Bourbon Empire/First Republic of Paris

(1) Bourbon Imperial Army

According to the regulations on the establishment of the standing army of the Bourbon Imperial Army in the 05th edition of the C century, the Bourbon Imperial Army takes the corps as an independent campaign cluster, and the basic strategic unit of the army is the army-level establishment. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 The INFO Corps is composed of different types and numbers of divisions according to the mission and the area in which it is stationed.

The corps is under the jurisdiction of two infantry divisions, one regiment of cavalry and one artillery regiment, and one battalion of engineer and baggage troops.

Among them, each infantry division has three infantry regiments, two battalions of 3 companies and 18 75 mm rapid-fire field guns, and other supporting auxiliary units.

infantry regiments, each with 3 infantry battalions, 1 machine gun company (8 12.7 mm Maxine automatic water-cooled heavy machine guns), 1 recoilless gun company (8 60 mm shoulder rocket launchers, similar to single-shot rocket launchers, but with significantly stronger muzzle velocity than the "anti-tank ping-pong" bazooka); Each battalion has four infantry companies, and the company has three infantry platoons. Each platoon has three infantry squads, another recoilless gun squad (one 60mm recoilless gun), and a machine gun squad equipped with two 7.62mm light machine guns. The infantry squad is also ultra-luxurious in terms of automatic firepower, although there are no light machine guns, there are at least four 11.43mm Thomson submachine guns, four 11.43mm automatic carbines, and the rest are 7.62mm rifles. Due to the strong firepower at the company and platoon level, and in order to facilitate rapid action, there is no heavy machine-gun firepower below the battalion level. The regiment numbered about 2,700 officers and men.

Cavalry regiments are divided into two types, A and B, with 6 cavalry companies and 4 cavalry companies, depending on the situation at the station. The regiment has a total of 672 combat soldiers, 447 miscellaneous soldiers, 81 reserve soldiers, and 792 war horses. The B regiment accounted for the vast majority, with 448 combat soldiers and 528 horses in each regiment. Each regiment is a pure field shock cavalry regiment, without heavy weapons, the cavalry is equipped with 11.43mm carbines and submachine guns, which can perform reconnaissance and escort missions or assault missions on enemy positions, but have no independent attack ability.

The artillery regiment of the military artillery regiment has two battalions of 18-gun field cannon and one battalion of 18-gun howitzers. All were 120 mm caliber guns, and the regiment had a total of 54 guns.

At full strength, there are about 30,000 officers and men in each officer, and in wartime, there are more than 40,000 auxiliary troops.

Each main corps or non-main corps on combat readiness duty usually consists of 3 army divisions. The non-combat-ready duty regiments in the interior have only two army divisions. The Bourbon Imperial Army had two main corps, numbered the First Army and the Sixth Army. There are a total of 8 corps within the entire army standing force establishment.

The standard artillery division has two artillery brigades and one baggage brigade. Each division has 4 artillery regiments, and the regiment has jurisdiction over 3 battalions, 6 artillery companies with 6 guns, and each regiment has a total of 36 suppressed artillery pieces and 144 artillery pieces in the whole division. Usually a 155-mm rapid-fire howitzer. According to the standard establishment, each corps has an artillery division, and in order to save money, usually only the main corps has an artillery division, and the artillery divisions of the rest of the corps are then transferred to subordinates in wartime. There are a total of 5 artillery divisions in the whole army. Two belonged to independent divisions, and in wartime they belonged to a certain corps.

Independent army divisions, with regimental and higher establishments and regimental divisions. Below the regiment, the artillery regiment had one less artillery battalion, and the infantry regiment did not have a machine-gun company.

The Independent Heavy Howitzer Brigade, also known as the Siege Howitzer Brigade (deputy division level), is an artillery regiment and a baggage brigade, equipped with 36 305mm heavy siege howitzers. This caliber artillery was purchased from abroad, the price was expensive, and the number was small, and there were only two such brigades in the country, and they were attached to key units in wartime.

Separate mixed brigade (deputy division level), a special flexible formation of the Bourbon Imperial Army. Most of the aristocratic private armies were formed by this kind of troops, and their establishment was also very different. The composition of the mixed brigades also varies. Generally speaking, a mixed brigade has 2 to 3 infantry regiments, 1 to 1 cavalry company, 1 to 2 artillery battalions, and 1 company of engineers and baggage men. Mixed brigades usually have one or two battalions of 12 field guns (75mm) with 3 companies. The smaller ones have more than 6,000 officers and men, while the largest ones have more than 10,000 men, and it can be seen from the composition of the armed forces that the mixed brigade has the all-round functions of combat, combat support, and combat service support, and can independently undertake combat missions.

