There were three main routes for transporting U.S. arms and supplies to the Soviet Union during World War II. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The largest, however, was the Pacific route, which transported 8.25 million tons of supplies (mainly industrial equipment and fuel oil that were urgently needed for the resumption of production in the Soviet Union), accounting for 47.1% of the total transportation of the United States.

The second was the route to Iran in the Persian Gulf, which was transported to the USSR through Iran. A total of 4.16 million tons were transported along this route, accounting for 23.8% of the total U.S. transportation.

The third, known as the North Atlantic route, was the only dangerous route, because it was the only one of the three main routes that was under German attack, with German submarines and naval warships intercepting American transports. A total of 3.96 million tons were transported along this route, accounting for 22.7% of the total U.S. transportation.

Although the Pacific Route had to travel long distances by rail through desert Siberia, it proved to carry as much material as the North Atlantic Corridor and the Iranian Corridor combined.

After the Pacific War, supplies continued to flow into Vladivostok and not only did not suffer a serious impact, but Japanese warships often avoided Soviet-flagged merchant ships. As a result, all the cargo ships available to the Soviet Union sailed into the Pacific Ocean, and American merchant ships were re-flagged to transport supplies to the Soviet Union, exempt from inspection by Japanese warships.

In addition to these three major routes, there are also two smaller routes. One is the Black Sea route, the other is the Arctic route.

The Black Sea route began to transport supplies only after the Soviet Union took control of the Black Sea in 1945, so only 680,000 tons, or 3.9% of the total U.S. shipments, were transported. The Arctic route has been transported since 1942, but the volume of transportation is too small, and by the end of the war only 450,000 tons, or 2.5% of the total, were transported. Note that the Arctic route is not the North Atlantic route.

And the Far East mainly received equipment and fuel urgently needed by the military factories in the rear of the Soviet Union, as well as food, but this time the departments of the Far East were notified that it was important to have a fleet to carry something, so a colonel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs came to the dock with one of his own troops! They were anxiously waiting for the arrival of a flotilla!

The ship they had to secure was also a 10,000-ton ship that the Cheka had bought with money, mainly fuel, and some parts for machine tools, but at the same time there were several boxes of special cargo, and the nervous colonel of the Ministry of Internal Affairs carried four boxes off the ship with his men and a few people from Moscow.

Although it is very light, it is related to the fortune of the country, two boxes contain electronic devices and two are materials related to nuclear reactors, yes, this is also a side effect brought by Kuusinin, although he pretended to lose a lot of memory, but as a later generation of Soviets, and military industry experts, of course, he also has an understanding of the atomic bomb, although he will not build it, but his knowledge and memory have bought valuable time for the development of nuclear weapons in the Soviet Union, historical archives show that in years, Beria received 300 pieces of information about the atomic bomb, Soviet spies were based in Berlin, London, and New York to steal intelligence from the Los Alamos atomic bomb center, which was headed by the scientist Oppenheimer. The first intelligence month arrived in the Kremlin, a copy of a memorandum from a British nuclear physicist calling on Churchill to create a nuclear weapon. It was the Soviet Union that panicked, and Stalin thought it was false information. It was not until 1942 that intelligence from the United States and the approach of Hitler's troops to the shores of the Black Sea drew the attention of the Kremlin's masters to this mysterious weapon. It was in this year that Beria created the Department of Special Military-Technical Reconnaissance. In 1943, former Soviet top spies Kvasnikov and Sam Yonov (pseudonym: Twin) broke into New York, and at the same time, they established an underground organization called "Rear" in Canada. According to the former head of the Department of Technical Espionage in London, Bakovsky, recalls about 10 British scientists in Britain alone who provided intelligence to the Kremlin. The KGB has been tight-lipped about the names of these people. When the number of nuclear espionage reports from Western spies was increasing, Stalin ordered the former Soviet Union to also start studying the "uranium problem". At the beginning of 1943, he appointed Kurchatov, a physicist and patriotic youth, as head of the Soviet atomic bomb project. Unlike the self-made Americans, Kurchatov already had in his hands the essence of Western nuclear research obtained by Beria's spies. The messengers transported the secret information to Moscow, and then to the Saru nuclear weapons manufacturing site, 400 kilometers from Moscow. In strict secrecy, Soviet scientists began to copy atomic bomb components. Initially, the Soviets' complex calculations against the Americans could not be tested, and by the end of 1944, when Soviet researchers had extracted less than 3 kilograms of uranium metal, Kurchatov was like a senior teacher, who first assigned the experts tasks, then opened the safe and compared their results with the secret documents stolen by the spies, and his conclusion was often "unfortunately not, please try again". According to the estimation of American experts, because the Soviet Union stole some of the technical materials of the United States, Kurchatov and others saved at least two years and 250 million rubles of financial resources. In January and June 1945, Fawkes, an American-German immigrant, stole important information such as the size of the atomic bomb "Little Boy", the fuse structure of the bomb, all the mathematical calculations, and design drawings from Oppenheimer's atomic bomb test site, and then transferred it to the former Soviet Union. Kurchatov immediately revoked his design and took a shortcut to create a plutonium atomic bomb.

