The final chapter of the fifth volume of "The Great Power Kills" recalls the "Trench".

It's over, it's finally over. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. ｂｉｑUｇE。 infoIt's an unbearable past, a bloody chaotic history, a difficult memory of civilization.

After the disaster, looking back on the disaster, it is always full of emotion. The people of that land still tell the story of that time, the chaos of that era, and the glory of the Bourbon Empire. Various experts have studied this history for various purposes, and have come up with a number of so-called "social science truths". One of them: the essence of all states is a machine of violence, and it must also conform to the theorem of violence, and the key and almost only element that determines the survival of a whole - the army.

Of course, you may not think so, most people answer "the hearts of the people" in a high-profile manner on this question, and they say that "those who win the hearts of the people win the world". As the old saying goes, "Those who win the hearts of the people win the world", and various ancient classics of governance have repeatedly taught that the support of the people is the foundation of the existence of a political regime.

Confucius: "There is a way to cut down but there is no way, the people are relieved to hang upside down, and heaven and earth are righteous." "To have a Taoist teacher to cut down no way, said benevolence." "There is no way in the state, and the world is in the same country. “

Mencius: "If this is true, the people will return to it, and the water will go down, who can control it?" ”

Even the lyrics of the theme song of a Chinese TV series today are sung like this. Have you ever wondered if that song is meant to amuse you?

Looking back at real history, the example of the pure non-Han regime of the Yuan Dynasty (which was actually a khanate of the Great Mongol Empire) is also the most convincing example.

The Mongols, recognized as barbarians all over the world, carried out their conquest by killing, carried out the policy of national oppression, and carried out horrific massacres against the people of the occupied territories at every turn. The policy of genocide seems to have been an attitude of Genghis Khan's life. In 1215, Genghis Khan personally led the Mongol army to capture the capital of the Jin Kingdom (present-day Beijing), where a month-long massacre was carried out with few survivors, and then the Mongol army burned the entire city of Zhongdu (present-day Beijing), which is why there are almost no pre-Ming buildings in Beijing today. A year later, a foreign envoy wrote: "There is not a single building in the city that has not been burned, the streets are slippery and difficult to walk because they are covered with the grease of the burned people, and behind the city there is a mountain of bones made entirely of human bones." "Almost all of these millions of people were killed in the massacre of the city by the Mongol army. In 1227, when the barbarian Genghis Khan was venting, he was bitten off by a Tangut woman (this is disputed), and the blood of the dog was sprayed all over the ground. Later, its successors achieved the conquest of the Western Xia, and out of revenge, ordered the extermination of all the Western Xia, from the emperor to the beggars, tens of millions of people were slaughtered, and the Dangxiang people were also extinct in the land of China. More than 800,000 residents of Xingqing Mansion (present-day Yinchuan), the capital of Western Xia, were slaughtered. In the seventh year of Jin Zhangzongtaihe (1207), the northern China ruled by the Jin State, including the current Beijing, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other places, had a total population of more than 7.68 million households, about 45.81 million people. After the Mongols destroyed Jin in 1234, there were only more than 870,000 households, about 4.75 million people, left, and the population of the north plummeted by 90%. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the Mongol army once slaughtered more than 200 cities, such as Changzhou. In addition to the genocide of 90% of civilians in northern China, the catastrophe caused by the massacre of the Mongol Empire in Sichuan was even more shocking. Before the Mongol invasion, Sichuan had a population of at least 13 million people, but after the Mongol massacre, it was less than 800,000. For example, during the Southern Song Dynasty, the number of households in the Sichuan Fourth Road, including the Da'an Army, Xingyuanfu, Chuzhou, Yangzhou, and Jinzhou belonging to present-day Shaanxi, and the Tianshuijun, Xihezhou, Jiezhou, Chengzhou, and Wenzhou belonging to Gansu, decreased from 2.58 million in 1175 before the Mongol invasion (estimated, including the above-mentioned Shaanxi and Gansu provinces) to 150,000 in 1290 after the war, and the population decreased to 1/15......

