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Because the Japanese people's hearts are full of Saigo, and the Satsuma army is all samurai, well-trained, and commanded by a large number of fierce generals such as Lin Yiqing, Kirino Toshiaki, Shinohara Kunikan, Murata Shinhachi, and Nomura Shinosuke, the combat effectiveness is extremely strong, and it is because under the attack of the Satsuma army, the Japanese government army is defeated and retreated one after another, and finally it has reached the point where "all three capitals have fallen", so that they have to borrow troops from Russia to finally defeat the Satsuma army.

Due to successive defeats, government officers and soldiers often vent their anger on the people in the war zone, and the Russian army that came to help the Japanese government to quell the rebellion is more brutal than the government army, and the military discipline of the Russian army has a notoriety among the armies of the world, and most of the Russian troops sent to Japan to help the war this time are adapted from exiles from Siberia, among which there are a large number of Cossacks and Russian Poles, military discipline is corrupt, combat effectiveness is low, and the enemy is afraid of the enemy, and the people are like wolves and tigers, and the Japanese people in many areas have heard of the arrival of the Russian army, Basically, they were all scattered overnight. Not only did the people in the warring areas suffer, but in the rear, the Russian army was also full of atrocities, looting property and raping women in an endless stream, and in Tokyo there was even a vicious incident in which Russian thugs raped and killed Japanese aristocratic women who went out, triggering large-scale riots among the Japanese people, so that the Russian army headquarters had to shoot a large number of criminals to calm the anger of the Japanese people a little. Although the Russian army has reined in since then, in the war zone, the killing of people still often occurs. So much so that a large number of people either went to sea and fled to foreign countries. Or hide in the mountains. After the end of the Southwestern War. There are still a large number of people hiding in the mountains and forests and not daring to return home, so that the Japanese government has to send people into the mountains to search and persuade people to return to their hometowns.

After the Southwest War, the Japanese government set up a temporary court in Kyushu in order to completely liquidate the anti-government gentry led by Kagoshima. According to statistics, 62,764 people were sentenced, of whom 7,022 were beheaded and 6,131 were sentenced to 10-year imprisonment. 5,411 were sentenced to seven-year imprisonment, 4,126 to five-year imprisonment, 6,380 to three-year imprisonment, 11,183 to two-year imprisonment, 5,013 to one-year imprisonment, 12,130 to 100 days, 21,459 to 70 days, 6,018 to 30 days, 45,242 to be deprived of their status, and 632 to be locked up. 12,420 people paid atonement. The number of acquittals was 32,449 and 40,349 were exonerated. Before the verdict was pronounced, 2,047 people died. Because the Japanese government treated the people in the Kyushu region harshly who had participated in and sympathized with the Saigo Takamori rebels, the people in the Kyushu region were full of resentment against the government for a long time, and even after the end of the Southwest War, in order to heal the wounds of the war, the "War Bereaved Families Comfort Association" initiated by the Empress Ichijo Miko of the Meiji Emperor to comfort the people in the Kyushu region could not erase the inner wounds of the people in Kyushu, and this situation continued until the outbreak of the Qian-Ri-Dingyou War. And it had an extremely negative impact on this war, which was related to Japan's national fortunes.

In addition, the Southwest War also dealt a great blow to Japan's economy, and according to the results of a joint survey conducted by the Ministry of Civil Affairs, the Ministry of the Army, and the Ministry of the Navy in the 17th year of the Meiji era, the Japanese Army consumed more than 134893500 rounds of guns and ammunition and more than 173,700 rounds of artillery shells during the war. The Navy consumed 27,139 shells and 2147824 bullets. The Russian army consumed more than 165423600 rounds of guns and ammunition, more than 214,700 rounds of shells, the Japanese Navy and Army lost a series of battles in the early and middle stages, the army lost a large number of guns, and the navy lost 3 ironclad ships ("Fuso" was sunk, "Hiei" and "Kongo" were looted by the Satsuma army), 7 gunboats, 12 auxiliary ships and more than 30 merchant ships, and the total cost of various related expenses reached 241967726 yen.

Due to the huge consumption of the war, the high war expenses made the Japanese government unbearable, in addition to the private looting, the Japanese government had to borrow from foreign banks, and finally the famous British Rothchild family gave the Japanese government a large number of loans, helping the Japanese government to tide over the war crisis, but the Japanese government had to sell a large number of rights and interests to the Rothchild family, by the end of the Southwest War, the Rothchild family had completely mastered Japan's financial lifeline. In addition, in exchange for Russia sending troops to help quell the rebellion, the Japanese government secretly signed a secret treaty with the Russian government, promising Hokkaido as a reward for the Russians, and the subsequent exposure of the "Russo-Japanese secret treaty" greatly hurt the feelings of the Japanese people and greatly damaged the prestige of the Japanese government, because for thousands of years, although Japan has experienced all kinds of external aggression, it has never ceded land to the outside world, and the Japanese Meiji government has been an out-and-out traitorous government in the eyes of the Japanese people. Iwakura Gushi and other important government officials were regarded as "traitors" by the Japanese people, and finally lost at the hands of the Japanese-Russian coalition forces in the Southwest War, and Saigo Takamori, who insisted on committing suicide by not yielding to the sea, became a national hero in the eyes of the Japanese people (the bodies of Saigo Takamori and his wife washed up on the beach and were buried secretly by the local people).

