"Historical Records" - "Qin Benji" Unification

First, the ancestors are famous:

During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the ancestors of the Qin State were the granddaughters of the Emperor Zhuan Xuan during the Five Emperors period, and it was rumored that she swallowed the eggs of the divine bird Xuanniao and gave birth to a child called Daye, which was the ancestor of the Qin State. The pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info the son of the great cause of Dafei because of his assistance to Dayu in controlling the water, was rewarded by Emperor Shun and given a black banner, so the Qin State advocated black. Emperor Shun blessed the prosperity of Dafei's descendants and gave him a jade girl surnamed Yao as his wife. Later, Da Fei was also called Bai Fei because he helped Shun domesticate birds and beasts, and was given the surname Ying by Emperor Shun, which is the origin of the name of Ying in Qin.

Da Fei had two sons: one was named Da Lian, that is, the Bird Clan; The other is called Wakaki, that is, Fei's. Fei's great-great-grandson is called Fei Chang; Da Lian's great-great-grandsons are called Meng Opera and Zhongyan. During the Shang Tang War, Fei Chang was the charioteer of Shang Tang, and helped Shang Tang defeat Xia Ji in the Battle of Naruto. Note: The imperial chauffeur was an important position in ancient times, and Confucius regarded "royal" as one of the six arts, which shows that he attached great importance to it.

Emperor Taiwu of Shang once asked if he could let Zhongyan drive, and the result of Bu was auspicious, so he summoned Zhongyan to drive and gave his daughter as his wife. Since Taiwu, the descendants of Zhongyan have assisted Yin Guo in all generations, so many of the winning surnames are famous in the world, and finally became princes. In other words, the winning clan of the Qin State was a noble title that he had at that time.

By the time of the Shang Dynasty, the Ying family's Lian Lian and the Evil Father and Son all served the King with bravery. King Wu of Zhou attacked and killed even the evil people. At that time, he was quarrying stones in the north, and there was no way to return to his life, so he built an altar in Huotai Mountain to pay tribute to King Yin, and as a result, he got a sarcophagus, the inscription of which said: "God spared the virgin father from the rebellion of Yin's death, and gave you a sarcophagus to glorify the clan." "This historical fact is somewhat fantastical.

Lian also has a son named Ji Sheng. Ji Shengsheng Meng Zeng. Meng Zeng is favored by King Zhou Cheng, he is the wolf of the house. The wolf of the house gave birth to his father. Heng Father begets Father. The father was favored by King Zhou Miao for being good at driving, that is, King Zhou Mu. In history, there is a legend that King Mu of Zhou saw the Queen Mother of the West.

King Miao of Zhou got the horses driven by Chiji, Thief, Hualiu, and Lu'er, and went west to patrol the hunt, and forgot to return. King Xu Yan made a rebellion, and his father drove for King Miao, galloped for a long time, thousands of miles a day, and rushed back to Zhou to quell the rebellion. King Miao gave Zhao Cheng to the father, and the father family was called the Zhao family from then on, that is, the ancestor of the Warring States Zhao State.

Second, the sealing of the ripping soil:

The great-great-grandson of Zhongyan during the Yin Shang period was called Zhongyan, who lived in Xirong and guarded the western border of the country. Xirong is located in today's Shaanxi and Gansu regions, and is the ancestor of the Qiang people, who were later famous for their bravery, and Ma Chao, a famous general during the Three Kingdoms period, was a native here.

