Chapter 650: Thailand surrenders
Just when the squadron launched a counterattack, the allied side was not idle, especially the US side, on December 18, the navies of the United States and Japan fought an unprecedented strategic decisive battle in Leyte Gulf, Philippines. 1 -- The U.S.-led Allied side sent veteran General William Murphy in this battle. Halsey & Thomas. With Kincaid as commander, he dispatched 17 aircraft carriers, 18 frigate aircraft carriers, 12 battleships, 24 cruisers, 141 destroyers, other ships, torpedo boats, submarines, and about 1,500 aircraft to land on the Philippine island of Leyte.
The Japanese Navy's Combined Fleet was also very clear about the offensive steps of the Allied forces, so Vice Takeshi Toyoda, the supreme commander of the Combined Fleet, formulated four plans, of which the Jet-1 operation plan was a major naval operation plan against the Philippines, and the remaining three combat plans were divided into operations against Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Kuril Islands. What all four operational plans have in common is that they are all desperate, complex, and bold operational plans that plunge all of Japan's forces into a decisive battle.
The Japanese commanders in charge of the Battle of Leyte Gulf were Vice Admiral Toyoda, commander of the Combined Fleet, Vice Admiral Keno Kurita, and Vice Admiral Jizaburo Ozawa. The Japanese dispatched almost all the main warships of the Japanese Combined Fleet this time, including 4 aircraft carriers, 9 battleships, 19 cruisers, 34 destroyers, and about 700 aircraft.
During the six-day battle, the Japanese and Allied forces committed more than 2 million tons of total tonnage, with about 35 aircraft carriers, 21 battleships, 170 destroyers, and nearly 2,000 military aircraft involved. As expected, the Combined Fleet of the Imperial Japanese Navy, which was far inferior in numbers, was defeated. Thirteen large warships above the cruiser level were sunk, and Japan's sea-based and land-based air forces in the Philippines were wiped out, which dealt a serious blow to Japan's overall strength, and the Japanese navy ceased to be a strategic force in the Pacific War. This battle also laid the foundation for the later successful capture of the Philippine Islands and Okinawa by the US military.
Due to the hopelessness of the war, Japan launched the first organized kamikaze suicide attack in this campaign. However, due to Han Yunhua's reminder, the US military has strengthened its anti-aircraft fire on all warships, so the effect of the Japanese suicide attack is not good. However, it was not without results, due to the limited time, the anti-aircraft fire on the ships was uneven, and some small warships did not have corresponding anti-aircraft firepower, so soon after the start of the war, several battleships were hit by Japanese suicide planes and were seriously injured. In this battle, the Japanese army dispatched a total of 50 suicide planes, causing heavy damage to one escort aircraft carrier to the US military, 9 small ships being rammed and sunk, and more than 1,200 casualties.
Although this number is impressive, it is far from historical. Although the Americans were reminded by Han Yunhua, whether they were arrogant or disdainful, after this battle, the Americans were completely stunned by the madness of the Japanese, and they did not expect the Japanese to come up with such inhumane tactics at all.
When the news came back to the United States, all Americans, including President Roosevelt, were in an uproar, and from the perspective of the concept of the supremacy of life and human rights embodied in their cultural values, they could not understand this fanaticism of the Japanese, imagine that a plane full of aerial bombs suddenly appeared in the sky over a warship, and dropped not only aerial bombs, but also the entire plane and the pilots on the plane, this is a real journey of death, and then take away the lives of others and at the same time accompanied by the death of their own lives, Americans can not understand, But the Chinese can understand it, because in some way or at some tactical level, China is as fanatical as Japan.