The Independent Tank Brigade, which was a specialized tank combat unit of the Bourbon Imperial Army and a tank unit that broke through the breach, was equipped with a light tank of the advanced level of the century that was imitated by the country. The brigade has one tank regiment, one infantry regiment, one maintenance brigade, one engineer brigade, and one baggage brigade. The tank regiment has two tank battalions, each battalion has 58 tanks, a battalion headquarters platoon of 7 tanks, and three companies with 17 tanks per company (5 vehicles in a platoon, 15 vehicles in a company, plus 2 tanks under the command of the company commander and deputy company commander), and the regiment is equipped with a total of 116 tanks. Imitation of the German establishment, it stands to reason that the theoretical level of armored warfare in the country at that time should not be lagging behind the Soviet Union and Germany.

Separate armored brigades with two armored regiments, one portable artillery battalion (75 field artillery pieces), three armored brigades per regiment, 6 armored squadrons. Each armored squadron has 5 heavy tanks, 6 officers and 170 soldiers. Plus a maintenance baggage regiment. 30 tanks in the brigade. At this time, it was actually known that the mechanized troops were coordinated by multiple arms.

Separate armored infantry brigade, two mounted infantry regiments, and one maintenance baggage battalion. Each regiment, two armored infantry battalions, 42 armored vehicles per battalion, 400 combat infantry; An armored brigade equipped with heavy tanks and two armored squadrons.

Both the local armies and the regular royal armies, which were the private armies of the nobility, had some armoured units.

The above establishment of various units shows that the basic tactical units of the Bourbon Imperial Army are in place, and even close to the level of the Soviet Army in World War II in terms of the tactical cognition of the combined arms of some troops. In particular, the establishment of artillery divisions and heavy artillery brigades shows that the country's understanding of the concept of artillery doctrine and its application of artillery in field battles are still very good. It can also be seen from the above-level infantry regiment below the grass-roots level that the Bourbon Imperial Army attaches great importance to artillery, and the artillery in the establishment is allocated to the infantry platoon level, and the infantry regiments of independent divisions must have artillery instead of heavy machine guns.

There are no heavy machine guns in the firepower below the battalion level, which is the only one among the world's great powers, which seems to have some Bourbon characteristics. Why pinch? Is it Li Zhongtang's sentence "too expensive"? Definitely not. However, heavy machine guns are indeed more expensive than recoilless guns, and even light machine guns may be more expensive than 60mm recoilless guns. The machine guns and machine guns are clattering, the bullet consumption is loud, and the money must be more. But by no means the reason why you can't afford it or spend too much money. (Dear, it's not me to tell you, the machine gun is really more expensive than the small-caliber recoilless gun, the gun is a seamless steel tube plus sights and bolts, but the structure of the machine gun is complicated, the number of man-hours and the yield are more than the small gun, and the steel used is better than the small gun.) In addition, small munitions are mainly the cost of man-hours, and that bit of steel is really not worth much. ）

In the eyes of the Imperial Army and the Army's General Armament Department, artillery was much better than guns, and portable infantry recoilless guns that could knock out pillbox firepower points were definitely better than heavy machine guns that could only suppress enemy infantry. In addition, the infantry squad is heavily equipped with a simplified version of the Thomson submachine gun and a large-caliber carbine, with four submachine guns per squad and four semi-automatic carbines, which is really not lacking in automatic firepower. This imitation M1921 "Chicago typewriter" is commonly known as "submachine machine gun" and "portable machine gun" by the Chinese, and the platoon-level troops really do not need light machine guns for squads, and the heavy machine guns in the regiment even seem redundant. Because they believed that the heavy machine gun was a pure weapon, some field units even abolished the formation of a heavy machine gun company under an infantry regiment. Later, because the heavy machine gun was too cumbersome, inconvenient to march, expensive, complex structure and unsuitable for maintenance, and in the eyes of the federal army, the cost performance was far inferior to that of artillery, and many other reasons, most troops were reluctant to be equipped with heavy machine guns. In the 12th year of the C century, with the unanimous consent of the Armament Department and the Establishment Department of the General Headquarters of the Federal Army, the formation of the regimental heavy machine gun company was abolished. This move conformed to the wishes of the officers and men at the grassroots level and reduced the expenditure on equipment procurement, and the whole army was very satisfied.