In the course of their conquests, the Mongols were keen to carry out large-scale massacres of cities; After the conquest, the Mongols frantically pursued a policy of national oppression. In other words, the rule of the Yuan Dynasty must be absolutely unpopular with the people, unless the grass people have a sick brain, the masochism is not cured, and they are abused by the Mongolian perverts to get pleasure. However, the vast majority of people are really not sick, so it will inevitably rise up. Kublai Khan established the Yuan Dynasty in 1271, and from 1276 to 1367 there were many large-scale popular uprisings in the Yuan Dynasty, occurring every one or two years. However, the unpopular Mongols just sat firmly and smashed all kinds of uprisings again and again, and the Song, Nan, Han, Jin, and almost all the resistance forces were crushed by the Mongol army. Those who are violent are unpopular, and those who oppose the yuan are all dead. It wasn't until a few years later that the Mongol armies fought again and the four khanates went into chaos...... In the land of China, the main force of the Mongol army was exhausted by their own brothers, which may be the real reason why the Yuan Dynasty was able to end.

In 1368, the Mongol conquerors were finally driven out of the Central Plains by the Ming army. From the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty in 1271 to the escape of Huizong in 1368, it was nearly a century. Under the brutal and tyrannical rule of the Mongol barbarians, the poor vanquished went through at least three generations. If it weren't for the destruction of the main Mongol army in internal strife, perhaps their oppressive rule would have continued beyond the Industrial Revolution.

There is no doubt that Meng Yuan is a powerful power that has no reason to speak of and no human nature, and this guy will definitely not win the hearts of the people. The non-mainstream barbarian dynasty, which has been revolting every day since the founding of the People's Republic of China, actually sat firmly in the Central Plains for a century, conquering and ruling the civilized people who knew how to read and reason. It can be seen that the role of the people's will is definitely not as important as Confucianism claims; In the face of a powerful power with sufficient strength, it is doubtful whether the factor of popular will itself can play a role.

In the Korean movie "The Battle of Mingliang", a timid refugee told the truth, "When I didn't dare to follow you, I was oppressed and exploited and couldn't eat, so I could only barely survive, but this is better than following you to risk your life!" "In the face of unpopular pirates, most grass people choose to survive.

"Those who win the hearts of the people win the world", those who win the hearts of the people do not necessarily win the world, and those who do not win the hearts of the people do not necessarily win the world. Winning the hearts and minds of the people is only one way to get the world, a weapon that can be used when there are no other resources, but it is the military that really plays a key role.

This catastrophe of the Bourbon Empire seems to confirm this once again. The centuries-old Bourbon Empire actually fell to the fall of the Imperial Army in its capital, Paris. You must know that without the support and participation of the army, in this era of hot weapons, these lower-class grass people who are full of revolutionary passion may only be corpses on the streets. The First Republic, which was politically chaotic, relied on the military to build the country for 10 years, and even if it completely lost the support of a considerable part of the people, the country was still very stable. In the end, the First Republic was destroyed by the forces loyal to the government of the First Republic and defeated the intervention forces of the multinational forces, and a new state was successfully established with the assistance of foreign troops.

Historically, it is not the will of the people that determines history, but the army, and it can only be the army, and this is especially true in the current era of civilization. But you may be laughing again, and immediately use the recent coup d'état in Turkey as a counter-example, but this failed military coup failed precisely because of the army itself. The psychological quality of the army is too poor, and it does not have enough strength, and it does not even possess the spirit of death that all coup soldiers must have. These Turkish rebels may be well-armed and equipped, but they have a fragile glass heart, like angelic soldiers. So, as a result, "the regular army with guns was defeated by the unarmed and angry civilians, and this army was left as a pile of useless garbage that deserved to be purged." ”

At that time, the former Bourbon Imperial Army, which was once one of the ace armies of the Central Continent, and the Wehrmacht of the First Republic of Paris at that time, also seemed to be in a state of garbage. For hundreds of years, this army had sworn allegiance to the king, and there had been no king for some time, and the parliamentary government had too many members of the parliament, and the army did not know who to be loyal to. As a matter of fact, even the issues of whose orders to listen to, whether or not to listen to orders, and how to carry out the orders of the higher authorities cannot be problems in other armies, but they have become important issues in this army, and they are also the most important issues concerning the survival of the officers and men at the grassroots level.