During the Shang period, the evil Laige was the son of Shulian and died early. He has a son named Female Defense. Female defense gave birth to Pang Gao, Pang Gao gave birth to too many, too many gave birth to Da Luo, and Da Luo gave birth to non-sons. They all took the surname Zhao because of the favor of their father and the name of Zhao Cheng. At that time, it was the period of King Xiao of Zhou, and Feizi liked horses and various livestock, and was good at breeding them. The Inuqiu people told King Xiao of Zhou about this, and King Xiao summoned Feizi and ordered him to take charge of raising horses, and the horses multiplied a lot. King Xiao wanted to make Feizi the son-in-law of Da Luo. But the daughter of Shenhou is the wife of Da Luo, and the son she gave birth to is called Cheng, and he has been made a son-in-law. So Shenhou said to King Xiao: "Once upon a time, the daughter of our ancestor Lishan, the wife of Rong Xu Xuan, gave birth to Zhongwei, who was attached to Zhou because of kinship, and kept Xitui, so that Xitui was harmonious. Now we marry a daughter to Da Luo as a wife and give birth to a son-in-law. Shen and Da Luo intermarried again, and Xirong was all submitted, and you were able to become king. Please think again. King Xiao said: "In the past, Bo Fei was in charge of livestock for Shun, and the livestock multiplied a lot, so he obtained a fief and was given the surname Ying. Now his descendants have come to raise horses for me, and I will divide the land and make him a vassal. "Seal Feizi in Qin, let him re-inherit the worship of the Ying clan, known as Qin Ying. But at the same time, he did not abolish the daughter of Shenhou and established him as the son of Da Luo, in order to appease Xirong.

With the efforts of domesticating livestock since the ancestors, after this change, the Ying family became a nobleman with a fiefdom and began its entrepreneurial and nation-building steps. The main opponent of the Ying clan was the border minority of the Zhou royal family, Xirong.

During the reign of King Li of Zhou, because King Li had no way, some princes rebelled. Xijon also rebelled against the royal family and exterminated the Daluo clan who lived in Inuqiu. King Xuan of Zhou summoned the five brothers of Zhuanggong of the Ying clan, gave them 7,000 soldiers, and asked them to conquer Xirong, and finally defeated Xirong. King Xuan of Zhou re-granted the land to Qin Zhong's descendants, including the fiefdom of his ancestor Da Luo, Daqiu, and named him the Doctor of Xitui.

During the reign of King You of Zhou, King You of Zhou was killed because of the rebellion of Bao Xi, and Qin Xianggong of the Ying clan led troops to rescue the Zhou royal family, and led troops to escort King Zhou Ping to move east to Luoyi. King Ping made Xianggong a prince, gave him the land west of Qishan, and said: "The Rong people have no way, and forcibly occupy the land of Qi and Feng, if Qin can drive away the Rong people, he can own these lands." "Make an oath with Qin and give him the title of knight. From then on, Xianggong formally established the state, sent envoys to exchange with the princes, and used three red horses, oxen, and rams to worship God in Xiqi. In the twelfth year, Xianggong went to Qishan and died, and his son was Qin Wengong. Duke Wen led his troops to attack Xirong, and Xirong was defeated and fled. Duke Wen collected the Zhou people who stayed in the local area under his own rule, expanded his territory to Qishan, the birthplace of the Zhou Dynasty, and dedicated the land east of Qishan to the Eastern Zhou Emperor. By this time, the Qin State could be said to have achieved the weather.

3. Dominating Xijon:

During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, the five tyrants Qi Huan Gong, Song Xiang Gong, Jin Wen Gong, Qin Mu Gong, and Chu Zhuang Wang overlapped each other.

During the reign of Mu Gong of the Qin State, the overall situation was that the development to the east was blocked by the Jin State, so the west direction defeated the old rival Xirong and annexed it, thus dominating Xirong and laying the initial foundation for the later unification of China.

If the monarch is assessed, then Qin Mugong is undoubtedly a first-class monarch.

One of the criteria for distinguishing between the top and the bottom of a monarch is the mind, and a good monarch is one who is very clear about the importance of the big and the small. Qin Mugong has done an irreproachable job in this regard.

First of all, Qin Mugong did not despise his subordinates. The story of the famous "Five Doctors" Baili Xi is that after the Jin State captured Baili Jie, he was used to marry the Duchess of Qin Mu to the Qin State. Bailijie thought that the Qin State was barbaric, so he fled to Wan, and was captured by the inhabitants of the border areas of the Chu State. Mu Gong heard that Baili was very virtuous and wanted to redeem him with a lot of money, but he was afraid that the Chu people would not give him, so he sent someone to Chu and said: "My country's slave Baili is now in your country, please redeem him with five black sheepskins." Chu Cai agreed to return it. At this time, Baili was already in his seventies. Mu Gong released him and discussed state affairs with him. Bai Lijie excused himself and said: "I am a minister of the dead country, what else can I ask!" Mu Gong said: "It is not your sin that Yu Jun died because he did not listen to your advice. After asking him for advice again and again, and after three days of talking, Mu Gong was overjoyed and wanted to hand over the state affairs to him, known as the five doctors. Corporal Lixian is so far, more legendary than King Wen begging Jiang Shang, and it is a beautiful talk in ancient and modern times.

