(303) Pursue the glory of the past
In fact, long before the collection of intelligence through the foreign intelligence system, Soviet Russia had begun to take a series of steps to realize its plans for large-scale covert operations abroad. While the Suppression Committee was still working to defend the Bolshevik system against real and imaginary enemies at home, Soviet spy agencies abroad became active. The main purpose of their activities was to export the revolution abroad, and most of the activities abroad at that time were not organized by the Suppression Committee, but by the Common-Commons International Organizations, which were in the hands of the Bolsheviks. The Executive Committee of the Communist International (NKKH) calls itself "the stronghold of the world revolution."
After the October Revolution, a considerable number of Bolshevik leaders were expecting the revolution to spread first to Europe and then to the world. The First World War, which led to the collapse of several great empires in Central Europe, gave them hope. Lenin said passionately: "The world revolution has come so much closer to us in a week's time, and we can assume that it will come in the next few days...... We should risk our lives to help the German workers hasten the revolution, which should soon begin in Germany. ”
Two days after the formal armistice with the Entente, Germany suddenly proclaimed a "republic". Workers' and peasants' Soviets were established in many parts of Germany on the Soviet model. But Lenin's joy and eagerness soon vanished. The uprising in Berlin was quickly suppressed, and the recently formed leader of the German Bolshevik Party, Rosa ? Luxembourg and Karl? Liebknecht was killed by right-wing radicals in the German army for proclaiming the "German Free Society-Patriotic Republic" that angered the Germans. Although their deaths made the already slim hope of the German Bolshevik Party taking the place of the Socialist Cook Party as the main left-wing party, Moscow was able to impose its will on the German Bolsheviks without hindrance. Because shortly before he was killed, as a leader of the Marxists, Rosa? Luxemburg criticized the Bolshevik system and accused Lenin of not the dictatorship of the proletariat, but of the dictatorship of the proletariat. She was probably the only foreign Bolshevik who dared to speak out against Lenin and to resist the use of the Common International as an instrument of Soviet Russia's foreign policy.
At the inaugural congress of the Common International held at the Russian Revolution Theatre in Moscow, only five delegates were from abroad, while the rest of the delegates "abroad" were chosen by the Central Committee of the Bolsheviks from among the foreign followers who remained in Moscow. Many of them have never even been to the country they represent. Moreover, some of the parties they represent are not established at all. However, for most representatives of the European left-wing movement, these "technical details" do not make much sense. For many left-wing activists, Moscow became the new socialist Jerusalem, and the establishment of the Common International only strengthened their faith in a bright future.
Two weeks after the conclusion of the first congress of the Communist International, British Prime Minister Lloyd-George had a complaint to French Prime Minister George Brown. Clemenceau said: "The whole of Europe is full of revolutionary sentiment...... Every aspect of the existing political, social and economic order is doubted by the masses of the people everywhere in Europe. ”
In fact, the revolution had already begun to unfold at a rapid pace long before the Communist International began to export it. Without the help of Moscow, in just a few weeks with a bang, the republics of Hungary and Bavaria were formed one after another. The President of the International Co., Ltd., Grigory? Zinoviev had predicted that within a year the whole of Europe would become a communitarian Europe. But the Bolsheviks suffered a heavy blow: in less than a month, the Bavarian Soviet Republic was defeated by regular troops and insurrectionary troops, and the Romanian invasion ended the history of the Hungarian Soviet Republic.
Surprisingly, the German Empire became the only power that had formal diplomatic relations with the Bolshevik regime.
The Soviet Union and Germany exchanged ambassadors after the signing of the Brest-Litovsk Peace Treaty. After the defeat of Germany, the German Emperor Wilhelm II abdicated in favor of Prince Ruprecht, and the national honor of the German Empire was preserved. In order to break the isolation, the German Empire and Soviet Russia, two countries that were at once diametrically opposed in the ideological sphere, came together.
Because the "Versailles Treaty" stipulated on Germany, such as that Germany could not develop an air force and navy, could not possess tanks, large-caliber artillery, anti-tank guns and other heavy equipment, and the army was limited to 100,000 people, and other restrictions were regarded as a great shame and great shame by the German [***] high-level, the innate arrogance of the German nation was inevitably tormented by the unequal treaties of defeat and humiliation, and a strong sense of rebellion was inevitably formed. And the German side and the arms industry giants are the direct embodiment of this rebellious will. However, they understood that Britain and France had an overwhelming advantage in strength at present, and it was obvious that confrontation would not work, so in secret, Germany did not stop for a moment trying to "save the country by curve". At this time, Soviet Russia became the best partner.
Since the defeated Germany had to obey the Allied powers, and Soviet Russia was an outlier in the eyes of the Entente powers, the two "orphans" of the international community, feeling that they were "the same people who had fallen to the end of the world," secretly signed the "Laparo Treaty," agreeing to cancel each other's demands for war reparations, fully restore diplomatic relations between the two countries, and establish a close trade alliance. Germany thus became the largest trading partner of Soviet Russia.
