The emergence of the railway, completely changed the world, the history of shipping in the world, more than a thousand years, as early as the Bronze Age, there was a fleet across the ocean, in the era of geographical discoveries, maritime shipping has become the mainstream, but from that era, the speed of the ship, there is no substantial improvement, even in later generations, the speed of the warship has exceeded 35 knots, and even extreme times, can reach 40 knots of high speed under the premise, the average speed of the navy, will not exceed 15 knots. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

The railway is different, when the train was just born, the speed was more than ten or twenty kilometers, but with the improvement of technology, from steam locomotives, diesel locomotives, to electric locomotives, a series of improvements, the speed has exploded, the limit even exceeds 400 kilometers, basically can catch up with the plane, and even some of the limits will even exceed the speed of 500 kilometers, which is already the speed of land aircraft, the cruising speed of large passenger aircraft, that is, six or seven hundred kilometers.

Railway and maritime shipping, they are mainly focused on different, at sea, the ship can be 20,000 tons, 30,000 tons, 50,000 tons, 100,000 tons, the cost of transportation is extremely low, in the 21st century after 100 years, shipping is still a bulk item, the cheapest mode of transportation, compared with shipping, the carrying capacity of the railway, there is a limit, but the speed of the railway, I don't know how much higher than the sea.

Take shipping as an example, it is generally 10 knots to 12 knots of economic speed, converted, an hour is a little more than 20 kilometers, sea ships can travel 24 hours, in the middle of the night, often on the familiar channel, the speed is very slow, can not be faster, in the daytime, if you drive too fast, it is inevitable to hit the reef, at night, in addition to hitting the reef, deviate from the course, hit the island, or even icebergs and the like, such an unexpected situation does not know much, most of the time, open at night, The speed will also be reduced to a very low level, below the cruising speed, so that the speed of the day is not very fast.

The railway is different, although the construction of the railway, the investment is huge, it takes a long time to build, once completed, the entire railway line, no obstruction, whether it is day, or night, can be smooth traffic, take the 3B railway as an example, the use of diesel locomotives from China's highest-end, the maximum speed is more than 180 kilometers per hour, the average speed is also 120 kilometers, almost more than 6 times that of sea vessels, because there is no shelter on the railway, you can 24 hours of non-stop high-speed driving, so calculated, If the sea ships march during the day and rest at night, it is almost 12 times faster, and if they march at night, it is more than 8 times.

This kind of efficiency, in civilian use, is not too cost-effective, because the cost per unit mile is far above the sea transportation, in peacetime, maybe sea transportation is the best choice, in the war years, in addition to the cost, there is also an efficiency, which is very important. Besides, land transportation is really much higher than sea transportation, the control of China's railway operation map, can make the efficiency of 3B railway two or three times more is no problem, such efficiency, may not be as good as shipping, but it is also huge, the most important thing is safety.

Security is a very important issue, Germany's infinite submarine warfare, almost to close the whole of Britain, and the British fleet for Germany's closure, until now, Germany can not get support from the sea, if it is not for such a strong ally as China, just a sea closure, it is enough for Germany to lose most of its strength, the bigger the weaker, when the exchange ratio of the two sides, under the premise of about the same, not now Germany occupies an absolute advantage, Germany simply cannot fight from 1913 to the present.

The First World War in this era, fought far more tragic than in history, Germany's strength was enhanced to a terrible extent by China, at the end of World War I, and even to some extent, beyond the level of the First World War level of attack power, directly pressed the Entente to fight, to 1917, that is, the fourth year of the outbreak of the war, it can still ensure the exchange ratio of more than 1:3, so that the Entente has more huge human and economic resources, can not be successfully applied to the battlefield, the current situation in Europe, or Germany has the upper hand, And it is an absolute upper hand, suppressing the Entente in Bordeaux, and occupying millions of square kilometers of land in Russia, so that Germany's food self-sufficiency rate has reached more than 100%, not only to ensure the consumption of the whole country, but also to store a large amount of grain, just this point, it directly solves the possible instability in Germany, and the collapse caused by the food problem in the future no longer exists.

In this case, the 3B railway has always been safe, and even Italy, which was oppressed and rebelled by the Entente, did not affect the overall situation, from the 3B railway, on land, the Eurasian land bridge, basically in the area controlled by the Allies, needless to say, it is an absolutely safe place, China's huge territory and super strength, unless the war in the whole world is extinguished, and the Western world unites, it is possible to threaten China, and it is only a threat.