On Christmas Day 1946, its controlled chain reaction was successful. At the same time, 70,000 prisoners in the Gulag prison built a huge nuclear reactor in Cheryanbinsky behind the Ural Mountains. When the atomic reactor was finally completed on June 10, 1948, and on August 29, 1949, there was a loud bang in the Kazakh steppe, and the Soviet Union broke the nuclear monopoly of the United States, and the nuclear competition between the two superpowers finally stood on the same starting line.

And under Kuusinin's reminder, the Soviet Union's research work can be much faster, although because of the bad situation, the Soviet Union could not build to bomb Germany, but the accelerated Soviet nuclear research still made the Soviet Union's atomic bomb two years faster than the previous life, and it was not only Kuusinin who made a meritorious contribution, but also a thing that he proposed to speed up the production, that is, the electronic computer that appeared at about the same time as the United States!

Although the Soviet Union's electronics industry was backward, there were later generations of information and intelligence systems through the Ministry of Internal Affairs, although the Soviet Union did not have electronic computers at this time, there were still a lot of calculators, so the code decipherment speed for the German army was also much faster.

In this way, under the protection of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, four boxes were sent on a special train to the institute in the Urals!

Valuable supplies were quickly sent to factories in the Urals and Novosibirsk under the unified coordination of the Ministry of Internal Affairs.

At this time, the internal affairs department in Central Asia was also waiting for something, a new batch of P39 Flying Snake fighters was coming, P39 was a chicken rib fighter in the eyes of the United States and pilots, but when it came to the Soviet-German battlefield, it was really a tree to move the dead and the people to live, the most happy thing for the Soviet pilots was the 37 mm cannon that pierced through the shaft, the Soviets felt a little too much firepower for the first time, and even took the initiative to remove the 12.7 mm machine gun in the wing on the P-39 (P-39N, Q's wings were fitted with two 12.62 mm machine guns instead of four 7.62 mm machine guns) to reduce weight.

So the P-39 was sent to the elite units and everyone used it -- and the turning point of the 39 came

The shortcomings of 39 in the eyes of the Soviets were not at all shortcomings and poor static stability? It turned out that the stability of the flying I-16 was even worse, and the Soviet pilots who were used to flying the I-16 did not care at all; Insufficient power at high altitude? The MiG-3 had already driven German aircraft to low altitudes, and there was no need for high-altitude combat at all; The side door is not easy to escape? What life should the Stalin's guards run into the enemy with a burning plane? Having trouble repairing? This is an imported advanced weapon, and of course there must be the best maintenance team!

The Soviets used their wisdom and courage to resolve the shortcomings of the P-39 one by one! Removed from the USSR was a perfect plane!

This batch of P39 will immediately go to the Stalingrad theater of operations, as soon as the planes are delivered to the border, they will be immediately taken over by the internal affairs troops, and they will be handed over to the Red Air Force after going to the theater of operations, the planes are coming, and the reinforcements are coming, but for the 62nd Army holding Stalingrad at this time, they still need to wait, vodka is in short supply, bread is in short supply, time is there, and then two divisions will rush to Stalingrad, but at this time at Mamayev Gang, Andrei and his Siberian volunteers will face a huge test!