（0148）

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Wang Mingyu said cautiously: "We have preliminarily agreed that between 30 and 50 catties per mu, rice will be collected as the mainstay, cotton will be supplemented, and other crops will be converted separately. The exact amount to charge is up to the adult to decide. ”

Zhang Zhun pondered for a moment again, nodded slowly, and said in a deep voice: "Okay! It is levied at the rate of 40 catties of rice per mu, and other crops are converted separately. It is necessary to engrave a monument for the sake of calculation. It can't be changed later. Otherwise, the people will shake our credibility. ”

Wang Mingyu and others naturally understood the power, and promised that the work would be done in place.

In fact, if it weren't for Zhang Zhun's idea of abolishing the agricultural tax, which was too far ahead of his time, they would not have strongly demanded a change. The appeal of this slogan is well known to everyone present. The possible consequences of the changes are also very clear. As soon as they pull the whole body, they naturally dare not take it lightly.

In the end, the tax rate was set at 40 catties of rice per mu.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, rice had gradually replaced wheat as the main food crop in the north, and the planting area was getting larger and larger. It is more appropriate to use rice as the standard for food payment. At that time, the rice yield in Shandong, the average paddy field, was about 250 catties per mu, and the better ones may be 300 catties. Forty catties per mu, which is equivalent to about 15%. Such a tax rate is relatively acceptable to the people. Of course, the yield of wheat is still quite large.

The details of the relevant decree were then discussed in detail.

"If you want to pay grain, then all the fields must pay grain!"

"The officials and gentry are one errand and one food!"

Zhang Zhun said categorically.

The biggest change in the "Juntian Order" and the "Juntian Order" is that both civilian and military fields are levied at this rate. It is not permissible to have fields that do not pay for food. Otherwise, decades later, the loopholes of tax exemption will be infinitely expanded, which will eventually lead to the deformation of the grain payment policy and repeat the tragedy of the late Ming Dynasty. Or don't take it all! Or take it all!

In fact, the cultivated land area of the Ming Dynasty was about 800 million mu (8 million hectares), and the total area was quite large (China's cultivated land area in 2010 was 1.8 billion mu, that is, the red line of cultivated land protection repeatedly mentioned by the central government). According to the tax rate of two buckets per mu (about 37.6 catties) formulated in the early days of the founding of the Ming Dynasty, 30 billion catties (about 160 million stones) of land rent can be collected every year. According to the calculation of five coins of silver per stone, the country's land income should be almost 80 million taels of silver.

However, in fact, the financial revenue of the central government of the Ming Dynasty (that is, the Tai Warehouse of the Household Department) was only about three or four million taels per year. In addition, the emperor's private money (internal money) is two or three million taels, and it is only about seven million taels a year, which is not at all one percent of eighty million taels. Why is there such a big difference? Quite simply, because more than 90% of the land was in the hands of the gentry bureaucracy. The gentry and bureaucracy, on the other hand, did not need to pay for food.

More than 90 percent of the population owns less than 10 percent of the land, and they have to bear heavy taxes. Less than 10 percent of the gentry and bureaucracy owned more than 90 percent of the land, but they were not required to pay taxes. Chongzhen's constant apportionment of food and wages could only be apportioned to those poor peasants in the end. The burden of less than 10% of the land is already very heavy, where can it withstand repeated increases? The peasants were overwhelmed and naturally had to rise up in revolt.

The most typical example is Henan. The Ming Dynasty had many princes in Henan, and each prince owned a large amount of land. The most famous Fu Wang was given 200,000 tilts of land (about 20 million acres) at one time. Due to the lack of local land in Henan, it has to be transferred from neighboring provinces. Later, King Fu's land increased repeatedly, and finally exceeded 300,000 dumps, becoming the largest landlord in Henan. The royal family, the bureaucracy, and the gentry seized all the land, and the peasants had to be displaced and wander everywhere.

When the Shaanxi rebel army came to Henan, it was as if sparks had fallen into a powder keg, and naturally there was a boom, and a sky-high fire broke out. Henan is the center of the world, the heart of the Central Plains, and plays a vital role in maintaining the stability of the world. If the Central Plains is in chaos, the world will inevitably be in chaos. If the Shaanxi rebel army was confined to the territory of Shaanxi, in any case, it would not have had a fatal impact on the Ming Dynasty. It's as if no matter how fierce Jianyu is, he can't destroy the Ming Dynasty. For the demise of the Ming Dynasty, internal factors are the key.

The rich people who are so rich do not have to pay taxes, but the poor peasants have to bear heavy taxes, which is the true portrayal of the late Ming Dynasty. This is the most fundamental cause of civil unrest. This is also the crux of all problems in the late Ming Dynasty. Until the peasants' problems are resolved, the country cannot be stable. If such a problem arises, even if it is the reincarnation of Emperor Qin and Han Wu and Tang Sect and Song Ancestor, it is difficult to solve. It is absolutely impossible to implement the integrated payment of food for the gentry and rely on the rulers themselves. Unless it's a rebirth.

