Qingjing South Building night, romantic in Wuchang. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info Yu Liang likes to enjoy the moon on autumn nights the most, Yu Yi excitedly said to his eldest brother Yu Liang: "This time to control Jiangzhou, we finally have our own troops." This time it's even more glorious than when you were the first assistant. At that time, even Wen Qiao, he was nothing more than our ally. This time, the Yu family can really be regarded as a military gatekeeper. ”

Yu Liang also had a lofty heart and said: "Yes, Emperor Ming died, and I became the first assistant, but because we didn't have our own troops, we were bullied by Su Jun with thousands of people in the end." This time is indeed different, Jiangzhou's military power is completely in the hands of our five brothers. You, Yu Yi, and Yu Tiao control a county, you must work hard. "Both of them were in a very happy mood.

At this moment, Wang Fan passed by the side door, and Yu Liang asked Yu Yi to call him to stop. Yu Liang asked, "Where is Mr. Wang going?" ”

Wang Fan replied: "Today's autumn high moon night, all the celebrities are accompanying Wang Huzhi and Wang Xizhi brothers to enjoy the moon and chant poems on the Yellow Crane Tower. I'm on my way there, too. ”

Yu Liang became interested when he heard this, and said to Wang Fan: "You wait a minute, I have a question for you, and we will go together later." After speaking, Yu Liang hesitated and said to Wang Fan: "Tao Xia, the prince of Changsha County, killed Guangluxun Tao Bin, and I am also the assassin of Jingzhou, how should I deal with this matter?" ”

After all, Yu Yi was young, and he had fought side by side with Tao Bin, so he replied first: "Tao Xia does not think of brotherhood, kills the minister of the country, and deserves to be punished, and the younger brother is willing to take his subordinates to Jingzhou to capture him." ”

Wang Fan said: "There is no need to mobilize the army in this way, and the use of force to solve local problems as soon as the general arrives will make all parties too afraid of it." It's better to put this matter aside for a while, and after the appointment of your Jingjiang assassin history is officially finalized, summon all the Taishou of Jingjiang to come to Wuchang to discuss the matter, and then they can be captured without a single soldier. ”

Yu Yi asked in surprise: "Then what if Tao Xia doesn't come?" ”

Wang Fan replied: "We will not deal with the killing of Tao Bin for the time being, so that it will think that we have acquiesced to reality. As the most powerful figure in Jingzhou's military and political circles, it is unreasonable for him not to come to meet the general. I'm not worried about whether he will come now, but I'm more worried about how to appease Jingzhou Dow after we take him down. The top four of the Tao clan have already died, and now in addition to Tao Xia, the only people with heavy troops are Tao Zhen and Tao Cheng. It is said that Jiangxia Taishou Tao said that he was unusually close to Tao Xia. If Tao Xia is detained, the most feared thing is that Tao said that he would come to make trouble, and Tao said that Jiangxia was between Wuhan and Xiangyang (now Hankou in Wuhan Sanchong Town is a few Jiangxia), and it can be said that there is only a river away from Wuchang. ”

Yu Liang replied: "Tao Xia Fufa, his territory can also be taken over by other people in the Tao family, and Tao Xia's title of Duke of Changsha County can also be transferred to Tao Zhan's youngest son without deprivation." Originally, according to the regulations, the eldest son could be succeeded by the eldest grandson when he died, and the Duke of Changsha County should not have been conferred on Tao Xia in the first place. It's just that Tao Taiwei's last wish, I can't bear to object. ”

Wang Fan said: "Now that all parties have been appeased, as I said earlier, the only thing we have not appeased is Huan Xuan. In my opinion, the two most important lines of defense of our Western Domain are Huanggang and Xiangyang, Huanggang is the gateway to Wuhan, and once Huanggang is in danger, Wuhan will be alarmed. Xiangyang held the upper reaches of the Han River, putting great pressure on Jiangxia County and even Wuchang downstream. If we imprisoned Tao Xia and the troops of Xiangyang City could move southward, Tao said that he would not dare to act rashly. ”

Yu Yi asked puzzledly: "Is Huan Xuan's role so great?" ”