This situation may seem incredible, but it is actually very understandable. Because Germany was suppressed by Britain and France, and faced strong hostility from Poland, friendship with Soviet Russia not only benefited each other in trade, but also played an important role in weakening Poland and reducing the pressure on Britain and France on itself politically and militarily.
General Seckert, who had a high prestige in the German army, was the initiator of the insistence on establishing military and industrial cooperation with the Soviet Union. Seckert has always firmly believed that the army is the foundation of ruling power, the power of the army lies in its excellent quality, and the combat potential of the army comes from the training of the officer corps. After the end of World War I, Seckert actually became the soul of the German [***] team, although the German General Staff had been forcibly abolished by Britain and France, but Seckert retained the General Staff, the essence of the German army's super combat effectiveness, in the name of the Military Affairs Bureau. With the Wehrmacht's 100,000 men in charge, his response was to turn every soldier into the seed of a future army, and every officer would have the abilities of a future general and marshal, and once the war machine was activated, the 100,000 men would be able to train and build a million-strong army at once. Seckert once commented on the significance of the Soviet-German Raparo Treaty: "Although [trade with Soviet Russia] was beneficial to Germany, its economic value was not the main aspect, but the political significance was the key." The progress of Soviet-German relations was the largest and only increase in power that Germany had achieved so far in peace. The progress of such relations, in general, begins with economic cooperation, but the strength of (Soviet-German) cooperation lies in the fact that this economic interaction will pave the way for future political and military cooperation. ”
Many leaders of the Council of People's Commissars of the Soviet Union were initially not optimistic about the secret alliance with Germany, and Dzerzhinsky was skeptical about it, but Lenin insisted on the idea of an alliance with Germany, and the alliance was finally realized. And judging by the current results, Lenin's proposition is undoubtedly quite wise. For the nascent Soviet Russia, it can be described as a miracle in the field of diplomacy.
The enemy that the Soviet power now faces is China and the Philippines from the East.
Dzerzhinsky's gaze slowly moved across the map, eventually stopping in the east.
Can the same miracle be replicated in the East?
Dzerzhinsky stared closely at the slender Primorsky island on the map, lost in thought.
It took him a long time to come to his senses, and in a few strokes he ate all the rest of the food, then took his pen and began to write down on a piece of paper his great idea that had come to him in a flash of inspiration.
“…… I believe that while adhering to the policy of the two declarations on China and supporting the work of the Chinese Party, we should strengthen our ties with the Reich, whose situation in the East is very similar to that of the German Reich in the West, and that it is likely to become the second country after the German Reich to play a decisive role in maintaining the reading power and existence of Soviet power......"
Kazakhstan, on the banks of the Taras River.
Yang Shuoming looked at the ruins of the ancient battlefield in the distance, and slowly walked forward on horseback, his gaze swept over the ground from time to time, as if he was looking for something.
"Are you sure this is the ancient battlefield of the past?" Long Yonghua looked at Yardi, who was leading the way, and asked.
"This is it." Yardi nodded and replied affirmatively, "But I'm not sure if it's the place the general is looking for." He glanced at Yang Shuoming and said.
Yang Shuoming didn't say anything, and suddenly he jumped off the horse as if he had discovered something, and Paris, who was with him, also jumped off the horse.
Yang Shuoming leaned down, stretched out his hand and gently brushed away a layer of sand on the ground, and took out the buried things below.
It was a small iron bar that had been very badly corroded, and it was almost impossible to see its original face, but Yang Shuoming was still sure that it was once a sharp arrowhead.
"What is this?" Paris came to Yang Shuoming's side and squatted down curiously, looked at the things in his hand and asked.
"It's a crossbow arrow." Yang Shuoming handed her the arrow in his hand, and according to the analysis prompt given by the "supercomputer eye", he said to her, "The range of this crossbow arrow should be able to reach 300 meters." ”
"You know so much." Paris looked at him with admiration in her eyes and said with a smile.
Yang Shuoming smiled and didn't speak again, he straightened up and walked forward, his eyes still paying attention to the things on the ground from time to time, Paris followed him, sweeping the ground with a pair of beautiful leather boots from time to time, helping him find the relics of the ancients that might appear.
"This is what I found in a cave the last time I was here." Yardi came to Yang Shuoming's side, spread out his huge palm, and delivered a shiny gray-white thing in front of him.
Yang Shuoming saw that on Yaerdi's palm, it turned out to be a small flaky jade ring, and he couldn't help but be stunned, he carefully picked up the jade ring and looked at it carefully in the sun.
This jade ring is made of Hetian green and white jade, and is carved with a vigorous winged flying dragon (Ying Long), which is majestic and majestic, and the carving technique and the surrounding cloud pattern decoration have obvious Tang Dynasty jade characteristics. Probably because of the age and the relationship between use and use, some of the ornaments on the jade ring have been worn.
"This is indeed the birthplace of Talas." Long Yonghua sighed and said, "I didn't expect it to be the big battle that happened here. ”
The Battle of Talas was a battle in Central Asia between the forces of the Tang Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty and the forces of the emerging Arab Abbasid Empires from the Shia sect of Islam. The Battle of Talas was a collision between the most powerful Eastern and Western empires in the world at the time, and its impact was extremely far-reaching. And this time, Yang Shuoming followed the footsteps of his ancestors and came here, and the feeling in his heart cannot be described in a few words.