Many people still remember a very classic scene, when the well-equipped Japanese army rushed to the Chinese position under the cover of tank armored vehicles, there was only one way to resist the Japanese attack in the lack of war fire artillery squadron, that is, to use people with cluster grenades to rush to the Japanese tank and blow him up, which was so tragic and helpless. Although the newspapers of the Japanese army praised these kamikaze agents as gods, in fact, Han Yunhua knew that those kamikaze agents were human beings, not cold-blooded animals, and not monsters who were not afraid of death. They did this entirely to protect their loved ones from the war, when it was clear that the situation was deteriorating dramatically and Japan was under threat of invasion. If they can prevent the Allies from landing, then they have achieved their goal. …,
In the Battle of Leyte Gulf, although the results of the kamikaze were not particularly great, their performance made the Americans extremely frightened. Therefore, President Roosevelt urgently sought countermeasures from Han Yunhua through the radio, because if this trend continues, more Japanese kamikaze fighters will fly inferior planes to rush to US warships.
Although the US side also put forward a lot of good suggestions, Roosevelt still wanted to ask Han Yunhua, the first Chinese general to know about kamikaze. Han Yunhua was not stingy, telling Roosevelt everything he knew about the kamikaze attackers, and also proposed to write articles on the voluntariness of the kamikaze agents, perhaps receiving unexpected results. It is true that the kamikaze contains some monsters who do not know what life and death are, but in their ideological value system, they do not think that this is a bad idea, because they regard it as a kind of fanatical love for the country, which every Japanese youth should emulate. However, it was more often the Japanese army that recruited young soldiers and civilians in the military and civilian areas, and after conducting simple flight training, let them take off with explosives in a plane with only one-way fuel, and after arriving over a US Navy warship, they crashed into the warship in the form of a suicide attack. There were many Japanese soldiers who struggled with militarism and their own lives, but in the end to no avail.
The Japanese publicized these kamikaze members in a high-profile manner, saying that they had volunteered to attack the young soldiers and apprentices, but in fact, the special attack team was the policy of the Japanese military leaders before the Battle of Gulf in the autumn of 1944, and they forced themselves to volunteer to die, and at a young age they had to accept the fate of dying for the motherland, their families, and even the glory of God and the honor of their families, so they had to accept it silently even if they were unwilling in their hearts. According to historical records, in 1274, Kublai Khan, the ancestor of the Yuan Dynasty, sent a huge fleet to conquer Japan twice, both times when the Yuan army was about to arrive in Japan, the fleet encountered a sudden typhoon, and the invincible Yuan Dynasty army was completely engulfed by the typhoon, and the two eastward expeditions to Japan The Yuan Dynasty lost tens of thousands of elite soldiers, the vast majority of whom were not killed in battle, but died in this storm. As a result, the Yuan Dynasty no longer dared to rashly launch an attack on Japan.
The Japanese who worship the gods believe that the typhoon is the salvation of Japan, so they bow down and call it "kamikaze". This is the origin of the name "kamikaze commando". From this, we can see that the Japanese invaders forcibly instilled the mission of saving the motherland and their families into these sixteen or seventeen-year-old teenagers, so that they had to accept this death game, even though they knew that the hope of survival was very slim, but they had to accept it. This seemingly voluntary principle is in itself a compulsion, and an irrefutable compulsion.
As for the high-profile propaganda of the Japanese, they are simply rubbish and do not stand up to scrutiny at all. The fact that kamikaze members participate in missions is not entirely based on free will can be corroborated by the fact that when the kamikaze special attack mission is carried out, the following groups and measures will be taken: the landing gear of the aircraft will completely fall off on its own after the plane takes off, that is to say, the plane has no other way but to crash into the prey, once the plane is in the air, it cannot land, and the special attack team members are tied to the special attack aircraft or fighters, of course, no umbrella is provided, and the hope of survival is cut off. Moreover, there are also some special Japanese suicide planes, such as the Sakura plane, which serves as a special attack plane, which has no or only limited power, and is mounted by bombers and thrown out close to enemy ships, with no hope of returning. If the special attack aircraft is a normal fighter, only one-way fuel will be provided. Special attack fleets are generally "escorted" to the mission area by several fighters, and the official reason is to evaluate the results of the battle and, if possible, to take pictures of the martyrdom scene to record the honor of the martyrs. But in fact, it also plays the role of supervising the battle, performs the duty of surveillance, and implements "punishment" for team members who show signs of retreat. …,
This is what the Japanese call voluntary, so Han Yunhua believes that in addition to renovating its own warships and strengthening its anti-aircraft firepower, the US military should also attack the heads of the Japanese.