"It's Xiangyang's great role" Wang Fan replied: "There is the famous general Mao Bao on the left, and the Huan family disciples who can fight well on the right, Tao said that he would not dare to move, especially the pressure caused by Huan Xuan on him is huge." During the Three Kingdoms period, Cao Cao marched south against Liu Biao and Liu Bei, entered Xinye, then entered Fancheng, and finally crossed the Han River to occupy Xiangyang. Along the way, the 200,000 army has been marching step by step, but after occupying Xiangyang, Cao Cao dared to leave the large army behind and led 2,000 cavalry to pursue Liu Bei alone. The reason for this is, first of all, in the occupation of Xiangyang, to find out the bottom of Liu Bei; And more importantly, between Xiangyang and Jiangxia, there are no big rivers to block it, and the cavalry is galloping vertically and horizontally, and there is nothing to fear. As long as Huan Xuan led a thousand cavalry to approach Jiangxia, Jiangxia would not dare to make any military moves against us. ”

Yu Liang said: "Among the important towns in Jingjiang, only Huan Xuan has the farthest relationship with us, he used to be Wang Dao's subordinate, and he has a close relationship with the Langya Wang family. And Huan Xuan's qualifications are insufficient, I can't promote him to be the assassin of Liangzhou, right? ”

In the past two days, Wang Fan was also very sad about this matter, and he replied: "Huan Xuan controls the vast area of Xiangfan, and almost all of the Liangzhou run by Zhou Wan and Zhou Fu's father and son are under his rule. Huan Xuanming is too guarded, which is actually the history of assassination. Even if he is named a legitimate assassin history, he may not be able to have much favor. Besides, the 'East' has already transferred Huan Jing, an elder of the Huan clan, to serve in the imperial court. ”

Yu Liang was stunned: "The Langya Wang clan is so deliberately wooing Huan Xuan, beware of the intention of the Western Domain, it is self-evident, what we do is not as close as his relationship with the Langya Wang clan." ”

After speaking, Yu Liang was very sad and sighed: "If Huan Yi is alive, everything will be easy, but he is my old subordinate." ”

Speaking of this, Yu Yi interjected: "I have a plan to make Huan Xuan sincerely attach to me." ”

Yu Liang and Wang Fan both looked at Yu Yi in surprise, and Yu Yi said: "Huan Wen, the son of Huan Yi, has a relationship with the eldest princess, and we named him a concubine, which is equivalent to forming a marriage with the Huan family, which is much more beneficial to him than the east." ”

Yu Liang exclaimed: "How can his family be qualified to marry a princess." Princess Nankang is the eldest sister of the Son of Heaven, and this royal first marriage chooses a low-level scholar, what should I do later? ”

Yu Yi replied: "First of all, it seems that the eldest princess fell in love with her at first sight; Secondly, when Tao Taiwei was alive, he mentioned twice that Huan Wen's future achievements were not under Mao Bao. ”

Wang Fan also persuaded: "Princess Huan Wenshang has indeed given the Huan family great glory. Huan Xuan should be satisfied. ”

"We also became Huan Wen's uncle, haha" Yu Yi laughed happily.

Yu Liang pondered and said: "This is the first royal wedding, don't be hasty and reckless, you can transfer Huan Wen to Wuchang first, let me think twice." ”

Yu Liang called Wang Fan to stop, just to discuss how to deal with Tao Xia, and now that things are about the same, the three of them walked towards the Yellow Crane Tower together.

The Yellow Crane Tower was built by Sun Quan of the Three Kingdoms, it was the lookout tower of Wuchang City, of course, it is not as majestic as the Yellow Crane Tower today, in the history of nearly two thousand years, the Yellow Crane Tower was rebuilt several times.

In Wuchang on the autumn night, the moon is exceptionally bright, above the city tower, the famous people of the Western Domain are excitedly accompanying Wang Huzhi to enjoy the moon and chant poetry, Wang Huzhi is over thirty years old, and is the leader of the second generation of the Langya Wang family.

While everyone was excited, Yin Hao hurried over and saluted Wang Huzhi: "Xiaguan Yin Hao is late, I hope your lord will forgive your sins." ”

Yin Hao, Wang Huzhi has already asked his name in Beijing, and he has already been rated as a third-grade celebrity by Dazhong Zheng Yu Liang at a young age, which is amazing. Everyone said that Yu Liang did this in order to win over his father, the Wang family was arrogant, and Wang Huzhi wanted to test Yin Hao's talent.

Wang Huzhi replied: "I have heard of your name in Beijing, but I didn't expect you to be so young, can I ask you three questions?" ”

Yin Hao replied: "I know everything. ”

Neighbors advocate clean talk, and all celebrities have gathered to see this wonderful moment.