The 6th to 8th centuries AD were known to Western Europeans as the "Dark Ages". However, the world outside of Western Europe was not "dark" at this time, and there were three great empires in Eurasia that were in their prime. In addition to the Byzantine Empire, which held on to Southeast Europe and the Near East, the other two were the Tang Empire and the Arab Empire.
In 751, China was in an unprecedented heyday during the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty. During the reign of Tang Xuanzong Li Longji, the Tang Dynasty's national power reached its peak and was the most respected power in the world at that time.
The ancestors of the Han people, the Huaxia people, mastered the land of the Yellow River Valley (Central Plains) and the Yangtze River Valley (Jiangnan) through war and cultural integration. For the Han people, the wilderness outside the southern part of the Central Plains was unattractive - because these lands could not be used to grow crops on a large scale; However, the "expansion" of the Han nationality was mostly due to the massacres, plundering and harassment carried out by the surrounding ethnic groups in order to compete for the territory that belonged to them in the past, and they raised troops on a large scale for the purpose of stabilizing the territory of the country and preventing future troubles. For example, the Tang Empire must occupy Hexi in order to defend Chang'an, in order to defend Hexi, it must control Qinghai, and in order to control Qinghai, it must occupy the Western Regions to divide the forces of the Tubo Empire, so that it cannot expand eastward, during the reign of Tang Gaozong, the Eastern and Western Turkic Khanates were successively destroyed by China, and the small states in the Western Regions such as Yiwu, Shanshan, Gaochang, Yanqi, Qiuzi, Shule, and Khotan were either forced to surrender to the Tang Dynasty or destroyed by force in the following decades. Since then, the Tang Dynasty has established a Western Regions ruling system with the four towns of Anxi - Qiuci, Shule, Khotan, and Yanqi as the core, and the Anxi Protectorate is located in Qiuci Town. Although most orthodox historians of the Western world believe that the territory under the jurisdiction of the Anxi Imperial Protectorate could not be regarded as the official territory of the Tang Empire, but only a peripheral protectorate of the Tang Empire, until the Kaiyuan and Tianbao periods, this area was always within the Chinese cultural circle and influenced by Chinese culture.
Around the same time, the Arabs of the Middle East were also rising rapidly. Since the Prophet Muhammad and the Four Orthodox Caliphs, Muslims have controlled a vast territory that the Assyrians, Persians and Romans never dared to imagine, expanding from a few tribes on the Arabian Peninsula to an unprecedented empire spanning three continents: Europe, Asia and Africa. The Arab Empire became another powerful force outside of China and Tibet that influenced the Western Regions.
Due to the huge geographical advantage of the Arab Empire, coupled with the fierce battle between the Tang army and Tibet in Qinghai during this period, there was no time to take care of the Western Regions, and the influence of Arabia was slowly reflected. Since the Tang Dynasty had to defeat the Arabs in order to establish hegemony in Central Asia, and the Arabs had to defeat the Tang Dynasty's challenge in order to fully control Central Asia, a decisive battle between the two sides was inevitable.
In 750 AD, the Tang Dynasty sent Gao Xianzhi to lead the army to conscript on the grounds that the Western Regions vassal state Shiguo was "no courtiers", and Gao Xianzhi captured the capital of Shiguo. The prince of Shi, who escaped by chance, appealed to the Abbasids of the Arab Empire for help. Arab reinforcements planned to attack the four towns of the Tang Dynasty's Western Regions. After Gao Xianzhi received the news, he preemptively led the army from Anxi, and after a three-month long journey over the green mountains and deserts, he arrived at the city of Talas, a famous city in Central Asia, in July, when thousands of Arab troops were already stationed in the city, and the Tang army then began to besiege the city of Talas. After receiving the news of Gao Xianzhi's attack, the Arabs quickly gathered a large army and rushed to the city of Talas, Gao Xianzhi attacked the city for five days, and the Arab reinforcements arrived, attacking the Tang army from behind, and the two sides launched a decisive battle on the bank of the Talas River.
Under the command of Gao Xianzhi, a famous general of the Tang Dynasty, the Tang army was extremely good at fighting, relying on the strong bows and crossbows of the infantry and the sharp blades of the Mo knife, Gao Xianzhi once had a great advantage, and the Tang cavalry once completely suppressed the Arab cavalry, but due to the absolute numerical superiority of the Arab coalition army, Gao Xianzhi could not achieve the final victory. On the fifth day of the battle, the situation changed abruptly, and after the Tang army fought until the evening, the mercenaries of the Qarluq tribe suddenly mutinied, and they surrounded the Tang army and the Han infantry corps from behind and severed their contact with the cavalry. The Arab coalition took advantage of the opportunity of the Tang army to temporarily fall into chaos due to the sudden defection of the Qarluq mercenaries, and dispatched a large number of cavalry to attack the center of the Tang army's military formation. After collecting the remnants of the army, the brave Gao Xianzhi was not reconciled, and still wanted to carry out a counterattack, but finally gave up under the persuasion of the deputy general Li Siye.
(To be continued)