Secondly, Qin Mugong does not get along with the Chinese people. There is a "Mu Gong's dead horse" is like this: at the beginning, Qin Mugong's horse was lost, and the peasants under Qishan grabbed the horse and ate it with hunger, a total of more than 300 people, and the officials pursued them and had to deal with them according to law. Mu Gong said: "A gentleman will not harm people because of livestock. I've heard that eating horse meat can hurt people if you don't drink alcohol. So he gave them all wine and forgave them. Later, these 300 people heard that Qin was going to face the Jin army, and they all rushed to go with the army, and they happened to meet Mu Gong in a predicament on the battlefield, and they all fought desperately with weapons in hand, in order to repay the kindness of being pardoned for stealing horse meat, so that Qin Mugong was defeated and captured the Jin monarch and returned. It is so righteous to get along with the people, and it is natural for the people to die in retribution.

Third, Qin Mugong was not greedy for his strong neighbor Jin State. The Qin and Jin dynasties were adjacent to each other and often fought and fought, but the two countries were married to each other. At that time, there was a great drought in Jin, and he came to borrow grain. Pi Bao advised Mu Gong not to lend it, and to take advantage of his famine to cut it down. Mu Gong asked Gongsun Zhi, and Gongsun Zhi said: "Apologies alternately appear, (no one will inevitably encounter a famine,) must not be borrowed." He asked Bailijie, and Bailijie said, "Yiwu has sinned against our king, but what is the sin of his people?" In the end, the opinions of Baili and Gongsun Zhi were adopted, and finally lent grain to the Jin State. Transported by boat and car, from Yong to Jiang endlessly, this is the famous "boating battle". Two years later, there was a famine in Qin. The Jin state treacherously took the opportunity to attack the Qin state, triggering the Battle of Han and eventually capturing the Jin monarch Yiwu. Yiwu offered the land west of the Jin State and let the crown prince go to the Qin State as a hostage, and Qin married the daughter of the sect to Ziyu as his wife. At that time, Qin's territory had reached the Yellow River in the east, and Qin's territorial expansion was the result of Mu Gongren's virtue.

Fourth, Qin Mugong does not pretend to be his own mistakes. Mu Gong did not listen to the advice of Baili Jia and Uncle Jian and insisted on attacking Zheng, causing the Qin army to be completely annihilated by the Jin State in Yanshan. The three generals of the Qin army, Meng Mingshi, the son of Bailijie, and the sons of Uncle Jian Xiqishu and Bai Yibing were captured, but fortunately the Duchess of Jin Wen was a woman of the Qin State who interceded for the three detained generals and was released. Mu Gong wore a fierce suit to greet the suburbs, and cried to the three of them: "It's because I didn't listen to Baili and Uncle Jian that the three of them were wronged, what is the crime of the three of them?" You must find ways to avenge your shame, and do not slack off. So the three of them were reinstated to their official positions as before, and their salaries were better. In the thirty-sixth year, Mu Gong sent them to lead an army to attack the Jin, and when they crossed the Yellow River, even the boats were burned, and finally the Jin people were defeated, and Wang Guan and Yan were occupied, as revenge for the Battle of Yan. The Jin people were all in the city and did not dare to come out. So Mu Gong crossed the river from Maojin, buried the bones of the victims of the Qin army in the Yan Mountain, mourned for them, and wept for three days. Mu Gong issued an oath to the whole army, saying: "Hey, soldiers! Listen quietly, and do not make any noise, for I take my vows to you. In ancient times, people asked the gray-haired old man for advice, so that he did not make a big mistake, but I did not listen to the advice of Uncle Jian and Bai Lijie, in order to reflect on this, so I made this oath, so that future generations will always remember my mistakes. When the gentleman heard this, he wept and said, "Alas! Qin Mugong is really thoughtful in employing people, so in the end, it is still Meng Mingshi and others who have achieved great success. "Qin Mugong's efforts ensured that the Qin state did not decline after the defeat in the temporary war, but continued to develop.

