Zhenguan for three years. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info

On the sixth day of the first month of February, Li Shimin appointed Fang Xuanling as the left servant of Shangshu, Du Ruhui as the right servant, and Wei Zheng as the secretary and supervisor of Shangshu right to participate in the government affairs.

On the 16th, Li Shimin said to Fang Xuanling and Du Ruhui: "As servants, you should seek talents from all over the world, and award officials because of their talents, which is the duty of the prime minister. Recently, I heard that you have been accepting resignation cases for a long time, how can you help me to find a talent? Therefore, it was ordered that "the trivial affairs of Shangshu Province shall be in the hands of the left and right servants of Shangshu, and only the major matters that should be made clear shall be handled by the left and right servants." ”

Fang Xuanling is familiar with government affairs, has literary talents, and works day and night, but I am afraid that there will be occasional mistakes; Use the law to be lenient and upright, hear the strengths of others, as if you have your own, treat others without seeking full blame, do not ask others with your own strengths, and promote Du Ruhui to the future, spare no effort. As for the institutional procedures of Shangshu Province, they were all determined by the two of them. Every time Li Shimin plans political affairs with Fang Xuanling, he must say: "If it is not Du Ruhui, it cannot be finalized." When Du Ruhui came, he finally adopted Fang Xuanling's suggestion. This is because Fang Xuanling is good at strategy, and Du Ruyan is good at decisiveness. The two are deeply compatible and work together to contribute to the country. Therefore, the Tang Dynasty was called a virtuous person, and the first to recommend Fang and Du. Although Fang Xuanling was favored by Li Shimin, he was sometimes condemned for something, and he always went to the court for several days, kowtowing and asking for guilt, and he was so frightened that he seemed to have no place to be ashamed.

In the summer, on the fourth day of the fourth month of April, the Emperor Li Yuan moved to Hongyi Palace. Hongyi Palace was changed to Da'an Palace.

Li Shimin began to listen to the government in the Taiji Palace, and said to the ministers: "Zhongshu and Menxia Province are all confidential departments, and if there is any inappropriateness in the edict documents, they should be discussed and put forward opinions. Lately, I have seen obedience to the will, and I have not heard the contrary. If it's just past paperwork, then who can't do it, so why choose talents carefully? Fang Xuanling and others all kowtowed and apologized.

According to the previous practice, whenever the edict involves major military affairs, it will be seen by the Zhongshu Sheren, and everyone will sign it separately, which is called the five-flower judgment. Zhongshu Shilang and Zhongshu Ling were reviewed, and the matter was refuted and corrected by Huangmen Shilang. Li Shimin began to assert the old regulations, so there were few mistakes.

Right Guards Battalion.

Inside Fang Xu's tent.

Fang Xu was drawing a map with a pencil.

Yes, Fang Xu was drawing a map with a pencil, a military map, of course.

Since the Mid-Autumn Festival of the first year of Zhenguan, Fang Xu offered a peaceful ****** policy, and Li Shimin discussed it with the veterans of the important ministers. began to implement, and I have to say that Datang's ability to act is staggering.

Especially in the past few years in ******, natural disasters have continued, and the bright and dark spies sent by Datang have penetrated into the bones in the ******.

Since Fang Xu ordered Su Dingfang, Liu Renliang and others to defeat Hou Junji, Fang Xu's weight in Li Shimin's heart has increased a lot, and he has the idea of letting Fang Xu go to the battlefield with ******. It is difficult for a genius to become a great man without going through tempering. After tempering in the smoke of war, after life and death, he is also as brilliant as a genius. Moreover, the ****** strategy was originally offered by Fang Xu. Therefore, Li Shimin ordered the information sent back from the ****** spy to be told to Fang Xu in detail.

From later generations, of course, Fang Xu used a pencil to draw pictures, and as for the pencil that Fang Xu used to draw maps.

In fact, pencils do not contain lead at all, and are made of graphite and clay.

In the 18th century, the German chemist Faber improved graphite, grinding graphite into a powder, and then bonding it with a substance to achieve the purpose. According to this idea, he carried out repeated experiments, and found that a certain amount of sulfur, antimony sulfur and rosin were mixed into the graphite powder, and the improved graphite could be obtained after heating and solidifying. It has the right amount of hardness, smooth writing, legible handwriting, and is not easy to get your hands dirty. To protect the core, Fabel also wrapped a strip of paper around the lead core. Thus, a new type of pencil was born.

In 1789, after the outbreak of the French bourgeois revolution, Britain, Germany and other neighboring countries blockaded France, and pencils could not be transported. For French writers and painters, this is tantamount to running out of food. At that time, there was a painter named Conti who decided to develop his own pencil.

Conti knew that graphite was limited in quantity and that it was necessary to produce as many pencils as possible from as little graphite as possible. To achieve this, he fired graphite powder by mixing various different substances. He was amazed to find that different amounts of clay could be added to graphite, or at different temperatures when firing, to obtain pencil cores with different properties. In 1790, Conti produced pencils for a variety of purposes. The pen invented by Conti works well and is quite popular. It is said that Napoleon was also fond of using this pen.

Therefore, in the evil feudal society, as Fang Xu, it is still very easy to get a pencil out if he knows the principle.

Here, Fang Xu was originally from Shandong in later generations, and when he went to Qingdao to play, he happened to pass by Laixi City, the most important graphite producing area in China.