[75] The impact of books

In 1950, the 491 Project Book Compilation Group, in accordance with Xiaoqiang's suggestion, had already given priority to the compilation of a strange book, "The Barefoot Doctor's Handbook", and began to send it to the printing house for mass printing.

The reason why Xiaoqiang paid attention to this book is because historically, in 1965, the Minister of Health reported to the chairman that only 10% of the country's more than 1.4 million medical and health personnel were in rural areas, and the rural population accounted for 90% of the total population. This set of figures made the chairman angry, and the old man became angry: "The Ministry of Health is not the Ministry of Health of the people, it is better to change it to the Ministry of Health of the city or the Ministry of Health of the old man, or the Ministry of Health of the old man." He immediately gave instructions: "Train a large number of doctors who can afford to be raised in rural areas." ”

In 1969, the "Barefoot Doctor's Handbook" compiled by Puhai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Zhejiang Jiang College of Traditional Chinese Medicine was published, and these knowledgeable senior experts for the first time started from the grassroots reality, effectively grasped the primary medical conditions, turned the advanced and complex into concise and clear, with the most simple language, the most practical way to popularize the diagnosis and treatment of the disease, this book does not follow the traditional approach, first talk about anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pharmacology, but to the problem as the center, clear and clear, simple and easy, pragmatic and effective, It has become a successful case of universal medical education.

The Barefoot Doctor's Handbook became popular all over the country after its publication, and it did just that: as long as you could read and write, you could become a barefoot doctor, and you could quickly diagnose and treat 99% of the common diseases at that time. As a result, a large number of grassroots barefoot doctors were quickly trained for the country, which fundamentally solved the problem of difficulty in seeing a doctor in rural areas at that time.

The Barefoot Doctor's Handbook, which embodies the efforts of a large number of experts, has been so successful that it has attracted great attention from the international community, and the United Kingdom, the United States and UNESCO have translated it into more than 50 languages! The Barefoot Doctor's Handbook is still available in English in bookstores in some Western countries. This book can help a medical student who has studied medicine for several years and has not yet found the way to outpatient and rescue to become an experienced clinician immediately, and can also help ordinary people avoid the cumbersome cost of seeking medical treatment and medicine, and diagnose and treat common diseases on their own. Especially for ordinary families with low incomes and the people of the third Shijie country in Asia, Africa and Latin America, it is of even greater significance, it can be said that a book has benefited countless people and saved the lives of countless patients.

At this moment in New China, some medical authorities who had just seen this book from the bookstore were stunned and sighed: Who made this book? I've never heard of it. Explain the profound in simple terms! To be able to summarize complex medical problems into such solutions and written expressions, it is necessary to have extremely profound medical academic attainments and decades of clinical experience of general practitioners, every judgment method and solution here seems simple, but real experts know that only the top academic authorities of medical science can judge a disease with such a simple and practical method to the maximum accuracy, regardless of internal medicine and surgery. The medications and surgeries used in the book are so light and so clearly described. Isn't the so-called master able to make complex things simple? This is really in response to the old saying "the road is simple".

At first glance, the publishing unit is the "491 Engineering Medical Subject Writing Group". It made the medical experts explode, and the first thought of many experts was: Why didn't anyone ask me to join this expert group? Since then, there has been a saying in the domestic medical circles that the medical experts who can enter the Central 491 Project are all god-level masters.

The compilation teams of these various disciplines are so mysterious that everyone inquired and asked, and they didn't find anyone around them who admitted to being absorbed into the 491 project.

Many well-known medical experts in the northern capital have asked the Ministry of Health whether they can absorb themselves into the 491 project medical group, and they can do their best in the compilation of other medical books in the future, and learn from more experts from all over the world to improve together.

The Ministry of Health was helpless, so it had to prevaricate with the rhetoric that had been prepared for a long time: "These experts are close to everyone, but according to the requirements of the confidentiality regulations, they are not allowed to disclose their identities." Please don't inquire in the future, earnestly learn from these experts who have worked silently and selflessly, and work hard for the prosperity and strength of the motherland. ”

The more you don't let you ask, the more divinely it spreads. After all, the facts are in front of us, you must know that not only in medicine, but also in several key universities in the country, their teaching and research groups of various disciplines are constantly receiving new books and new materials published by various writing groups of the 491 Project. In particular, the books and materials from the professional textbooks and special research materials of various disciplines compiled by the 491 group are absolutely ahead of the advanced level of Shijie at that time in terms of in-depth research on various branches of the discipline, and many of the contents of the discussion have not even been touched by those doctors who have returned from Europe and the United States, or even unheard of. Some of the experiments and related experimental equipment described in the book turned out to be unexpectedly unheard of.