Machine guns always play an important role in the war films made by domestic military blind directors, "Veterans are afraid of machine guns, and recruits are afraid of artillery." This so-called military maxim is also impressive, but here I tell you that artillery is the weapon that really dominates the battlefield. Figuratively speaking, a large-scale war (not a melee of a few stragglers, nor a special operation) is a war of artillery and heavy weapons. In his book The Secret History of the First World War, the American scholar Meyer said: "For the first time in human history, and probably for the last, artillery kills more people than light weapons and air raids, and to be exact, more people are killed by artillery than any other weapon combined." In the later stages of the war, the superiority of artillery was fully exploited, and the machine guns lost their effectiveness. Without artillery, the infantry could neither win in the offensive nor remain undefeated in the defense. As a result, a new mode of operation was formed, "artillery conquest, infantry occupation". The cannon became the spokesperson of the goddess of victory on the battlefield. This situation continued until the Goryeo stick war in the 50s on the Kim family peninsula.

The Bourbon Imperial Army was basically on par with most advanced countries at that time in terms of artillery equipment. However, it is necessary to be advanced in actual combat artillery tactics and in the establishment of artillery weapons at the grassroots level. Infantry regimental support fire used the light infantry guns that were popular at the time, and the artillery was always available where it was needed. There was also artillery fire at the battalion and company levels, which was rare at the time. The artillery has been deployed to the platoon level, and the corresponding tactics of attacking and assault artillery fire destruction and positional defense artillery fire support have been formulated, which is indeed more than 20 years ahead of other major powers.

In terms of specific weapons and equipment, the self-produced imitation German Krupp 75 mm guns account for a considerable proportion, the field guns of each unit are Krupp 75 mm gun series (Krupp original field guns, self-produced imitation Krupp field guns), and the mountain guns are Krupp 14 times 75 mm rear loading tube withdrawal series (imitation originals are available). And it is also very commendable that the number of artillery equipment of each unit at that time was 54 mountain and field guns per division. It is worth mentioning. All of these guns are hydraulic spring-barreled abdicated rapid-fire guns (referred to as recital guns, which are almost all models of modern artillery), and a large number of such guns are equipped with this kind of artillery, making the field artillery fire of the Imperial Army more powerful. This is beyond the reach of most army artillery units of the armies of the vast majority of other countries.

There are only 72 Krupp 305 mm siege howitzers in the entire army, although they are not much, but they are used intensively in two brigades, and the lethality is indeed amazing, and it can completely realize the devastating artillery bombardment of strong fortresses. To this day, it is difficult for the armies of any country to withstand such firepower.

What attracts even more attention is that the Imperial Army has built up a number of tank units and mechanized infantry units above the regimental level. Her tanks can be regarded as intensively used, and there are also infantry in the establishment who are professionally responsible for fighting with tanks.

The separate tank brigade was fully armed with imitation German LKII. tanks.

The LKII. tank had a combat weight of 8.5 tons, a crew of 3 people, one 57 mm gun or two 7.62 mm machine guns, and a 5-cylinder gasoline engine of the Daimler-Benz type with a maximum power of 60 hp (44.1 kW). The maximum speed of the tank is 16 km / h, the maximum range is 65 km. The hull is a steel plate riveted structure, and the maximum armor thickness is 14 mm. It is worth mentioning that some of the replica tanks were also equipped with radio stations, making them one of the first tanks in the world to be equipped with radio stations.

The tanks of the Bourbon Imperial Army's armored brigade and armored infantry brigade were all imitations of Prussian A7V tanks and improved ones. Each brigade is equipped with only one basic model of tanks, and the rest of the tanks are improved by this model, which is convenient for maintenance and logistical supply.

The basic weapon system of the A7V tank can be summarized as "one cannon and six guns". The main armament of the tank was a 57 mm low-velocity gun with a barrel length of 26.3 times the caliber of 1504 mm, and the total weight of the gun was 193 kg. The ammunition base of the shells was 180 rounds (later increased to 300 rounds!). It can be called another "world's best". The range of high and low firing of the artillery is ±20 degrees, and the range of directional fire is 40 degrees to the left and right. The muzzle velocity when firing the reduced charge projectile is 395 m/s, and the firing range is 4000 m; The muzzle velocity when firing a fully charged projectile is 487 m/s, and the maximum range is 6400 m.

