ”

It was not a formal court meeting, it was the emperor who specially called the heads of various departments and high-ranking subordinate officials in the imperial capital, and after waiting for everyone to sit down, the emperor suddenly came to say that, and everyone present looked at each other for a while.

The idea that private property is sacred and cannot be plundered has always existed in the social customs of the Chinese nation, but it has never been determined by means of legislation.

There is an established folk custom, which has not been established in the form of official legislation, although this concept exists, but it has not yet formed the mainstream of society, and even in many cases, the official can use various reasons to deprive private individuals of property, usually the most vulnerable people are the powerless and powerless people, and the powerful will also be usurped by people who are more powerful than themselves.

Before the implementation of the centralized system, the king may need to find a name for whose property he wants to plunder, but after the implementation of the centralized system, everything in the world is recognized by legislation as the emperor alone, that is, "yours is not yours, mine is mine, yours is still mine", restrictions but not limited to including land, real estate, wives, air, ...... Everything.

Didn't the First Emperor fail to establish the centralized system, and the plundering of other people's property with confidence finally did not become a matter of course in the land of China, and people's concepts had not yet had time to be infused by slave owners with "yours is not yours" and the like, and the current mainstream of society is "feudal thought".

What is "feudal"? The word feudalism comes from the "Left Turn" and "Shangshu (also known as Shujing)", "feng" is usually divided into feuds, and "jian" is to establish a state. Therefore, the feudal interpretation is "feudal land and statehood", and from a more accurate understanding, it should be lord construction.

The mainstream of social thought is feudalism at present, and it should be said that before the centralized system was established, private property was originally a matter of course. But it is still impossible to avoid the elaborate and wanton plundering of the powerless by powerful people.

For example, the grassland Hu people of the past dynasties believed that the Chinese ethnic group in the south used hoes to plow, and the Hu people used swords to plow, so it was taken for granted that the Chinese Miao people ploughed the soil and produced, and then the Hu people used swords to harvest the Chinese Miao descendants.

Robbery has become a matter of course, how to describe this kind of behavior? However, on the one hand, the Chinese regimes of all dynasties despised and hated the barbarism of the Hu people, and on the other hand, they enjoyed the wanton plundering of the powerless and powerless people brought about by power, resulting in a self-contradictory and indescribable phenomenon, that is, the arbitrary oppression of slaves by slave owners.

No one wants their property to be plundered at will. Now is not the era when the emperor is the "slave owner" deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, but when the powerful people want to rob, many times, although there are laws and regulations, there are many places where the powerful people can operate...... If it is a so-called loophole in the law, how can we ensure that our property cannot be plundered?

The emperor was talking about the sacredness of private property and the fact that it could not be plundered, and some people took it for granted, and there was no shortage of inexplicable people.

People who take it for granted, their original backgrounds are good, and the education they receive has knowledge about feudalism. In the millennia. Feudalism is only related to lords, but it is a kind of clan-style feudalization, which is to determine the possession of fiefs according to blood relations, for example, Zhou Tianzi divided the princes surnamed Ji to account for the majority. The princes who were not related by blood were also vassals of Zhou Tianzi rather than vassals of the state.

Is there a difference between a king's retainers and a servant of the state? If you ask people who lived in the Spring and Autumn period, he will answer "the difference is incomparable." From the countless examples that occurred in the Spring and Autumn period, it can be found that the king's retainers were not the same as the servants of the state.

The king's retainers served only the "head of the household". They are only responsible for the head of the house itself, so it is enough to work hard to please the head of the house.

The servants of the state can be distinguished by words. They work for the king, but in addition to being responsible for the king, they also need to be responsible for the people who live in the country.

It may seem a little incredible, but in the land of China during the feudal period, the people had the right not to accept the leadership, and in addition to being able to vote with their feet, they could also expel officials and kings. It was something that really happened, and no one at the time felt anything was wrong.