Of course, tax exemptions are not entirely absent.

In order to encourage everyone to actively reclaim wasteland, Zhang Zhun and others decided after research: the newly reclaimed land will be exempt from tax in the first year, and the tax will be paid in full according to 20 catties of rice per mu in the second year, and the tax will be paid in full from the third year.

According to the statistical report, the current Fushan Institute has a total of 80,000 mu of land, excluding the newly reclaimed fields that do not pay grain, and there are still 30,000 mu of land that can pay grain. According to the calculation of 40 catties per mu, about 1.2 million catties of rice can be collected. Coupled with the various kinds of grain sold by the people, it will greatly alleviate the pressure on food. At the same time, there is also greater room for maneuver in terms of labor and employment.

After the decision was made, Wang Mingyu, Liu Hang, Hou Shanping, Yang Liren, Liu Baoyu and others went separately to implement it. They also attach great importance to this change. Before that, they had done quite a bit of investigative research. This tax rate is acceptable to most people. Of course, it is not excluded that there are very few who have other ideas. However, even if they had ideas, they would not be able to find a better place to survive outside of Fushan.

That night, Zhang Zhun came to Yang Kaide and talked to the old man about collecting taxes. He was a little worried that this decision to pay for grain would make the people feel that they were going back on their word and had no credit. This is a terrible question. Once the leader's credit is overdrawn, his prestige will not exist.

Unexpectedly, Yang Kaide smiled and said heartily: "Yulin, you set the tax rate, and the villagers have taken a reassuring pill!" You don't have to worry, the folks won't have an opinion! ”

Zhang Zhun asked a little strangely, "Why do you say that?" ”

Yang Kaide said with a smile: "For thousands of years, how can ordinary people not pay grain when they farm? When you said that you would not pay grain, the villagers didn't believe it, so in private, everyone was estimating how much tax you would collect if there was a bumper grain harvest in October? Some people speculate behind their backs that they may have to hand over half of the harvest at that time! Now it's only forty catties per mu, which is much lighter than they estimated! ”

Zhang Zhun heard the old man say this, but gradually understood.

He came from later generations and knew that the abolition of agricultural taxes was feasible and practical. However, the people of this era do not believe that such a good thing will happen at all. Serving as a soldier eats grain, and farming and receiving grain is the most basic concept. Zhang Zhun suddenly proposed that farming should not be paid, which really subverted everyone's thinking. This pie is so big that the people don't believe it. Now, Brigadier Zhang has set the tax rate at 40 catties per mu, and engraved a monument to remember, so that the villagers can rest easy.

Zhang Zhun had to sigh that the people of this era are indeed too simple.

However, in retrospect, Juntian's slogan of exemption is indeed a bit ahead of its time. Many of the practices of later generations may not be feasible in this era. Depending on the degree of social development, the corresponding laws and decrees are naturally different, and copying the experience of later generations may not necessarily have good results. As the old man said, practice is the only criterion for testing the truth.

With Yang Kaide's reassurance, Zhang Zhun began to change the decree. Although this tax rate should be acceptable to the public, the resistance will not be too serious. However, in order to avoid unnecessary turmoil, some details in the process of making work should still be paid attention to. In particular, it is important to avoid giving the impression that the order is changing.

It has always been taboo to change the order every day.

The next day, rumors began to spread. Because there are a lot of large-scale projects to be carried out, such as repairing the city walls, paving roads, building reservoirs, digging culverts, etc., a lot of labor is required. Someone suggested to Zhang Zhun that every military household in Fushan should be required to bear three days of conscription every month. If three days of conscription is not enough, it may be increased to four days. If four days is not enough, it may be increased to five. In short, in any case, these works must be completed in quality and quantity.

"Three days of conscription?"

"Four days of conscription?"

"Five days of conscription?"

"Isn't it a little too much?"

When this rumor spread, the military households of Fushan couldn't help but whisper quietly. Everyone's mood was a little uneasy, and they felt as if a shadow was hanging over their heads. It was supposed to be quite promising, but it seemed to be dark all of a sudden.

Everyone knows that the so-called forced labor is free labor. Not only do they have to work for free, without any wages, but if they don't do a good job, they may be whipped and abused. In the past, when they were engaged in forced labor, people were often beaten to death, and they could not rest when they were sick, and they were tired and had no compensation. In addition, you have to bring your own production tools and food, which are not provided by the official.

In every respect, conscription is extremely painful. For conscription, every military household in Fushan was quite disgusted. They didn't expect that in a few days, they would start to take on the conscription. Historically, there have been many unrest that broke out because of the heavy forced labor. Of course, if you don't want to serve in the conscription, no problem, pay the money! Paying money can be replaced! But how many people have the money to pay?

[Today's first update is delivered, during the strong push period, 9000 words every day for three more ~~~ Please also support more ~~~~ The recommended votes are a little few, brothers with recommended votes, can you vote for me all the votes in your hand? ] Thank you~~~~]

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