WHY？ Because of the revolution.

After the transformation from the Imperial Army to the Wehrmacht, the soul of this army no longer exists, and the next job of the revolutionaries is to cut the shell.

In the midst of various internal struggles, the middle and senior commanders and most of the staff organs of this former ace army no longer exist, or the central nervous system of the army has been completely destroyed by the so-called revolution. In the absence of an absolutely reliable senior general, the parliament gradually dismantled the army, and the scattered parliament was unprecedentedly consistent in its attitude and goal of splitting the army. The Supreme Command of the Imperial Army was gone, the General Staff was gone, the commands of local military districts were gone, and the corps of all levels were abolished. The corps under the legion once became the largest military formation of the Wehrmacht, and it was also the smallest military cluster that could fight effectively, but the parliament was still unsatisfied, and the corps was not left. Eventually, the Bourbon Empire was split into a number of divisional formations, with the exception of corps-level garrison commands in some important locations.

The situation of the divisional and regimental level grass-roots units, the commanders of the division-level and regiment-level units are all activists promoted by rockets, and even a considerable part of the troops are laymen and insiders, and the commanders of barbers and cooks are ...... Note that they were barbers or cooks before taking up military positions......

The command of a layman is not only in the army, but also in the army's logistics supply and military-industrial production system.

In this way, the former Central Continent ace army is tragic.

To understand this army, let's look back at the predecessor of this army, the former Bourbon Imperial Army.

According to the regulations on the establishment of the standing army of the Baiyang Democratic Federation Army in the 90th edition of the B century, the Baiyang United Gang Army takes the corps as an independent campaign cluster, and the basic strategic unit of the army is the division-level establishment. The corps is composed of different types and numbers of divisions according to the mission and the area in which it is stationed.

The corps is under the jurisdiction of two infantry brigades, one regiment of cavalry and one artillery regiment, and one battalion of engineer and baggage troops.

Among them, the infantry brigade has 2 regiments under its jurisdiction and 1 battalion of 3 companies and 18 57-mm small infantry artillery guns.

Infantry regiments, each with 3 infantry battalions, 1 machine gun company (8 heavy machine guns of the 11.43 mm Maxine principle), 1 small artillery battery (8 60 mm hand-held small cannons, similar to single-shot grenade launchers); Each battalion has four infantry companies, three infantry platoons, one small artillery squad per platoon, one 40mm small gun (similar to a single grenade launcher), each squad usually has two 11.43mm submachine guns, and no machine gun fire below the battalion level. The regiment numbered about 2,700 officers and men.

Cavalry regiments are divided into two types, A and B, with 6 cavalry companies and 4 cavalry companies, depending on the situation at the station. The regiment has a total of 672 combat soldiers, 447 miscellaneous soldiers, 81 reserve soldiers, and 792 war horses. The B regiment accounted for the vast majority, with 448 combat soldiers and 528 horses in each regiment. Each regiment is a pure field shock cavalry regiment, without heavy weapons, and the cavalry is armed with carbines and submachine guns, which can carry out reconnaissance and escort missions.

The artillery regiment of the division's artillery regiment has two battalions of 18-gun field artillery and one battalion of 18-gun mountain artillery. All of them were 75-mm mountain artillery, and the regiment had a total of 54 guns.

Each division has about 20,000 officers and men, and the auxiliary troops can reach 24,000 in wartime.

Each main corps or combat-ready duty corps usually consists of 3 army divisions. The non-combat-ready duty regiments in the interior have only two army divisions. The Federal Army has three main corps, numbered 1st, 5th, and 6th.

The standard artillery division has two artillery brigades and one baggage brigade. Each division has 4 artillery regiments, and the regiment has jurisdiction over 3 battalions, 6 artillery companies with 6 guns, and each regiment has a total of 36 suppressed artillery pieces and 144 artillery pieces in the whole division. Usually a 105-mm light howitzer. According to the standard establishment, each corps has one artillery division, but only the main corps has an artillery division. There are a total of 5 artillery divisions in the whole army. Two belonged to independent divisions, and in wartime they belonged to a certain corps.

