Under the same moonlight, there was also a group of people who had the same doubts and annoyances as Tao Chengzhang, that is, a large number of Huaxing members who sneaked to Shanghai after the failure of the Changsha Uprising and prepared to go east to Japan. Pen "Fun" Pavilion www.biquge.info

Historically, Huaxing was the first regional bourgeois revolutionary organization established in Chinese mainland and opened the "pioneer of the revolution in Chinese mainland." This is different from the Xingzhong Association that first starts from abroad and then penetrates and develops domestically.

In May 1903 (the 29th year of Guangxu), Huang Xing returned from Japan as an athlete of the Military National Education Association. He first went to Shanghai and got acquainted with a large number of new-school people, including Zhang Shizhao, a native of Changsha, the editor-in-chief of the "Su Bao". Later, he returned to Changsha, Hunan Province and was hired as a teacher at Mingde School. A few months later, in the name of celebrating his birthday, he gathered Song Jiaoren, Liu Kuiyi, Zhou Zhenlan, Weng Gong, Qin Yuliu, Liu Pinong, Liu Jizhong, Hu Ying, Xu Fosu, etc., to hold a secret meeting at Peng Yuanxun's house in Baojia Lane, Changsha, and established an anti-Qing revolutionary group called Huaxing Society.

With the efforts of Huang Xing and others, as well as their excellent organizational skills, Huaxing Association quickly established a fairly large but not strict organizational system, and the vast majority of its members were progressive intellectuals who had returned from studying in Japan or had dropped out of domestic schools. Huang Xing and others also enlisted the cooperation of Ma Fuyi (a native of Liling County), the leader of the Hunan Elders' Association, and set up a liaison association with the party's peripheral organs, forming the basic contingent of the Huaxing Association.

As the Huaxing Society grew in size and the number of participants increased rapidly, its leaders began to plan an armed uprising, preparing to attack at the right time. In the end, the plan for the Changsha uprising was jointly discussed, and it was decided that the incident would start when the Empress Dowager Cixi celebrated her 70th birthday and the civil and military officials of Hunan gathered in the Five Emperors Hall of Wanshou Palace, the provincial capital. In the provincial capital, students from the military academy are the mainstay, and the new army and patrol battalions are contacted to respond; Outside the provincial capital, the Elders' Association responded by dividing troops into five routes and marched to Changsha.

During the Mid-Autumn Festival in the eighth month of the lunar calendar, the cattle and horse trade fair in Puji City, Liuyang is very lively. Liu Kuiyi was appointed by Huang Xing to preside over a solemn ceremony here, officially conferred the title of major general on Ma Fuyi, and awarded Ma Fuyi 20 guns, 40 pistols, and 40 horses. At that time, the crowd was overwhelming, and everyone was extremely excited, and it was agreed that they would only wait for a large number of ordnance to arrive in Shanghai, that is, to revolt in advance.

However, with such a big movement, and a large number of party members gathering in Changsha, the rumors of the uprising have been detected by the authorities. The authorities immediately began to investigate and arrest Huaxinghui. Suddenly, the city of Changsha rode out in all directions, and it was terrifying. Ma Fuyi fled to Xiangxi, and a large number of members of the Huaxing Association went to Shanghai in disguise.

At the beginning of the establishment of the Huaxing Association, Huang Xing and others invited Zhang Shizhao. However, Zhang Shizhao was already a member of the Revival Association at that time, and based on the principle of confidentiality, he could only politely refuse the letter. When Huang Xing and others came to Shanghai, Zhang Shizhao asked for instructions from the organization, and only then did he report his identity and carry out the work of fighting for it.

Compared with the relatively complete political program and organizational norms of the Revival Society, the Huaxing Society has shown very shortcomings. For example, the Huaxing Society's proposition is mainly to "expel the Tatars and restore China", but there is no detailed and clear political program; With the slogan of "concentric and face-to-face", the meaning of extinguishing the Manchu Qing Dynasty is stronger, but it lacks the thinking about the national road later.

If you look at the rigor of the organization, Huaxing will be even worse, and there will be more revival. Although it is only a peep in the tube now, the people of the Huaxing Association also see that the Revival Association has a great influence in Shanghai, and they are even more cautious about outsiders joining in. But unlike them, although the expansion is fast, it is also defeated by the mixture of fish and dragons. If it is not for the scum of the party, if it is not for the fact that the incident is too ostentatious, if the reflection after the defeat is certain, especially if there is a counterpoint - the revival meeting, it is even more so.

"Driving out the Tartars sounds like a lot of momentum, but it includes all the Manchurians, and the blow is too wide. What is even more serious is that it is easy for Japan and Russia to find a pretext for their invasion and occupation of Manchuria. Manchuria was under the influence of Japan and Russia, Mongolia was within the scope of the Russians, and Tibet had almost become the property of the British. If we want to rejuvenate the Chinese nation, we must take a long-term view and take into account both the present and the future. Zhang Shizhao patiently explained: "If it is only for the revolution and for the sake of happiness, but the country is in danger of being divided, wouldn't you become a sinner for the ages?" ”

"I understand a little bit of the idea of being strict." Song Jiaoren added: "What he means is that the overthrow of the Manchus is only a means, not our ultimate goal, and our ultimate goal is to make China rich and strong, so that the Chinese nation can rise again." ”

"Dull Chu is right." Zhang Shizhao nodded and said: "What we want to overthrow is the feudal rule of the Manchu aristocracy, and only after an accurate definition can we have a clear goal." However, the current revolution is no longer a banner rebellion in the feudal era, and if it is widely publicized, it will inevitably be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and will be easily difficult to change. We were determined to overthrow the Qing regime in order to save the peril, and if we killed them at will, even women and children would be inevitable. This act of thugs is not only opposed by the international community, but will certainly provoke racial hatred and facilitate the division of the mob by the great powers. ”

"Manchuria is also the solid land of my China?" Huang Xing frowned, this really can't be blamed on him, at that time, many people did not identify the border as the land of China, even the revolutionary Beichen was no exception, Huang Xing also called for "all the seeds of Yan and Huang, it is urgent to rise up and survive, and swear to drive the Tartars out of the customs."

Exiting the customs, that is, expelling the Manchurians from Shanhaiguan is a victory. This idea is very common, based on the political system of the 18 provinces in the interior, which remained largely unchanged for more than 200 years from the Kangxi to Guangxu periods. The boundary is mainly the Great Wall, excluding the three northeastern provinces and other regions such as Xinjiang, Inner and Outer Mongolia, Qinghai, and Tibet.

It can be said that on the question of the territory of the establishment of the Republic of China in the future, the Fuxing Society has already advanced other revolutionary groups in terms of strategic vision and thinking, and it is very different from the perception of most revolutionaries.