Stolypin always thought that Russia was the most similar to the United States, and he tried to imitate the United States, and the reason why he encouraged the privatization of Russian land was to see that the large farms in the United States, the modern farms with tractors and harvesters, were worth the output of 500 Russian peasants alone. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 ｉｎfo

Russia also has a huge territory, and because it cannot be cultivated the land that cannot be cultivated, there will be famine at every turn.

He also admired the huge factories in the United States, but he always thought that Russia was unable to turn its resources into industrial power because it had no money.

Now that he has arrived in China and seen the construction of the Chinese, he feels that China is more similar to Russia, much more like Russia than the United States, with a huge territory, backward countries, and poor peasants.

But do the Chinese have money?

Stolypin was able to get the news that Yang Chao only had more than 1,000 tons of gold, and Russia also had more than 1,000 tons of gold reserves, but Russia could not do such a thing as him, so it seemed that there was more than just gold.

He worked hard to straighten out his thinking, mortgage gold loans, leverage huge funds, encourage foreign investment, hire foreign engineers, open his own country, and introduce capital, equipment and technical strength.

Since 1890, Russia has also had a large influx of foreign capital, rapid industrial development, and the construction of more than 20,000 kilometers of railways in ten years, but when the economic crisis arrives, foreign capital withdraws, and Russia is in a deep crisis and cannot extricate itself.

"What will happen to your country if foreign capital is withdrawn?"

Thinking of this, Stolypin kindly reminded Yang Chao.

Yang Chao said with a smile: "My country is next." The capital can go, but the factory can't move. If foreign capital withdraws, our capital, our workers, will take over the factories. ”

Stolypin smiled bitterly: "I'm afraid it's not that easy, where does the money come from?" How to pay workers without funds, how to procure raw materials without funds. And there is no market, how to maintain production. ”

Stolypin is not a fool, he will not be fooled by Yang Chao casually, and he will take it for granted that Russia is not Japan, and it will not be so easy to abandon everything he has and imitate another country from scratch.

Yang Chao said with a smile: "The so-called funds are just needed, you may not have heard another statement, in the eyes of accounting, money is just an accounting unit." Units, such as weight units, kilograms, such as length units, kilometers. The use of gold as a guarantee of credit as currency is simply too expensive, greatly limiting the supply of this accounting unit. But in fact, since currency is a unit, it can also be prescribed by the government, just like the length unit, weight unit, and capacity unit stipulated by the state. ”

This Stolypin was interested in letting the state dictate the currency, which is a point of view in economics, but the international bankers are unanimously opposed, and the bankers who have the gold do not want to see the emergence of fiat money, which means that they lose control of their wealth.

The reason why Russia has not developed is, in Stolypin's view, that it is too constrained by the money supply, and in this era, without gold reserves, it is impossible to issue additional money, without money, there is no capital, and without capital, there is no investment.

However, the regulation of fiat currency to issue paper money indiscriminately has been full of crises, currency crises, runs, and financial bankruptcies, so that the rulers of all countries regard fiat currencies like jackals and dare not touch them.

Stolypin sighed: "The idea of fiat money is just a theory. ”

He knew that Russia could not create money by issuing paper money indiscriminately, but only brought inflation.

Yang Chao smiled: "If Lord Stolypin doesn't believe it, we can come and do an experiment." Together, we form a trade committee without the Russians taking any risks. Yangzi Bank can raise $500 million as a leveling fund, which will leverage $2 billion in bilateral trade, and in the end, the two countries will reach a balance, and neither will have to pay gold to anyone. 500 million is still the 500 million, not a penny more, not a penny less. ”

Stolypin became interested, in any case the trade of 20 dollars is good, as for the fact that no one suffers, there is no trade balance, it does not matter.

But this requires complex accounting calculations, and later accounting firms are proficient in this, and Yang Chao is also proficient in this, and Yang Chao has a supercomputer with more computing power than accounting firms.

That night, Yang Chao handed Stolypin a very complex mathematical model involving nearly 100 trades.

For example, Yang Chao provided 10,000 tractors to Russian farms, and these farms could not immediately take out grain to pay, and it may take several years to pay off the price of the tractors, and then the trade commission would pay this amount of money in advance, so that the farms could pay it back slowly; Then the Russian iron ore provided iron ore, and Yang Chao provided mining equipment, and the iron ore could not compensate for the equipment price for the time being, and was still advanced by the equalization fund; However, Russia also has advantageous industries, such as timber from Siberia, cotton from Uzbekistan, and oil from Baku, which are advanced to Russian industries by the equalization fund; The equalization fund received the grain and iron ore that will be continuously repaid for the next three years, and the difference is only 500 million US dollars. Three years later, it just reached equilibrium.