However, many of the professional science books published by Project 491 are printed with the word "secret" or "confidential", and some even have "top secret" printed on them! If it is leaked, it will be sentenced. In particular, each book is numbered and recorded in the key disciplines, and the borrowing must be approved by the heads of departments and party committees of each university, and even some are only open to state experts, and can only be read by ministerial-level administrative examination and approval and party committee approval. Some books also have a time limit for borrowing. Some books are strictly required to be read in a confidential room, it is forbidden to take them out of the confidential lending room, and all transcription notes must be approved. Once these strictly numbered books are found to be lost, they must be traced to the end by the security department, so that objectively they also try to ensure that Jishu does not leak out and does not leak secrets.

Despite this, the various books that have poured out of the market have also greatly enriched the cultural market of New China, especially the Pinyin literacy and simplified Chinese characters that the Ministry of Culture is vigorously promoting, which has caused a shock to the society. The central government's purpose is very clear, and it is necessary to popularize the final version of simplified Chinese characters and Hanyu Pinyin Mandarin in one step. The original Language Reform Committee was renamed the Committee for the Promotion of Simplified Chinese and Hanyu Pinyin.

At the moment, there is some chaos in the academic circles, and many old scholars have emotions about not being absorbed into the 491 project, so the state arranges for them to be responsible for the promotion and popularization of simplified Chinese characters and pinyin in a province or city to stabilize their emotions.

With the popularization of simplified Chinese characters and Chinese pinyin, the development of mass literacy campaigns has become more efficient. After the publication of the simplified Chinese characters, it was warmly welcomed by the masses.

At Chaoyang Road Primary School in Beidu, a teacher is writing on the blackboard to introduce simplified Chinese characters to elementary school students: "Students, the word "開学" can be written as "school" in the future. The students' eyes lit up and they applauded with joy.

One evening, the Beidu Cultural Palace was full of workers and masters who participated in the literacy cram school, and one of the workers stood up and said excitedly in the literacy class: "I can't remember the three words '儘, bian, and 辦' after learning for half a year, but now I have simplified it to 'end, side, and do', and I can remember it at once." ”

"No, I only learned six words in one night before, but tonight is only an hour, and I have memorized more than 20 words!" A wrinkled old master said happily to the instructor.

At the same time, the State Council ordered the Ministry of Education, the Broadcasting Bureau, and the Central People's Radio to jointly start holding radio lectures on Putonghua pronunciation teaching. Primary and secondary schools and normal schools across the country have begun to promote the teaching of Putonghua. There has been a nationwide craze for learning pinyin and simplified characters.

Historically, the country's pinyin promotion work has taken some detours, although pinyin in 1958 in the great literacy eradication, but in primary school education until 1983 it was initially decided to comprehensively promote the principle of pinyin teaching first, because the Ministry of Education finally passed the experiment at that time, with facts to prove that children who learn pinyin can know more than 1,000 Chinese characters a year, and children who learn pinyin can only know more than 600, almost half. Over the course of a year, children who learn pinyin can read 50,000 words outside of class, while children who do not learn pinyin only have 15,000 words.

The benefits of pinyin are obvious, the library adopts the ordering and retrieval method of pinyin, which has multiplied the work efficiency, and it is the most popular retrieval method among readers. According to the statistics of a library, under the same level of proficiency, in the past, when 1,000 cards were arranged according to Chinese character strokes, 3,500 cards could be arranged according to pinyin letters; In the past, when 200 titles were searched by strokes, 700-750 titles could be searched in alphabetical order. In short, the efficiency of arranging cards and using cards to look up books has increased by 3-3.5 times. Moreover, due to the strong regularity of the pinyin alphabet and the difficulty of troubleshooting, the error rate of film scheduling is reduced by 70-80% when the personnel of the same proficiency level operate.

In the first hospital in New China to promote the use of pinyin numbering, when a patient lost his registration card and came to check the number, as soon as he said his name, the staff quickly checked his medical record within twenty or thirty seconds. Many patients ask curiously, "Do you remember all our medical record numbers?" In fact, this is just a small display of the "supernatural powers" of Hanyu Pinyin.

Sign language teaching, developed in the 21st century based on pinyin, has also been decided by the Ministry of Culture to promote it vigorously to help deaf and mute people gain the ability to communicate.

To say that Xiaoqiang brought a lot of idle books, the first to be selected by the 491 project to print and publish is the simplified version of the four famous novels, as well as the Seven Heroes and Five Righteousness, Peng Gong case, Sherlock Holmes detective collection, and more than 300 domestic and foreign screened novels, which suddenly enriched the leisure culture reading materials in the market in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and the country will also obtain rich profits through a large number of publishing and printing.

New China, due to the arrival of Xiaoqiang, is waiting to be revived at the moment, and a hundred flowers are blooming. Everyone is busy studying, embracing this new China with a huge amount of information, and learning culture hungrily, and people can also go to the bookstores in the market to choose a variety of novels to read.