Since 1935, the units of the Japanese Kwantung Army stationed in Hailar and the Hung Yen cavalry units have been constantly provoking the Sino-Mongolian border under the pretext of the "border" issue left over from history, in order to test the military strength of the Soviet Union and Mongolia. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 From January 1935 to October 1938, there were a number of military conflicts, which gradually escalated in scale. On March 30, 1936, 1,500 people from various detachments of the Japanese Kwantung Army invaded the Adagdoran region in Mongolia with 50 cars, 12 armored vehicles, and 4 tanks, and were routed by the Soviet and Mongolian troops. On March 12 of the same year, the Soviet Union and Mongolia signed a mutual assistance agreement to continuously strengthen border defense. In July 1938, the 23rd Division of the Japanese Kwantung Army marched into Hailar. In October of the same year, the 57th Special Army of the Soviet-Mongolian Far Eastern Army entered Mongolia and garrisoned it, and the two sides negotiated an armistice agreement.

In the blink of an eye, in 1920, the Anhui warlord Duan Qirui stepped down, and Outer Mongolia also entered a state of chaos. The Tsarist Engean white bandits, who were driven to Outer Mongolia by the Soviet Russian Red Army, colluded with the upper princes of Outer Mongolia to attack the Chinese garrison. Outnumbered, the Chinese garrison was forced to evacuate Kulen (present-day Ulaanbaatar), some returning to the interior and some to the city of Bumai in preparation for another battle.

Suhebaatar and Choibalsan, who were poor herders, formed the Mongolian-Mongolian People's Party. In 1921, the troops of the Mongolian People's Party, with the assistance of a large amount of weapons and equipment from Soviet Russia, began to attack the Chinese army in the city. The Chinese army was paralyzed and defeated and forced to withdraw from the city. Since then, the Chinese army has not entered Outer Mongolia.

On March 19, 1921, the "Provisional People's Government of Mongolia" under the leadership of the Mongolian People's Party was announced. This was in opposition to the Mongol upper princes and the Engern gang in Kulen. Due to the huge disparity in strength, the Mongolian People's Party decided to invite the Soviet Red Army into Mongolia to participate in the war. In May 1921, the Soviet Red Army entered Outer Mongolia and defeated the Engern gang outside the city of Maimai, saving the Mongolian People's Army from danger. Immediately in July, Kulen was captured. On July 10, the Mongolian princes and the Mongolian People's Party jointly formed the "Mongolian People's Revolutionary Government".

When the news of Outer Mongolia's declaration of "independence" and the establishment of "Mongolia" reached the interior, public opinion was in an uproar for a time, and various nongovernmental organizations and democratic parties in the country issued declarations one after another, opposing the perverse actions of the Mongolian princes and nobles to split the motherland and condemning Soviet Russia's armed occupation of Outer Mongolia in China.

Cao Kun and Wu Peifu, the real power figures in the Beijing government, have long been very annoyed with the independence of Outer Mongolia. Zhang Zuolin in the northeast also scolded the Russians and was extremely indignant at the "independence" of Outer Mongolia. On the spur of the moment, he was ready to send troops to Mongolia to settle the dispute with force. However, due to the civil war, Zhang Zuolin was afraid that Cao Kun and Wu Peifu would take the opportunity to send troops to the Northeast, and did not dare to act rashly towards Outer Mongolia. Cao and Wu in Beijing had to deal with Zhang Zuolin in the north and warlords from other provinces in the south, for fear that sending troops to Mongolia would lose their real power in the Beijing government, so they had no choice but to watch the fire from the other side. As a form of diplomacy, the Beijing government issued a sternly worded statement condemning Outer Mongolia's attempts to split the Republic of China and not recognizing Outer Mongolia's "independence."

Since then, however, the Soviet Red Army has remained in Outer Mongolia. During this period, the upper Mongol princes, who had been deprived of their power under the control of Soviet Russia, began to wake up, regretted their rebellion against China, and fled to China to demand that troops be sent to reclaim Mongolian sovereignty and drive out the Russians. However, the Soviet Union continued to increase the size of its troops in Mongolia and thwarted China's efforts to reclaim sovereignty over Outer Mongolia. China in the midst of civil strife has also lost the opportunity to regain Mongolian sovereignty again and again.

From May 4 to September 16, 1939, a "Manchurian" border war broke out in the Nomenkan Buzhide area in the territory of the Left Banner of the New Balhu and on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of the Haraha River in Mongolia that shocked the world, that is, the large-scale military conflict between Japan and the puppet Manchukuo and the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic - the Battle of Nomenkan. The armies of Japan and the Soviet Union fought on behalf of the "puppet state of Manchukuo" and the "state of Mongolia" respectively (the Soviet-Mongolian coalition led by Marshal Zhukov of the Soviet Union and Marshal Choibalshan of the Mongolian People's Republic). The battle lasted 135 days, during which both sides committed more than 200,000 soldiers, more than 500 artillery pieces, 900 aircraft, and 1,000 tanks and armored vehicles, killing more than 60,000 people. The result of the battle ended in a crushing victory for the Soviets and a crushing defeat for the Japanese army, in which Lieutenant General Ogasawara of the Japanese 23rd Division committed suicide due to rash actions that led to the war.