The auxiliary armament is six "Maxim" 7.92 mm heavy machine guns, two on each side of the hull, two at the rear of the hull, and an ammunition base of 18,000 rounds, which are operated by a crew of 12 people. It may be said that the machine gun played the role of the main weapon at that time. Due to the "one cannon and six guns", its combined firepower performance was superior to that of the British Type I and Type IV tanks. The entire hull of the A7V tank is a riveted structure, however, it only uses ordinary steel plates, not armor steel plates, and its elastic resistance is average. The thickness of the foredeck was 30 mm, the thickness of the side decks was 15 mm, and the bottom armor was 6 mm. As a comparison, the armor thickness of the British Type I tank was only 6~12 mm, which was also an ordinary steel plate. It seems that the protection of the A7V is superior to that of the Type I tank. The A7V tank has strong firepower and good protection. During the fighting, there were incidents in which a British Type IV tank hit an A7V tank with 3 shells, but the A7V tank was able to continue fighting.

The Bourbon Empire was mainly armed with a modification of this tank, the "three-gun top gun", three 57-mm guns with a rotating machine-gun turret on top. This product shows the importance that the Bourbon Imperial Army attached to artillery firepower, and the cannon was indeed more powerful than the machine gun.

In terms of the specific use of this weapon, the Imperial Army imitated the Prussians and organized the A7V tank into several tank squadrons, each tank squad had 5 tanks, 6 officers and 170 soldiers, 5 tanks and a company of infantry, and the infantry tanks fought together. This is commendable. However, the infantry ratio is somewhat high.

In terms of light weapons, the military concept of the Bourbon Imperial Army seems to be more advanced, and there are even some commandos mixed weapon configuration concepts that are popular among the special forces of the contemporary army.

At that time, various countries demanded that the whole army try to implement the same caliber standard or that all the light weapons of the grass-roots units be equipped with a certain gun family, which was mainly based on the engineering science of the modern military logistics system, simplifying the logistics supply and improving the reliability coefficient of support. This model also does provide convenience for logistics supply and ammunition manufacturers, who only need to supply a large number of bullets of the same caliber type, which has greatly reduced costs and improved efficiency. However, the wealthy Bourbon Empire is not bad for money, and the firepower configuration of the infantry squad is quite similar to that of modern special forces, and it really uses modern skirmisher assault tactics, and it is precisely for this reason that the heavy squad machine guns are abandoned. Infantry squad, 12 men, standard firepower: four submachine guns, four carbines, four single-shot rifles, and one 11.43mm individual self-defense pistol per soldier. Infantry squads, armed only with light machine guns and rifles, to engage such troops at close and medium range is an absolute disaster. And in close-quarters encounters and ambushes, a squad of this firepower configuration is enough to suppress an infantry platoon with only rifles and machine guns.

Specific weapons:

Heavy machine gun, 12.7mm large-caliber Maxim principle water-cooled, using 12.7mm high-power bullets.

Individual rifle, 7.62 mm, similar in shape and principle to the Springfield rifle and its modifications.

The carbine, similar to the American-made M-1 carbine, is commonly known as the "Big Eight Grain" in the domestic army, which can shoot semi-automatically, and the later model can fire continuously, using intermediate power bullets, with an effective range of 450 meters.

Light machine guns, Madson Madsen, the best light machine gun sold in the world, has been sold since 1907 and is still available today. This gun is complete in various calibers, this one is 7.62mm.

The submachine gun, an imitation of the 11.43mm Thompson submachine gun, fires 11.43mm high-power pistol rounds. 40 or 100 rounds of drums for close combat. Effective range, 200m, muzzle kinetic energy 569J, the police uncle will definitely come to confiscate.

The pistol, caliber 11.43mm, is similar to the weight-reduced version of Browning's high-power, with a magazine feed, 7-round capacity, using Colt high-power pistol cartridges, one shot down, unlike the 64 toy gun, Ali Baba was shot three times without falling, rushing up to cut down the Han police.

The grenade is naturally an imitation of the M18 long-handled grenade, that is, the prestigious M-24. (The grenade is not allowed to be thrown far away, and the price is super expensive, so there is no equipment.) ）