Under the centralized system, the emperor became the largest slave owner, and the officials were in a sense only responsible to the emperor, so that they were no longer accountable to anyone but the emperor, so the officials did not need to care about the attitude of anyone but the emperor.

Under the centralized system, everyone except the emperor is a slave, and slaves not only have no private property, but also have no freedom, and freedom here also includes spiritual and ideological aspects. Then, the people take to the streets ~ and the lines are called riots, and the people talk about national politics is called incitement~ agitation. Regardless of the reasons or whether they are right or wrong, anyone who dares to criticize officials or state policies is unpatriotic.

In the case of a high degree of centralization and no oversight, let alone a balancing mechanism (or counter-attack mechanism), in many cases there is no need to take actual action, and as long as the slave owner (emperor) or the slave owner's servants (officials) think that whoever deserves to die, then whether that person deserves to die or not, must be deserved.

"The sanctity of property must be established, and a corresponding set of laws is needed." Lu Zhe glanced at the side of the civil official, his eyes fell on Xiao He, and said, "Ruling power? ”

Xiao He stood up, he actually had some uncertainty in his heart, and he didn't quite understand what the emperor was making trouble today, so that people didn't know what to say when they stood up for a long time.

Zhang Liang, who was sitting in the back, seemed to have a sudden expression as if he had thought of something, and he wanted to signal to Xiao He, but unfortunately, the angle Xiao He was facing was not on his side at all, and there was no way to hint.

What did Zhang Liang think of? What he guessed was that the emperor had been attacking each other because of the recent gradual fermentation between the civilian clique and the military clique, and it seemed that some civil officials had brought up the old things again, saying that some military generals were domineering, and then what would happen if the military generals were in chaos.

Determining the security of private property may seem like a very easy task, but the impact is extremely far-reaching. To ensure the safety of private property, the first thing to do is to ensure people's inner security. Also, once you have a sense of security. People will no longer think that they are threatening all the time, so that people have more self-confidence at the same time, and the spirit of struggle will become extremely strong.

The emperor wanted to legislate to affirm the sanctity of private property, and to signal to the civil and military clique that no one in the country could break into anyone's house for any reason, as long as he did not break the law.

"Your Majesty, this is to establish a system of peace between kings and ministers!" Xiao He pondered and sighed: "It's just that I didn't ventilate in advance, how could I come up with a set of legal frameworks in such a short time?" ”

Not only Xiao He was stunned, but in fact, everyone present gradually understood what the emperor meant. They were not deeply moved by the emperor's actions, but were extremely calm. I started thinking about it.

Respect for a king's subjects was not something to be celebrated in the past, as it was a common phenomenon. This phenomenon did not completely disappear even in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, so in the chaos of the late Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a phenomenon of "the king is the minister, and the minister also chooses the king".

The end of the respect between monarchs and ministers is that after the five ~ Hu ~ chaos ~ Hua, the Hu people have repeatedly become the masters of the land of China, and what are the Hu people? They have been a bunch of robbers for generations, and for the robbers, the strongest can dominate everything, and there is no concept of mutual respect without needing to be loved. The result? It is "your property, I will distribute it." What the? You don't agree with me to distribute your property!? Then I'll use force to let you know what leather ~ life is! This set of ideas is still the mainstream values of the Chinese land even in the Tian~ Dynasty era.

"Your Majesty!" Xiao He smiled bitterly and said to Lu Zhe: "Legislation...... There are so many places involved. The minister didn't know where to start for a while. ”

Lu Zhe didn't mean to blame Xiao He, and smiled and motioned for Xiao He to sit down again. He had just found out that Zhang Liang had been on the move, and he wanted to name Zhang Liang to come out and tell his thoughts, but he thought that Zhang Liang was just a squire in the ruling government. Many of the ruling government officials were present, and it might not be a good thing to name Zhang Liang to come out, so he gave up.