Fifth, Qin Mugong was able to control the enemy with good plans. At that time, King Rong sent Yu Yu as an envoy to Qin. Yu Yu, whose ancestors were Jin people, fled to Rongdi and could speak Jin dialect. King Rong heard that Mu Gong was virtuous, so he sent Yu Yu to Qin to investigate. Qin Mugong showed off the palace buildings and material reserves to him. Yu Yu said: "Even if you let the ghosts and gods do it, it's enough to annoy the ghosts and gods; Even if it is done by the people, it is hard enough for the people. Mu Gong was very strange to his words, and asked him: "China is governed by poetry, books, rituals, music, and laws, and there are often chaos, and now Rong Zhai does not have these, so what can be relied on to govern, isn't it too difficult?" You Yu said with a smile: "This is precisely the reason why there is chaos in China." From the Holy Yellow Emperor to formulate rituals and laws, set an example, and take the lead in pursuing them, only to achieve small governance. In later generations, rulers became more and more arrogant and lascivious. Relying on the majesty of the law, to demand harshness from the people, the people will be extremely tired and will complain and blame the ruler for being unkind and unjust, blame each other from top to bottom, usurp and kill, and even cut off their children and grandchildren. This is not the case with Rongyi. The ruler treats his subordinates with a sincere and benevolent heart, and the people serve them with unswerving faith, and the government of a country is like managing a person, and I don't know what to do, which is the rule of a true saint. So Mu Gong came back and asked Neshiliao, "I have heard that there are saints in the neighboring countries, and it is a matter of concern for their enemy countries. Now Yu's feigned meritocracy is also a problem in my heart, what should I do with him? Neshiliao said: "King Rong lived in a remote and secluded place, and he had never heard Chinese music. You may want to try to send him some kabuki dancers to weaken his ambitions. and to ask for the remainder to alienate their relationship; Hold on to it in order to delay his return. King Rong felt strange and must be suspicious of Yu Yu. If the monarch and the minister have a suspicion, they can capture the king of Rong. And King Rong likes to sing and dance. will also slack off on political affairs. Mu Gong said, "Okay." So he sat down with Yu Lian, passed the equipment and ate, inquired about the country's topography and military situation clearly, and then ordered Nei Shi Liao to send two columns of kabuki and dancing girls in a column of eight people to King Rong, who liked it very much after accepting it, and did not return it all year round. At this time, Qin put back Youyu. Yu Yu's repeated exhortations were not accepted, and Mu Gong also kept sending people to secretly invite Yu Yu, and Yu finally abandoned Rong and surrendered to Qin. Mu Gong entertained him as a distinguished guest and asked him for advice on how to fight Rong. You Yu had lived among the Rong people for a long time and was familiar with their situation, and Mu Gong attached great importance to his advice. Later, Yu's strategy was adopted to crusade against the king of Rong, and 12 countries were annexed, the Qin State opened up thousands of miles, the border south to the Qinling Mountains, the west to the Didao (now Lintao, Gansu), the north to the Quyanrong (now Ningxia Yanchi), and the east to the Yellow River, known as "Qin Mu Gongba Xirong" in history. King Xiang of Zhou sent Zhao Gong Guo to bring a golden drum to Qin Mugong to congratulate him. Qin Mugong's hegemony over Xirong laid the cornerstone for Qin's unification of China in the future.

Qin Mugong died in the thirty-ninth year (621 BC) and was buried in Yong (now southeast of Fengxiang, Shaanxi), and 177 people were buried and died, including the three sons of Ziyu's family, Zhongxing, and Needle Tiger. These three people are very kind and brave, and the people of the country are very sad about this, and they give the poem "Yellow Bird" and sing: "The sky is the sky, and I am the beloved; If it can be redeemed, people will be alive! However, Su Dongpo of the Song Dynasty had a different opinion on this matter. He thought that if Mu Gong did not kill Meng Ming, the general of the mourner, he would not bear to use Sanliang to be buried. The death of Sanliang, just like the suicide of Tian Heng, the two Qi soldiers who traveled to Luoyang to kill themselves, are completely the meaning of "the death of a confidant". Today's people do not understand the righteous spirit of "the ancients felt a meal, and they could still kill their bodies", but instead criticized the ancients with today's secular views.