Wang Huzhi asked, "Can it be described as the Tao?" ”

Yin Hao replied: "All living beings obey nature, the so-called people who know the times are heroes, and those who change through the machine are heroes." ”

Wang Huzhi asked again: "What is Confucianism?" ”

Yin Hao replied: "The interests of the individual merge with the interests of the people. The so-called rise and fall of the world is the responsibility of the husband. ”

Wang Huzhi asked: "What is Xuan?" ”

Yin Hao replied: "Self-awareness." Zhuangzi said, simple and natural, free and laissez-faire. ”

All the celebrities were amazed, and Yin Hao really lived up to his reputation. Wang Huzhi couldn't help but be secretly surprised: there were such famous people in the Western Domain.

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Metaphysics advocates Lao Zhuang, and the mystery of metaphysics is not in "old" but in "Zhuang".

1. Release the old

The greatest contribution of the Tao Te Ching is to expound the influence of the objective world on human society, emphasizing that the development of human society must conform to the objective world, and emphasizing that the social outlook is subordinate to the world view.

The Tao Te Ching vividly expounds the objective world, that is, the influence of the Tao on people. Tao and morality, planning the world with a world view and a social view, have had a huge impact on various ideological trends in later generations.

Lao Tzu said: Heaven and earth are not benevolent, and all things are used as dogs; The saints are unkind, and they use the people as dogs.

The road is wasted, and there is benevolence and righteousness.

Absolute sainthood and abandonment of wisdom, the people benefit a hundred times; Absolute benevolence and abandonment of righteousness, and the people restore filial piety. This sentence has been used to criticize Confucianism for 2,000 years, but this sentence is forged by the Western Han Dynasty. In October 1993, the Warring States Bamboo Slips were discovered, the original text was: Absolute wisdom and abandonment of defense, the people's benefits are 100 times; Never hypocrisy and abandon worries, and restore filial piety to the people.

Lao Tzu is talking about all the "people", not "individuals", and the people here represent all people, that is, society. This shows that Lao Tzu himself is discussing the relationship between world view and social view.

2, Shizhuang

Metaphysics is the discussion of how individuals can better survive in the world, and he is the study of the relationship between the outlook on life and the worldview. Therefore, metaphysics admires Zhuangzi even more. Zhuangzi's Getaway is a masterpiece of the relationship between human nature and world view.

The 'people' written in the book "Lao Tzu" are all people, not individual 'people'. This shows that Lao Tzu himself is discussing the relationship between world view and social view. In the Wei and Jin dynasties, metaphysicians not only admired Laozi, but also admired Zhuangzi, because Zhuangzi started from the theory of human nature, only studied the influence of the objective world on the individual 'man', discussed the relationship between world view and outlook on life, and emphasized that human nature obeys nature, then it is free and selfless.

In history, "Zhuangzi" has no sect and no faction, and it is outside all factions. Before the Wei and Jin dynasties, there were few mentions of this book, and even if there were individual mentions, it was because the book "Zhuangzi" was outstanding in writing, and individual passages were quoted in other people's articles. Taoism has always been dominated by Huang Lao, and does not attach importance to the Zhuangzi.

Zhuangzi lectured on the theory of human nature, which was the enlightenment of free thought in China. And his books will only be recognized when there is a mass emergence of a high-end class like his. Therefore, it was not until after the Wei and Jin dynasties that Zhuangzi was valued by the mature scholar class. It was only during this period that the Zhuangzi Notes became popular.

"Zhuangzi, Miscellaneous, Let the King" is considered by many to be the most absurd. At the beginning of this article, it was said that Yao gave the world to the father and son of Zizhou. The father of the state branch said that it is okay for me to be the son of heaven, but I am suffering from a very deep and stubborn disease, and I am planning to treat it seriously, and I have no free time to cure the world

Shun asked the world to give Zizhou Zhibo, and Zizhou Zhibo said, I am suffering from a very deep and stubborn illness and am planning to treat it seriously, and I have no spare time to govern the world.

Shun gave the world to Shanjuan, Shanjuan said, I am in the universe, I wear soft fur in winter, wear fine kudzu cloth in summer, when the sun rises, I go down to work in the field, and when the sun goes down, I return home to rest and live unrestrained, between heaven and earth, and the happiness in my heart can only be received by myself, where can I use to rule the world? ”

Whether it is a branch father or a branch uncle, they will not be ordinary people, they should be high-ranking tribal chiefs themselves.

If Heaven says to a group of billionaires, if you are asked to choose whether to be emperor for one year, or live another 30 years. If these billionaires don't have water in their brains, they won't be emperors. And if you find a hundred beggars and ask them if they will die after being emperor for a year, or will they continue to live like this for another thirty years? There may be some people who stand up and choose to be emperor for a year.