Moreover, Han Yunhua suggested that Roosevelt should not be limited to the battle for one island and one corner of the Pacific region, because the Japanese army has already prepared an island-by-island defense plan along Taiwan, the Ryukyu Islands, and the Chiba Islands, and if it advances in parallel, it is likely to fall into a long battle, and such casualties are undoubtedly much greater, so the US military in the Pacific should implement frog jumping tactics like the squadron, and directly attack Iwo Jima after the Philippine Campaign, and then take the Ryukyu Islands. Finally, prepare to land in Japan.
Regarding Han Yunhua's proposal, Roosevelt held talks with US Army Generals MacArthur and Nimitz, and finally unanimously decided to formulate a battle plan in accordance with Han Yunhua's suggestions.
At the end of 1943, the war situation in the whole world took a shocking reversal, following the landing of the United States in the Philippines, the United States, Britain and the United States allied forces in the Burma battlefield to achieve a decisive victory, the Allies completely gathered and annihilated the remnants of the Japanese 15th Army outside Yangon, and achieved a brilliant victory in the Burma counterattack, so far, the Japanese army in the Indo-Burma battlefield was completely wiped out, the threat of India and southwest China was lifted, the Allied forces began to march into Thailand, and gave the King and Prime Minister of Thailand an ultimatum, The Thai Government is required to immediately cease all cooperation with Japan and immediately declare war on Japan, otherwise the Thai obstacle will be completely removed.
The attitude towards the Thai allies was also very tough, and although Thailand is still an independent country, Thailand has become a de facto Japanese colony, although Thailand still maintains an intact regime. However, these were not reasons for Thailand to declare war on the allies, so the allies had already drawn up a battle plan to capture Thailand.
There were only three independent countries in East Asia that did not become a European colony in World War II, namely China, Japan, and Thailand. Thailand's approach, on the other hand, is to make the most of the stakes between the great powers and to survive in the cracks. That's why some people say "China is too big, Japan is too strong, and Thailand is too clever". The friendly relationship between Thailand and Japan is inherently due to geographical distance, which is neither too close to conflict, nor too far away and alienated. The victory of Japan in the Russo-Japanese War inspired Thailand, which was oppressed by the white people, and he had a good impression of Japan under the idea of being an Asian. The two sides agreed on their stance against white Europeans and Americans, and as a result, they took a different view of Japan's actions than those of Europe and the United States, and were more tolerant than those of Europe and the United States. The best example of this is the League of Nations resolution condemning Japan for the Manchurian Incident, and the only country that abstained was Thailand, which surprised the rest of the world.
The fanatical rise of nationalism after the Constitutional Revolution in 1932 led to the direct rule of the Army in 1938, and its soldiers appeared on the political stage one after another, and Phibun, who was a general of the Army Artillery at that time, was supported by the Army faction after 1933 and stood out as Prime Minister in 1938. At that time, there was a trend of resistance in the Thai army and society to the British and French, called the Lost Territory Recovery Movement, the purpose of which was to recover the land ceded to the colonial powers in the 19th century, and the Phibun, the army and the pro-Japanese faction mainly relied on the support of this force to maintain the legitimacy of the regime. At that time, the Army admired Japan's military structure and its victories in China and was hostile to Western countries.