The last righteous act of the Qin State occurred in the eighth year of the Mourning Prince, and the prince of Chu abandoned the disease to kill the Spirit King and established himself, which was the King of Ping. In the eleventh year, King Chuping sent someone to ask to marry a woman from the Qin State as the wife of the crown prince. married back to China, and when he saw that the woman of Qin was beautiful, he married herself. In the fifteenth year, King Chuping wanted to execute Prince Jian, and Prince Jian fled: Wu Zixu fled to Wu State. The Jin State Office declined, and the Liuqing was strong, and the main consideration was internal annexation, so for a long time Qin and Jin no longer attacked each other. In the thirty-first year, the king of Wu and Wu Zixu attacked Chu, and the king of Chu fled to Suiguo; Wu took advantage of the situation to attack Ying. Shen Baoxu, the doctor of Chu State, came to report the emergency, did not eat for seven days, and cried day and night. In this way, the Qin State sent 500 military vehicles to rescue the Chu State and defeat the Wu army. The Wu army withdrew, and the king of Chu Zhao returned to Ying.

In the following period, the Qin State frequently changed monarchs, and the names of monarchs and ministers were reversed, so the Jin State became strong again and took away Qin's Hexi land.

Fourth, filial piety and strength

By the time Qin Xiaogong succeeded to the throne, there were six powerful countries east of the Yellow River and Huashan, and Qin Xiaogong was called King Qi Wei, King Chu Xuan, King Wei Hui, King Yan Mourning, Han Aihou, and Zhao Chenghou. There are more than 10 small countries between Huaishui and Surabaya. Chu, Wei and Qin bordered. Wei built the Great Wall, went north from Zheng along the bank of the Luoshui River, and occupied the land of Shangjun. From Hanzhong, Chu went south to occupy Ba County and Qianzhong County. The Zhou royal family declined, and the vassal states conquered and annexed each other by force. Qin is located in Yongzhou, and does not participate in the alliance of the Central Plains countries, and is regarded as Yi Zhai. Filial piety then extended favors, gave relief to orphans and widows, recruited soldiers, rewarded meritorious deeds, and ordered plans in the country to strengthen the country. When Wei Ying heard that this order had been issued, he came west to Qin and asked to see Xiaogong through the introduction of Jing Jian. Wei Ying persuaded Xiaogong to change the legal system, rectify the punishment, advocate dedication to agriculture internally, strictly reward and punish externally, and encourage soldiers to fight and die, and Xiaogong expressed his appreciation. But Gan Long, Du Zhi and others disagreed and debated with him. In the end, the new law of Wei Ying was adopted. The people felt very bitter, but after three years, they got used to it. In the twelfth year of Qin Xiaogong, he built Chengyang City, built Jique, and Qin moved the capital to Xianyang. Merge the small townships and organize them into large counties, with one county commander for each county, a total of 41 counties. Plan acres of land, set up Qianmo, and expand the territory to the east of Luoshui. Fourteen years, began to collect. The national policy of enriching the country and strengthening the army made great progress in the Qin state, and the Qin state was no longer a barbarian land. The prosperity and strength of the Qin State made Zhou Tianzi give the sacrificial meat to Qin Xiaogong, and the princes of all countries came to congratulate him.

After the Shang Dynasty reform, Qin's economy developed, the combat effectiveness of the army was continuously strengthened, and it developed into the richest and most powerful feudal state in the late Warring States period. As a result, the Qin State began to turn into an offensive posture against the Six Kingdoms of Shandong, laying the foundation for the future Qin to unify the whole country. However, the strictness of Qin's laws not only caused Shang Ying's final death, but also laid the groundwork for the fall of the Qin Dynasty.

Fifth, the world

Since Qin Xiaogong, the Qin State has gone through King Huiwen, King Wu, King Zhaoxiang, King Xiaowen, King Zhuangxiang, and the unification of Qin Shi Huang after five dynasties to be realized.