From May 4 to September 16, 1939, a "Manchurian" border war broke out in the Nomenkan Buzhide area in the territory of the Left Banner of the New Balhu and on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of the Haraha River in Mongolia that shocked the world, that is, the large-scale military conflict between Japan and the puppet Manchukuo and the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic - the Battle of Nomenkan. The armies of Japan and the Soviet Union fought on behalf of the "puppet state of Manchukuo" and the "state of Mongolia" respectively (the Soviet-Mongolian coalition led by Marshal Zhukov of the Soviet Union and Marshal Choibalshan of the Mongolian People's Republic). The battle lasted 135 days, during which both sides committed more than 200,000 soldiers, more than 500 artillery pieces, 900 aircraft, and 1,000 tanks and armored vehicles, killing more than 60,000 people. The result of the battle ended in a crushing victory for the Soviets and a crushing defeat for the Japanese army, in which Lieutenant General Ogasawara of the Japanese 23rd Division committed suicide due to rash actions that led to the war.

From May 4 to September 16, 1939, a "Manchurian" border war broke out in the Nomenkan Buzhide area in the territory of the Left Banner of the New Balhu and on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of the Haraha River in Mongolia that shocked the world, that is, the large-scale military conflict between Japan and the puppet Manchukuo and the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic - the Battle of Nomenkan. The armies of Japan and the Soviet Union fought on behalf of the "puppet state of Manchukuo" and the "state of Mongolia" respectively (the Soviet-Mongolian coalition led by Marshal Zhukov of the Soviet Union and Marshal Choibalshan of the Mongolian People's Republic). The battle lasted 135 days, during which both sides committed more than 200,000 soldiers, more than 500 artillery pieces, 900 aircraft, and 1,000 tanks and armored vehicles, killing more than 60,000 people. The result of the battle ended in a crushing victory for the Soviets and a crushing defeat for the Japanese army, in which Lieutenant General Ogasawara of the Japanese 23rd Division committed suicide due to rash actions that led to the war.

After the establishment of the Mongolian People's Republic, in 1929, he returned from the Soviet Union. He led the establishment of the Mongolian Comprehensive Military School, the first higher military academy of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army, and served as its principal and political commissar to train senior commanders for the People's Revolutionary Army. Efforts were made to transform the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army into a regular army. In April 1930, he was appointed Chairman of the Mongolian Revolutionary Military Committee. In 1932, he successively served as Minister of the Military Department of the Mongolian People's Republic, Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Army, and Chairman of the Revolutionary Military Committee. In 1934, he was elected as a member of the Presidium of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. In March 1935, he was appointed Second Deputy Chairman of the People's Committee of the Mongolian People's Republic. He assisted the Red Army of the Soviet Red Army in smashing the Japanese provocation against Mongolia, defended the borders of Mongolia, and contributed to strengthening the defense of the Mongolian People's Republic. In 1936, the first batch was awarded the rank of Marshal of the Mongolian People's Republic. He has been awarded many medals of the Order of the Mongolian People's Republic and foreign medals. Demid formed a political bloc with the chairman of the Council of Ministers, Boljid Genden, and advocated a policy of appeasement towards militaristic Japan, which coveted Mongol territory, and a change from its policy of political open alliance with the socialist Soviet Union. As a result, principled differences on the political line were formed with the forces in the Mongolian Party headed by Marshal Hollo Choibalsan, First Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of the Interior, who adhered to the Marxist-Leninist political-military line. His relationship with Soviet Marshals Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky and Vasily Konstantinovich Blyukhel, who were dealt with during the Soviet purge, was also questioned.

In July 1936, Marshal Choibalsan was aware of it and reminded the whole Party accordingly: "Japanese power has affected some of our senior cadres. We must heighten our vigilance to prevent the conspiracy of these people and the determination to disintegrate the people's army and the people's government. "We decided: to ask the Soviet government to disclose the fact of the garrison and to send additional troops to Mongolia to help resist the Japanese armed aggression that was brewing."

In the same year, the Ministry of the Interior of the Mongolian People's Republic cracked down on an anti-government lama organization headed by Yao Si and Dong Hanbao, abbots of the monasteries in the capital Ulaanbaatar, and the abbots of 48 major monasteries in the country, which had more than 2,000 upper-class lamas. After investigation, Genden and Demid had close ties with Yao and Dong. Demid and Genden were arrested. After interrogation, the two confessed to the crime of secretly associating with Japanese spies and hoping to establish long-term friendly relations with Japan.

From May 4 to September 16, 1939, a "Manchurian" border war broke out in the Nomenkan Buzhide area in the territory of the Left Banner of the New Balhu and on both sides of the middle and lower reaches of the Haraha River in Mongolia that shocked the world, that is, the large-scale military conflict between Japan and the puppet Manchukuo and the Soviet Union and the Mongolian People's Republic - the Battle of Nomenkan. The armies of Japan and the Soviet Union fought on behalf of the "puppet state of Manchukuo" and the "state of Mongolia" respectively (the Soviet-Mongolian coalition led by Marshal Zhukov of the Soviet Union and Marshal Choibalshan of the Mongolian People's Republic). The battle lasted 135 days, during which both sides committed more than 200,000 soldiers, more than 500 artillery pieces, 900 aircraft, and 1,000 tanks and armored vehicles, killing more than 60,000 people. The result of the battle ended in a crushing victory for the Soviets and a crushing defeat for the Japanese army, in which Lieutenant General Ogasawara of the Japanese 23rd Division committed suicide due to rash actions that led to the war. (To be continued.) )