After the outbreak of the Pacific War, the Japanese army had to go through Thailand on the basis of the necessity of fighting the British army, and although the Thai side did not get the consent of the Thai side, the 25th Army under the command of Lieutenant General Yamashita Fumi still landed late that night and the next morning in the south in the late night and the next morning in accordance with the established plan, and crossed the border from Cambodia to the capital Bangkok in the east. After the battle began, the Thai ** team launched sporadic resistance in various places, when Phibun immediately announced the cessation of resistance and agreed to the passage of the Japanese army. However, when the cabinet discussed its policy toward Japan, there were differences of opinion, and in the end, the prime minister decided to choose a compromise plan, not to sign a military alliance treaty with Japan, not to declare war on Britain and the United States, but only to allow the Japanese army to use the route. …,
The signing of the "Thai-Japanese Agreement" legalized the entry of Japanese troops into Thailand, and the Japanese army's actions went far beyond what the treaty granted. Not only did the Japanese occupy Songkhla, the new airfield on the outskirts of Pattani, but also the Manlang airfield in Bangkok, the railways and ports were also taken over by the Japanese army, and a large number of troops were stationed in various places. All military installations in Thailand were used by the Japanese army to invade Malaysia and Burma. Yamashita Bongbun's 25th Army broke through the Malaysian border, and the Japanese army, equipped with Thai bicycles, attacked Malaysia and Singapore from north to south. Another Japanese army invaded the interior of Burma, cutting off China's foreign supply route, the Yunnan-Burma Highway, and disrupting the delivery of supplies from the West.
In order to keep Thailand under tight control, the Japanese government forced Thailand to sign the "Japan-Thailand Alliance Treaty" on December 21, 1941, under strong military pressure, and the treaty also attached a secret clause stipulating that Japan would help Thailand recover the territory lost to Britain, and Thailand would provide all obligations such as the right to transit the Japanese army and important supplies in accordance with this treaty in Japan's war with Western countries. The Treaty of Alliance replaced the December 9 agreement, and the Japanese were given more privileges in Thailand. On January 25, 1942, Thailand declared war on Britain and the United States, officially joining the Axis powers and entering World War II.
What the Japanese army did in Thailand during the war was tantamount to treating Thailand as a vassal country, and its status was only a little better than that of Manchukuo and Wang's regime, and in the economic economy, Thailand's financial delegation visited Japan and signed the "Japan-Thailand Economic Agreement", which stipulated the so-called "close economic cooperation" between Japan and Thailand, and the Japanese military and chaebol forces also controlled Thailand's economy and culture, and in October 1942, Japan and Thailand signed a cultural treaty in Tokyo, including the establishment of Japanese as the second Chinese language of Thailand, In other words, Japan wants to infiltrate Thailand culturally to the point of Manchuizing Thailand. Diplomatically, on June 29, 1942, Thailand sent a minister to Manchukuo; On July 7 of the same year, Wang Jingwei's regime was recognized. All of this has made the allies, especially China, very angry, so this time Han Yunhua and the entire ** side are definitely in favor of entering Thailand.
The Allied forces of 350,000 troops attacked Thailand in three directions, and the British Navy also sent troops to the Gulf of Thailand to prepare for the final blow to the Thai Navy, and the political situation in Thailand was precarious. Thailand's army was unbearable, and during the war, the Nationalist Government only deployed a 93rd Division on the Sino-Thai border, which was able to suppress the whole of Thailand.
Therefore, in the face of the strong attack of the Allied forces, the top level was suddenly confused, and finally under the pressure of the outside world, the Thai parliament forced Phinbun to resign, and the power fell into the hands of the regent Pulidei, the local leader of the "Free Thailand Movement", who appointed the civilian Aphiwong as the prime minister, and the new prime minister of Thailand immediately sent someone to secretly send a telegram to the allies, willing to accept all the demands of the allies, indicating Thailand's attitude, hoping to break away from Japanese control.
On December 27, 1943, when the Allies occupied Bangkok, the capital of Thailand, and all Japanese forces withdrew from Thailand, Thailand announced its unconditional surrender and declared war on Japan.