Persia and Central Asia, the former is the British sphere of influence, the latter is Russia's, but unfortunately these two countries, one has fallen into chaos, Russia's pressure on Germany, for China is almost equal to zero, Britain is too busy to take care of itself, as long as Turkey occupies the territory in the middle, unless there are great changes in Europe, so that the Entente has leisure to open up a second battlefield, otherwise, there is no threat to these.

Not to mention, the biggest difference between the railway and the sea route is to save the distance, on the sea route, except for the Atlantic route, most of the other routes, most of the detours, because most of the sea routes are along the coastline, as long as the coastline is extended, the sea route is impossible to save the distance, just take the Suez Canal, which runs through Europe and Asia, almost saves tens of thousands of kilometers from the Cape of Good Hope to pass, but it is still not straight. There are only a few areas of the Persian Gulf, which cross the Suez Canal to Turkey, and do not take much of a detour, and those who go to Western Europe are more or less detours, especially through the Strait of Gibraltar to Bordeaux, which almost bypasses the whole of Spain, and the distance is thousands of miles. I don't know how many similar twists and turns, take the Mediterranean, for example, from Greece to Marseille in France, you have to bypass many islands.

Sea routes, detours are inevitable, the role of sea routes, more is to melt unlimited, huge sea, can accommodate as much transport as possible, the restriction of transportation is not the ocean itself, but the number of ships, not like the railway, the restriction is the railway itself, even if the railway is improved, his carrying capacity is a limit, even if it is reduced, that is, the railway is full of carriages, and even in most cases, can not reach such a limit.

On the mainland, when building a railway, it may be a little detoured, some places that are not suitable for building railways, mountainous areas, or the Caspian Sea, the Black Sea and other huge water surfaces, must be bypassed, because these places, the railway can not be passed, but on the mainland, there is no coast, the mainland is so obstructed, the lake water surface is only a small part, so the construction of the railway, most of them are straight, just from China to the bay, even if not to mention the distance from China to the sea, even from the sea, It will also bypass the entire Southeast Asia and the South Asian subcontinent, and the distance traveled around may be counted in thousands of miles.

The Eurasian land bridge itself, also in China's vision, after Turkey sent a request, China will demonstrate the project, although there is no too detailed investigation report, but the basic distance is there, now China's domestic railway line, in Central Asia and 3B railway link, can not be said to be the nearest road on the land bridge, but it will not exceed 13,000 kilometers, but the sea voyage, even if it is from Shanghai, the sea ship to Europe, at least more than 13,000 nautical miles, this is more than 80%, This saves a lot of time and travel.

At least is more than 8,000 kilometers of savings, even if it is just a ship, can save at least twice the time, not to mention from the ship to the railway, on the railway, can really be 24 hours non-stop, and even reasonable design, the driver can also change shifts, each can maintain vigorous energy, from beginning to end, is the best state, the city on the land, is an important node of the railway, or add water and coal, or rest and transfer, even the locomotive can be changed, Not to mention the driver.

This is completely different from shipping, no matter how many people are at sea, a voyage, almost can not be replaced, most of them are all out, all go back, modern times are a little better, similar to when Columbus discovered the New World, a ship drifted on the sea for several months, scurvy died I don't know, the vast sea, no village in front, no shop in the back, and the land is completely incomparable.

On land, every 50 kilometers, you can set up a station, about 500 kilometers, you can set up a road bureau, a road bureau only controls the distance of a few hundred kilometers, so that the possibility of problems is the lowest, and even any danger can be dealt with.

At a critical moment, the role that the railway can play is irreplaceable at sea, for example, when the rescue is urgently needed, the ship is still floating on the water, even in the eighties and nineties of the 20th century, modern ships, from China to Europe, it takes at least 3 months, warships move forward at high speed, this is not the way that merchant ships should choose, warships can afford, but ordinary merchant ships can not bear such a high speed, not to mention whether it can be achieved, just an economy, it is enough to veto all this, In this case, the freight of the train is a little higher than that of the ship, but with the consideration of time cost, the high-speed train, in the era of war, under the premise that every second counts, the practicality is above the sea transportation, and the safety performance alone will be completely destroyed by shipping, which are all parts that must be considered.