Independent army divisions, with regimental and higher establishments and regimental divisions. Below the regiment, the artillery regiment had one less artillery battalion, and the infantry regiment did not have a machine-gun company.

Separate heavy artillery brigade (deputy division level), 1st artillery regiment, 1st baggage brigade, armed with 36 150mm howitzers. Guns of this caliber were purchased from abroad, they were expensive, their number was small, and there were only two such brigades in the country. In wartime, it is attached to key units.

Independent mixed brigade (deputy division level), a special flexible formation of the White Ocean Federal Army. The composition of the mixed brigades also varies. Generally speaking, a mixed brigade has 2 to 3 infantry regiments, 1 to 1 cavalry company, 1 to 2 artillery battalions, and 1 company of engineers and baggage men. Mixed brigades usually have one or two battalions of 12 field guns (75mm) with 3 companies. The smaller ones have more than 6,000 officers and men, while the largest ones have more than 10,000 men, and it can be seen from the composition of the armed forces that the mixed brigade has the all-round functions of combat, combat support, and combat service support, and can independently undertake combat missions.

The Independent Tank Brigade, which is a professional tank combat unit of the White Ocean Federal Army and a tank unit that breaks through the breakthrough, is equipped with a light tank of the advanced level of the century imitated by the country. The brigade has one tank regiment, one infantry regiment, one maintenance brigade, one engineer brigade, and one baggage brigade. The tank regiment has two tank battalions, each battalion has 58 tanks, a battalion headquarters platoon of 7 tanks, and three companies with 17 tanks per company (5 vehicles in a platoon, 15 vehicles in a company, plus 2 tanks under the command of the company commander and deputy company commander), and the regiment is equipped with a total of 116 tanks. Imitation of the German establishment, it stands to reason that the theoretical level of armored warfare in the country at that time should not be lagging behind the Soviet Union and Germany.

Separate armored brigades with two armored regiments, one portable artillery battalion (75 field artillery pieces), three armored brigades per regiment, 6 armored squadrons. Each armored squadron has 5 heavy tanks, 6 officers and 170 soldiers. Plus a maintenance baggage regiment. 30 tanks in the brigade. At this time, it was actually known that the mechanized troops were coordinated by multiple arms.

Separate armored infantry brigade, two mounted infantry regiments, and one maintenance baggage battalion. Each regiment, two armored infantry battalions, 42 armored vehicles per battalion, 400 combat infantry; An armored brigade equipped with heavy tanks and two armored squadrons.

The above establishment of various units shows that the basic tactical units of the Baiyang Federal Army are in place, and even close to the level of the Soviet Army in World War II in terms of the tactical cognition of the combined tactics of some troops. In particular, the establishment of artillery divisions and heavy artillery brigades shows that the country's understanding and application of the doctrine of artillery is still very good.

It can be seen from the above infantry regiment-level grass-roots establishment that the Baiyang Federal Army attaches great importance to artillery, and small guns are assigned to the platoon, and the infantry regiments of independent divisions have to have small guns instead of heavy machine guns, and there are no machine guns in the firepower below the battalion level. Why are they all pinched?

Is it Li Zhongtang's sentence "too expensive"? Definitely not. However, it is true that heavy machine guns are more expensive than small guns, and light machine guns may also be a bit more expensive than 40mm small guns. The machine guns and machine guns are clattering, the bullet consumption is loud, and the money must be more. But it's by no means the reason why you can't afford to spend a lot of money.

In the eyes of the White Ocean Democratic Federation Army, the cannon is much better than the gun, and the small infantry cannon that can bombard the fire point of the pillbox is definitely stronger than the heavy machine gun that can only suppress the infantry. In addition, the White Ocean Democratic Federation was heavily armed with simplified Thomson submachine guns and large-caliber carbines, with two submachine guns per squad, and the rest were semi-automatic carbines, which did not lack automatic firepower. This imitation M1921 "Chicago typewriter" is commonly known as "submachine machine gun" and "portable machine gun" by the Chinese, and the platoon-level troops really do not need light machine guns for squads, and the heavy machine guns in the regiment even seem redundant. Because they believed that the heavy machine gun was a mere weapon, some field units even abolished the heavy machine gun company system.