After three years, Russia and China did not pay each other a tael of gold, and all the revenues and expenditures were only passed through the books, and finally balanced, but Russia had a hundred more modern farms with a hundred agricultural machinery, a dozen large modern mines, and China received a lot of timber, cotton, and oil.

It is very simple to say, it is to exchange raw materials for equipment, and the gold is only used as a tool, and it is not even withdrawn from the treasury of Yangzi Bank, but the book changes, but the efficiency of the Russian industry has been greatly improved.

The bank did not make a penny of profit, so the equalization fund was an interest-free loan.

"Look, this isn't an accounting tool, what is it?"

When it took Stolypin's men three days to figure out the complex trade model, Yang Chao told him.

Stolypin couldn't help but smile bitterly, Yang Chao's statement is indeed reasonable in this regard, but the premise is that there is a bank that does not want interest, and impermanence helps to do this account, and the bank does not make money by doing accounts, which is equivalent to making the bank give up profits.

"No bank wants to do that, and if the banks in your country do, I'd be happy to do it."

Stolypin laughed.

Yang Chao just gave him a model, but he had to take it seriously.

Yang Chao said: "Then it will be as you wish." Yangzi Bank sent people to deliver in Manchuria. ”

Stolypin said: "It seems that we need to cooperate somewhat. ”

In fact, Stolypin came to China with the intention of carrying out cooperation, but the main purpose was not economic cooperation, but military cooperation, because Stolypin felt that the economic cooperation between Russia and China could not be opened in the short term, but if Yang Chao's approach was followed, it was really possible to expand the scale in the short term, so he changed his mind and hoped to promote a favorable cooperation.

Yang Chao waved his hand: "There is no lunch for nothing." Banks are all about making money, and that's just an experiment. ”

"A $2 billion project is also reasonable to make a profit," Stolypin said. ”

Yang Chao said with a smile: "It's just to trade, but it makes the British collect a lot of taxes, which makes people unwilling." If it can be tax-free, the benefits will fall into the pockets of your two countries, and it is better to either tax the enterprises separately, or let the profits of the enterprises fall than to let the British take the taxes away. ”

Although the tariffs collected by the British still have to be settled with the government of the Republic of China in the end, what is the benefit to the country when the money is in the hands of Yuan Shikai?

So robbing the British of tariff interests, this is what Yang Chao has always wanted to do.

Stolypin nodded: "It's just the port of Manchuria, and there is also British customs." ”

Not to mention that Manchuria has customs on land, there are customs in Yadong in Tibet, and there are customs in the German colony of Qingdao.

This is the diplomatic strength of the British, and it is also the reason why the British managed the customs during the Qing government, because the British can do many things that the Qing government could not do.

"Tax free! The Sino-Russian border ports are free ports and are not subject to tariffs. ”

Stolypin's heart moved, this is one way.

This is a good way, and it is a method that is specifically beneficial to China and Russia, because foreign countries have one-sided most-favored-nation privileges, and what China gives to any country, other countries will enjoy the same rights, so opening up to any port is open to all countries.

But China has the only land connection between them, opening ports such as Manchuria, and countries such as Britain and France can naturally be exempt from taxes, but will they come here to trade?

The two men were soon negotiated, but the formal terms had to wait for Stolypin to arrive in Beijing to sign, a commercial cooperation agreement, in order to encourage trade, Russia and China both gave each other's goods in Manchuria and other border ports of the two sides to be urbanized duty-free, while respecting the interests of each country, Britain, France, the United States and Germany and other countries were also granted duty-free rights at the port.

But the problem is that these ports are almost identical to the railway, Manchuria is the same as the Trans-Siberian Railway, which could have been connected to Chita, but Chita was seized by the Japanese.

What happened to Stolypin when he saw the map, Yang Chao didn't know, but Yang Chao found a solution for him to rebuild the railway.

build a railway from Manchuria through Russian territory to Irkutsk; From Barnaul to Uriya Sutai, to Kulen to Beijing; China built railways from Dihua to Kenggertula, Uriya Sutai to Kenggertula; Shutong Kashgar to Khohan; The Almaty-Tashkent railway connects the Baku oil fields.

Because China and Russia will open up Barnaul on the Russian side and Khorthula on the Chinese side; Khokhan and Tashkent on the Russian side, Kashgar and Almaty on the Chinese side; Nine cities, including Irkutsk on the Russian side and Kulen and Manchuria on the Chinese side, are free ports.

Finally signed the treaty, Yang Chao sighed in his heart, it is really not easy to fool Stolypin, it is an experiment and a leveling fund, which is much more difficult than fooling them back then. All they want is to give the Russians some blood and let them recover their strength quickly, otherwise they will not dare to fight a war themselves. (To be continued.) )