Qin Huiwen was famous for his reign when he was Su Qin and Zhang Yi who ruled the world, and in this gladiatorial battle between the Qin State and the Six Kingdoms with the world as a bet, Su Qin and the Six Kingdoms were mainly Yan and united the Six Kingdoms to resist Qin; Zhang Yi was dominated by Wei, divided and disintegrated the Six Kingdoms, and created conditions for Qin to continuously attack the Six Kingdoms; In the end, due to the inherent contradictions in the interests of the six countries, Zhang Yi's Lianheng had the advantage, and the momentum of Qin's expansion became irrepressible.

Another important event during the reign of King Huiwen of Qin was that Sima mistakenly took Shu. At that time, the Tho State and the Shu State attacked each other, and they went to the Qin State to report the emergency. King Qin Hui wanted to send an army to attack Shu, but he thought that the road was difficult and narrow, and it was not easy to reach. At this time, Korea came to invade Qin again. King Qin Hui wants to attack Korea first, and then crusade against Shu, I am afraid that there will be some disadvantages; It is necessary to attack Shu first, and I am afraid that South Korea will take advantage of the exhaustion of the long war to sneak attack, and hesitate to make a decision. Sima Cuo and Zhang Yi argued endlessly in front of King Hui, Sima Cuo advocated a crusade against Shu, and Zhang Yi said: "It's better to crusade against Korea first." King Hui said, "I would like to hear your reasons." ”

Zhang Yi said: "We first went on a blind date with Wei and made friends with Chu, and then marched into Sanchuan, blocked the pass of Shigu, and blocked the main road of Tunliu. In this way, the passage from Wei to Nanyang was cut off, so that Chu sent troops to approach Nanzheng, and the Qin army attacked Xincheng and Yiyang, and approached the suburbs of the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou dynasties, crusading against the sins of the king of Zhou, and then conquering the lands of Chu and Wei. King Zhou himself knew that there was no way to save it, and he would definitely sacrifice the Jiuding treasure that had been passed down to the country. The Qin State took possession of the treasure of the Nine Tripods, and according to the map and household registration, he could hold Zhou Tianzi hostage and give orders to the world, and no one in the world dared to disobey him. This is the great cause of unifying the world! Nowadays, Shu is a remote country in the West, and a backward nation like Rong Di has made our soldiers tired and the people hard, and they cannot become famous in the world, and they will not get practical benefits if they seize their land. I have heard that those who seek fame and position should go to the imperial court, and those who pursue profit should go to the market. Nowadays, Sanchuan and Zhou, just like the imperial court and the market, the king does not go there to compete, but goes to backward areas such as Rongdi to compete, which is too far from the emperor's achievements. ”

Sima Cuo said: "That's not the case. I have heard that whoever wants to make his country rich and strong must expand his territory; He who wants to make the army strong must make the people rich; Those who want to unify the world must be generously benevolent. When these three conditions are met, the great cause of the emperor will be accomplished. Today, the king's territory is still small, and the people are still poor, so I want the king to do something easy first. Shu is a remote country in the west, but it is the leader of Rong Di, and there have been disasters similar to Xia Wei and Shang. Sending Qin's mighty army to attack it is like letting a jackal drive a flock of sheep. Occupying its land can expand the territory of Qin, and seizing its wealth can make the people rich and tidy up the army. They didn't need to lose their troops to their knees. Conquer a country, and the people of the world do not think we are brutal; We have taken all the wealth of the West, and the people of the world do not think that we are greedy, and we have increased our prestige and real profit by sending out our army, and we can also enjoy a good reputation for prohibiting riots. Nowadays, it is a very bad reputation to attack South Korea and hijack the Son of Heaven, and it may not be able to gain benefits, and it also bears an ugly reputation of injustice, and it is a country that the people of the world do not want to attack, so it is dangerous. Let me state the reason: King Zhou is the common suzerain of the world; It is a country that has close ties with Qi and South Korea. King Zhou himself knew that he would lose Jiuding, and Korea himself knew that he would lose Sanchuan, and these two countries would definitely work together to rely on the strength of Qi and Zhao to seek reconciliation with Chu and Wei. If they give the Jiuding treasure to the state of Chu and give the land to the state of Wei, the king will not be able to stop it, and this is the danger I said, so it is better to attack the state of Shu as completely. ”

King Hui said, "Well said, I listen to you." "Finally sent troops to attack Shu. In October of that year, he captured the state of Shu. So, he quelled the rebellion in Shu, degraded the king of Shu, changed his title to the Marquis of Shu, and sent Chen Zhuang as the prime minister. After Shu returned to Qin, the rich Bashu Plain became its logistics base, and Qin became stronger and richer, and despised other princes even more.