Machine guns always play an important role in the war films made by domestic military blind directors, "Veterans are afraid of machine guns, and recruits are afraid of artillery." This so-called military maxim is also impressive, but here I tell you that artillery is the weapon that really dominates the battlefield. Figuratively speaking, a large-scale war (not a melee of a few stragglers, nor a special operation) is a war of artillery and heavy weapons. In his book The Secret History of World War I, the American scholar Meier said: "Artillery kills more people than small arms and air strikes, and more people than any other weapon, for the first time in human history, and possibly for the last." In the later stages of the war, the superiority of artillery was fully exploited, and the machine guns lost their effectiveness. Without artillery, the infantry could neither win in the offensive nor remain undefeated in the defense. As a result, a new mode of operation was formed, "artillery conquest, infantry occupation". The cannon became the spokesperson of the goddess of victory on the battlefield.

Compared with most countries at that time, the artillery of the White Ocean Democratic Federation Army was at least much more advanced in terms of organization, using an 18-gun artillery battalion that was rare in the world at that time (the artillery battalion of the White Ocean Federation Standing Army adopted an establishment of 3 companies and 6 guns per company). The 18-gun artillery battalion was more ferocious than the 12-gun artillery battalion commonly used by various countries at that time, and the firepower was more ferocious than the 12-gun artillery battalion in terms of the speed of firepower strike, especially the Xilu Imperial Army, which used 3 companies and 4 guns at that time. In particular, the hydraulic spring-loaded tube abdication rapid-fire gun (referred to as the retracted gun, which is almost the mode of modern artillery) is more prominent after a large number of Baiyang Federal Army is equipped.

In terms of specific weapons and equipment, the self-produced imitation German Krupp 75 mm guns account for a considerable proportion, the field guns of each unit are Krupp 75 mm gun series (Krupp original field guns, self-produced imitation Krupp field guns), and the mountain guns are Krupp 14 times 75 mm rear loading tube withdrawal series (imitation originals are available). Moreover, there is another point that is very commendable, the number of artillery equipment of each unit at that time, 54 mountain and field guns per division, is fully equipped, which is beyond the reach of any army in the entire Xilu Imperial Army.

There are only 72 Krupp 150mm heavy howitzers in the entire army, although there are not many, but they are used intensively in two brigades, and the lethality is indeed amazing. To this day, it is difficult for the armies of any country to withstand such firepower.

The infantry regimental level support fire of the White Ocean Federation Army used the light infantry guns that were popular at that time, and the artillery was ready to appear where it was needed. There was also artillery fire at the battalion and company levels, which was rare at the time.

What is even more interesting is that the Federal Army has tank units and mechanized infantry units above the regimental level. Her tanks can be regarded as intensively used, and there are also infantry in the establishment who are professionally responsible for fighting with tanks.

The separate tank brigade was fully armed with imitation German LKII. tanks.

The LKII. tank had a total combat weight of 8.5 tons, a crew of 3, one 57 mm gun or two 7.92 mm machine guns, and a power plant of the Daimler-Benz 5-cylinder gasoline engine with a maximum power of 60 hp (44.1 kW). The maximum speed of the tank is 16 km / h, the maximum range is 65 km. The hull is a steel plate riveted structure, and the maximum armor thickness is 14 mm. It is worth mentioning that some of the replica tanks were also equipped with radio stations, making them one of the first tanks in the world to be equipped with radio stations.

The tanks of the Armored Brigade and the Armored Infantry Brigade of the White Ocean Federation Army were all imitations of the Prussian A7V tanks and were improved. Each brigade is equipped with only one basic model of tanks, and the rest of the tanks are improved by this model, which is convenient for maintenance and logistical supply.

The basic weapon system of the A7V tank can be summarized as "one cannon and six guns". The main armament of the tank was a 57 mm low-velocity gun with a barrel length of 26.3 times the caliber of 1504 mm, and the total weight of the gun was 193 kg. The ammunition base of the shells was 180 rounds (later increased to 300 rounds!). It can be called another "world's best". The range of high and low firing of the artillery is ±20 degrees, and the range of directional fire is 40 degrees to the left and right. The muzzle velocity when firing the reduced charge projectile is 395 m/s, and the firing range is 4000 m; The muzzle velocity when firing a fully charged projectile is 487 m/s, and the maximum range is 6400 m.