"We've been emphasizing that if you give something, you get something back. It is both the so-called responsibility and obligation. Lu Zhe's voice was loud: "Everyone's struggle should be respected, including the emperor, a farmer's hard work, and accepting the farmer's taxes must fulfill his responsibility to protect him." ”

The crowd kept nodding. What Lu Zhe said is not so shocking in contemporary times, because now is not the era of the emperor and slave owner, it is now the era of the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and many ideas have not been "closed" to become a row of "***********" because of the changes of the times, and it is still a society where "I may not agree with your statement, but I will not stop you from speaking".

"Therefore, as long as he pays his due obligations, he has the right to get what he deserves." Lu Zhe glanced at the two sons who were sitting next to him and listening, they were Lu Yi and Lu Qi.

Lu Yi and Lu Qi had been whispering to each other, and they noticed that their father looked over and quickly pretended to be nothing. What were they talking to each other before?

Before, Lu Yi was complaining to Lu Qi, saying that he obviously wanted to get a set of feudal lord system, but his father hesitated in his heart, and the result was that he didn't turn to the topic for a long time.

Lu Qi understood why his father was hesitant, it was nothing more than that he was not sure whether the implementation of the feudal lord system was suitable or not. He really wanted to tell his father that no matter what system was implemented, it might be implemented well when his father was alive, but if he didn't put a layer of shackles on the next successor who couldn't do whatever he wanted, any system would be in vain.

That's right! The founding kings of the Chinese dynasties were all wise kings, and they all thought about how to govern the country well, but no one thought about how to limit their power. Since all the power in the world is in the hands of the emperor alone, if something happens, even if it is not the responsibility of the emperor, it becomes the responsibility of the emperor, who let all the power be in the hands of the emperor, right?

The emperor has all the power, and the result is that once the emperor is no longer virtuous, the successor king may be able to lie under the grace of the previous emperors, but that is under the premise that there is no natural disaster, once there is a natural disaster, it will be accompanied by a man-made disaster, and a mighty battle will be staged again.

Lu Zhe was hesitant, he had already discovered a law in a trance, the reason why the disaster encountered in the history of China was not to unite to tide over the difficulties, but because everyone had a careful mind to play Xiao Jiujiu, it was because the emperor's throne was unique, and the emperor did not have any constraints, and the result was naturally that everyone wanted to become the emperor.

How to restrain the emperor? Lu Zhe wanted to establish a set of constitutions starting from his own generation, but because he was not a law student, he really did not have enough knowledge and experience to formulate a reasonable set of laws, so he did not know where to start first.

Lu Zhe had a preliminary idea, he didn't know how to get it, and he couldn't find anyone to discuss, after all, to limit the emperor's power, who to discuss? If you discuss with the ministers, you will inevitably be mistaken by the ministers for some kind of temptation, so do the ministers dare to speak casually?

There will be many seemingly tangled problems, but it is nothing more than one point, that is, the territory of the empire is getting bigger and bigger, and it will continue to grow, and the centralized power simply cannot adapt to the territory that is expanding every day, so what to do?

Lü Zhe will not allow the pace of national expansion to stop, and he has recently grasped a key point, that is, with the expansion of the empire, it is obvious that it can stimulate the industrial development of the country, so that the country cannot stop the development because the center is difficult to control the distance.

That's right, maybe even Lu Zhe himself didn't realize it before, he still watched the official document after returning to the imperial capital, and he didn't know who happened to arrange it at the right time, he saw that the country's military expansion opened up the market, and the market-driven production was equivalent to stimulating the local industrialization process.

A few days ago, Lu Zhe paid attention to the progress of Lu Qi's production of steam engines, just because he knew that transportation was about how far he could extend his control. He thought about it in great detail, even if the train appeared, and the construction of the train tracks, etc., it would be at least forty or fifty years or more before the speed of transportation would be improved, so that there would be an urgent need for even a transitional policy to maintain the areas that were difficult to control in the center, so that the administration of the ethnic groups would be at least nominally unified! (To be continued.) )