King Wu of Qin did not reign for a long time, but he basically realized Zhang Yi's strategy, opened up the land of Sanchuan, and threatened Zhou Tianzi, but King Wu was brave and died in the fight.

King Qin Zhaoxiang is a monarch who has reigned for a long time, and the stories of "The Legend of Miyue", Meng Weijun's Coming to Qin, King Chu Huai being deceived into staying in Qin, and He's Bi took place during the period.

During the reign of King Qin Zhaoxiang, he used the marquis Wei Ran four times as the phase, and used the famous general Bai Qi to continuously go on an eastward expedition and conquer the city, which can be said to be contemptuous; King Qin Zhao once proclaimed himself the Western Emperor and respected King Qi as the Eastern Emperor; In the middle of his reign, Fan Sui, a native of Wei, entered Qin, and first, King Qin Zhao put forward the strategic concept of "distant friendship and close attack, and the inch is the king's inch, and the ruler is also the king's ruler", so that the Qin state apparatus began to unify the rhythm of the whole country at full speed, and second, the forces that threatened the royal power were eliminated, and the forces that threatened the royal power were eliminated, "the empress dowager was abolished, and the princes of Gaoling, Huayang, and Jingyang were expelled outside the Guan" to concentrate state power to avoid interference in the process of unification. By the Battle of Changping, the 400,000 troops of Zhao State, the most elite of the Six Kingdoms of Shandong, were completely annihilated, the last remnants of the previous dynasty, the Western Zhou Dynasty, and Jiuding entered Qin, and the unification trend of Qin was inevitable.

King Qin Xiaowen died of illness after three days of reign, and King Zhuang Xiang maintained an attack on the Six Kingdoms for three years of his reign, and the Six Kingdoms were already powerless to fight back and became weaker and weaker.

Sixth, unify China

Qin Shi Huang was born in the first month of the 48th year of King Qin Zhao, born in the city of Handan, Zhao State at that time, was the middle son of King Xiang of Qin Zhuang, the 35th grandson of the Shang Dynasty's important ministers, and was surnamed Zhao.

At that time, the Qin State had already annexed Ba, Shu, and Hanzhong, crossed Wan to occupy the contempt, and set up Nanjun; To the north, it took the east of Shangjun and occupied Hedong, Taiyuan, and Shangdang County; Reached Rongyang in the east, eliminated the Western Zhou and Eastern Zhou, and set up Sanchuan County. Lü Buwei was the prime minister, and he was named the Marquis of Wenxin. Recruit guests and tourists, intending to annex the world. Li Si is a sheren, and Meng Fu, Wang Qi, and Gong Qi are generals. King Qin was young, and in the early days of his reign, state affairs were handled by ministers.

In the early days of Qin Shi Huang's reign, Qin and the Six Kingdoms won and lost each other, and their main focus was on consolidating their rule. By the time the rebellion of Chang Yu was put down and Lü Buwei committed suicide by poisoning, Qin Shi Huang had stabilized the Qin state, Li Si handled the state affairs with affairs, and Wei Yi used the military counsellor to conspire, and the general attack on the six countries began.

From the 17th year of Qin Shi Huang to the 26th year of the destruction of the Qi State, it took 10 years to sweep away the leaves with the autumn wind, annex the world, and unify China.

During this period, although there were the legends of Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin and the twists and turns of Wang Jian's breakthrough, the great cause of China's reunification was finally completed.

Qin Shi Huang created the emperor system in the central government, implemented the three princes and nine secretaries, and managed state affairs. Locally, the sub-feudal system was abolished and replaced by the county system, with the same text and the same track, and unified weights and measures. Attacking the Xiongnu in the north, conquering Baiyue in the south, building the Great Wall, building the spiritual canal, and communicating the water system. It also pushed China to the era of great unification and created a new situation for the establishment of a centralized system. He had a profound impact on the history of China and the world, laying the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and he was praised as "the first emperor of the ages" by the Ming Dynasty thinker Li Zhen. And Chinese civilization is also moving towards a new page.

2016.5.20