The auxiliary armament is six "Maxim" 7.92 mm heavy machine guns, two on each side of the hull, two at the rear of the hull, and an ammunition base of 18,000 rounds, which are operated by a crew of 12 people. It may be said that the machine gun played the role of the main weapon at that time. Due to the "one cannon and six guns", its combined firepower performance was superior to that of the British Type I and Type IV tanks. The entire hull of the A7V tank is a riveted structure, however, it only uses ordinary steel plates, not armor steel plates, and its elastic resistance is average. The thickness of the foredeck was 30 mm, the thickness of the side decks was 15 mm, and the bottom armor was 6 mm. As a comparison, the armor thickness of the British Type I tank was only 6~12 mm, which was also an ordinary steel plate. It seems that the protection of the A7V is superior to that of the Type I tank. The A7V tank has strong firepower and good protection. During the fighting, there were incidents in which a British Type IV tank hit an A7V tank with 3 shells, but the A7V tank was able to continue fighting.

The White Ocean Federation was mainly armed with a modified version of this tank, the "three-gun top gun", three 57-mm guns with a rotating machine-gun turret on top. This product shows the importance that the White Ocean Federation Army attaches to artillery firepower, and the cannon is indeed more powerful than the machine gun.

In terms of the specific use of this weapon, the White Ocean Federation imitated the Prussians and organized the A7V tank into several tank squadrons, each tank squad has 5 tanks, 6 officers and 170 soldiers, 5 tanks and a company of infantry, and the infantry tanks work together. This is commendable. However, the infantry ratio is somewhat high.

In terms of light weapons, the Baiyang Federal Army is more advanced, and even has some popular weapon configuration concepts in contemporary armies.

Since the last rearmament, the whole army has tried its best to implement the same caliber standard, which in that era had the flavor of modern logistics system engineering. This does make it easier for ammunition manufacturers to make only two bullets of the same caliber, which has greatly reduced costs. The federation also abandoned the domestic production of pistol ammunition in smaller quantities, and domestic military factories only produced intermediate-power gun cartridges, which can be said to be the successful application of comparative economics in the field of military industry.

Heavy machine guns, all of which are 11.43mm large-caliber Maxim water-cooled types, use 11.43mm intermediate-power cartridges.

Individual rifle (more similar to a carbine), 11.43 mm, similar in shape to the M-1 carbine and its modifications, capable of semi-automatic fire, bursting in late models, using intermediate-power cartridges, effective range of 450 meters.

Light machine guns, not equipped, there are submachine guns and heavy machine guns, this cargo seems redundant. In order to facilitate the logistical supply, it was decisively saved.

The submachine gun is modeled after the 11.43mm Thompson submachine gun, but instead fires intermediate-power bullets. 40 or 100 rounds of drums for ammunition, the effective range of 350 meters, huge power.

The pistol, caliber 11.43mm, Browning high power, is the M1911 that is still in use today, using imported pistol cartridges.

The grenade is naturally an imitation of the M18 long-handled grenade, that is, the prestigious M-24.

The grenade is expensive and can't be thrown far, so there is no equipment.

Later, because the heavy machine gun was too cumbersome, inconvenient to march, expensive, complex structure and unsuitable for maintenance, and in the eyes of the federal army, the cost performance was far inferior to that of artillery, and many other reasons, most troops were reluctant to be equipped with heavy machine guns. In 98 of the B century, with the unanimous agreement of the Armament Department and the Establishment Department of the General Headquarters of the Federal Army, the formation of the regimental heavy machine gun company was abolished. This move conformed to the wishes of the officers and men at the grassroots level and reduced the expenditure on equipment procurement, and the whole army was very satisfied.

The infantry equipment seems to have been simplified too much, but on the whole it was still able to meet the operational needs of the time, and the logistics were very easy. Merchants are calculating, not to mention that the leader of this country is a businessman who has been doing business for thousands of years, and people know how to do more with less.