Therefore, Zhuangzi's remarks sound unbelievable, but in fact, the reason is that the masses have not reached his cognitive state. Zhuangzi attaches great importance to life and enjoys life, and must have a certain material foundation as a backing.

For those who are wealthy and have a material foundation to back them, one more day of peace and stability is to stay in heaven one more day. Value life and enjoy life.

The old doctrine of freedom may even sound absurd, but it is like love, justice, and even solidarity. These doctrines, at the time of their origin, were very naïve. In ancient civilizations, tribal 'unity' was even achieved by wizards pretending to be ghosts. But as people's cognitive level increases, he will become extraordinarily brilliant, like a ball of clay turning into fine porcelain.

In the Wei and Jin dynasties, the scholars rose to become the main 'group'. Metaphysics also discusses the relationship between the outlook on life and nature, so metaphysics admires Zhuangzi more. Zhuangzi's Getaway is a masterpiece of the relationship between human nature and world view.

I have to say that liberals, called individualism in the West, advocate freedom in their outlook on life. The concept of freedom should be embraced by the Confucian outlook on life. Zhuangzi values life and enjoys life.

The metaphysicians used Laozi and Zhuangzi together, opening up the doctrine of freedom in China. Of course, it is still very imperfect, but it has had a huge impact on Confucianism and Buddhism. When people have a certain amount of material security and get rid of food and clothing, they will inevitably receive attention when they attach importance to life and enjoy life. Confucianism and Buddhism had to pay attention to the Zhuangzi.

3, Shi Xuan

By the Wei and Jin dynasties, the manor economy was successful. With the rise of the scholar class, they had a certain material security, and after getting rid of food and clothing, the view of attaching importance to the individual and enjoying life in the Zhuangzi was accepted by the scholars.

When people have a certain material security and get rid of food and clothing, they attach importance to life and enjoy life, which will inevitably attract attention, and metaphysicians not only advocate Laozi, but also advocate Zhuangzi, because Zhuangzi starts from the theory of human nature, only studies the influence of the objective world on the "individual", discusses the relationship between world view and outlook on life, and emphasizes that human nature obeys nature, then it is free and selfless.

Wang Bi, a master of metaphysics, started from the 'theory of human nature', only paid attention to the 'Tao' in the Tao Te Ching, and criticized Lao Tzu's people's view of obeying the natural world as 'respecting the essence and the end'. We should 'respect the basics and the end', and pay attention to the fundamentals in order to make the branches and leaves grow better. It is believed that obedience is for the sake of utilization, and that people should grasp and use the 'laws of nature (Tao)', so as to achieve individual freedom and do as they please.

Wang Bi accepted the theory of human nature in the Zhuangzi and no longer discussed the obedience of society to the worldview; Rather, it is a deliberate study of the obedience and exploitation of the worldview by the individual (outlook on life). Proposed: Nothing is the foundation.

We still have Confucianism and godless genes in our bones, so we can't do what the name suggests. 'Nothing as the foundation' is really groundbreaking for Chinese classical liberalism!

This is the pioneering doctrine of liberalism (called individualism in the West). The world is nothing, so what is "there"?!

Right! Only you and I "have", and only 'self' is there.

The focus of metaphysics is no longer on society, but on the individual (self), which is the origin of individualism.

Early individualism simply brought the 'man' out of the world. Although individualists advocate that "self" exists, metaphysicians have not yet clearly deduced it, and only stay at 'nothing'. At this time, the mainstream of Western philosophy was Plotinus, the representative of the Neo-Platonic school, who 'all things in one life', and in the future, 'all things will be one'. Many people explain that his one (theone) is actually zero. It was only after the Enlightenment that Western philosophy began to enter into in-depth study.

"Nothing as the foundation" opened up the study of "existentialism" in the East. "Existentialism" is a major topic of what Kant's so-called first philosophy in the West.

Let's not evaluate it with Confucian glasses, but just make a simple understanding.

Individualism classics: I think, therefore I am. (My suspicion only affirms my existence, and the rest is 'general suspicion'.)

Hegel said: "Man comes from nothingness to being in the world, and consciousness thus becomes a being 'self-being'." ”

Today, the highest elaboration of 'ontology' in the West comes from Husserl (1859-1938) and Heidegger (1889-1976). The doctrines of their masters and apprentices are slightly different, and they are all very complex, but the main body is similar.

Husserl believed that the world is a phenomenon (similar to nothing), that only the 'self' is real, and that everything is a "transcendental self".

Heidegger argues that since Plato, the 'being' has been wrongly equated with all beings, and Western philosophy has gone further and further in this error. He believes that only the 'self' is 'here'.