After the end of the Southwest War, the Samos exiled abroad elected Saigo Takamori's son Saigo Kikujiro as the leader, established a government-in-exile, did not recognize the status of the Japanese Meiji government, and called on the people at home to rise up against the "traitor government" and rescue the Meiji Emperor who was held hostage by traitors and traitors. The Satsuma people did not hesitate to stand on the side of Qianguo.

The Southwest War also contributed to the development of the Freedom and Civil Rights Movement in Japan. After the Meiji Restoration, some liberal civil rights activists appeared in Japan, and their initial ideas could not be recognized by the Meiji government at that time, so they actively encouraged the noble class to start riots in a vain attempt to overthrow the government to realize the political ideas of freedom and civil rights. The defeat in the Southwest War made the liberal civil rights activists realize that there was no hope for the armed overthrow of the Meiji government, and they began to use public opinion to fight against the Meiji government. After the defeat of the Southwest War, the remaining scholars in Kyushu began to embark on the path of freedom and civil rights, and jointly demanded to participate in the government and confront those in power in the Meiji government. After the Southwest War, Japan's Freedom and Civil Rights Movement arose. It also had a huge impact on Japanese politics. It has exacerbated the division of the Japanese nation.

Furthermore. The Southwest War also had an important impact on the development of the world's military.

First of all, this war was a victory for the national army, and it tested the achievements of Japan's military reform of the Meiji Restoration. In this regard, the famous Japanese historian Taro Sakamoto commented: "This incident shows that it is headed by Saigo Takamori, a hero of the Restoration. The social and military forces, with the former Satsuma clan as the backbone, were no match for the government army, which they despised and armed with the common people, and all the people in the country could understand once and for all that the soldiers were no longer capable of making a difference. There is some truth in this comment, but it obviously exaggerates the combat effectiveness of the government army, and in fact, the Satsuma army, both at the top and at the grassroots level, is quite good at fighting because of the regular and rigorous military training of the modern Western style, and because it is indeed courageous. The failure of the Satsuma Army was not due to the lack of combat effectiveness. Rather, it is because of the "elite army" policy of the Satsuma Army, which is composed of a large number of elite samurai, is far less numerical than the Japanese government army and the Russian army, which is composed of civilians, once these elite samurai are consumed in large quantities in battle. The inability to replenish the troops led to a sharp decline in the combat effectiveness of the troops, and this was the reason for the rapid defeat of the Satsuma army in the later stages of the war.

Secondly, the war was also of great significance for the development of new weapons and military art. In this war, the Satsuma army creatively carried forward the tactics of "siege in the cave", to the government army and the Russian army with great damage, the record of the Satsuma combat engineer for a long time has not been broken by any country, due to the continuous use of the Satsuma army's underground blasting tactics in the war has attracted the attention of the Russian side, the Russian army has also organized a similar operation, although it failed for various reasons, but after the war, the Russian side focused on studying the relevant tactics, And formed its own engineering unit, and all countries in the world followed suit, and the combat engineer branch has been greatly developed, and it once again shined in the First World War.

In the Southwest War, both sides of the war used a large number of field guns, mountain guns, and mortar guns of various calibers, and paid considerable attention to the use of artillery and the coordinated operation of the navy and army when attacking. Both sides have carried out many maneuvers at sea and detours behind enemy lines, and both sides have demonstrated a relatively high level of campaign command capability. In terms of individual soldier ability and small detachment tactics, the Satsuma army was superior, and its courage and good fighting dared to carry out decisive actions with a small force, which taught the government army and the Russian army a good military lesson, and in the later stage of the war, the government army and the Russian army were also familiar with such operations, and took the same means to fight back. For example, many people in the Japanese government army, who studied under the German Army, regard the squad tactics as "stealing chickens and touching dogs", and they despise the squad tactics very much (people of insight in the Japanese army also want to introduce this tactic, but because Murata Jingfang and other officers with relevant combat experience were killed by Lin Yiqing, so that there is no way to learn it), the Russian army tends to fight in large corps, and does not pay attention to the squad tactics that bring them serious damage. However, Britain and France saw the value of squad tactics from the Southwest War, and based on the experience of the Satsuma Army, they carried out useful practice and training in their own land forces, and in the Anglo-Burundi War and the Franco-Vietnamese War in the future, squad tactics played a vital role.

In this war, both sides used a considerable number of Gatling machine guns, the value of machine guns in defensive operations was highlighted, after the end of the war, the armies of all countries in the world invariably began to equip a large number of Gatling machine guns, and increased investment in the development of rapid-fire weapons for the army.

Although the Satsuma Army's sword drawing team gave the government army a lot of casualties and psychological pressure in this battle, it should be seen that this was a helpless move of the Satsuma Army in the case of lack of ammunition, and the war has evolved to rely on firepower and steel, and white-knuckle warfare has increasingly become a supporting role in the war, so this special case cannot be invoked as the basis for army building. However, after the war, the Japanese army unrealistically exaggerated this point, distorted and magnified this point to the extreme, and one-sidedly emphasized fearless of the enemy's firepower and close combat in combat and training, which became an abuse of the so-called "flesh-and-bullet attack." Therefore, later in the Qian-Japanese Dingyou War, faced with the strong position of the new army of Qianguo, there were still a large number of Japanese officers who encouraged the use of white-knuckle solutions. As a result, serious casualties were caused. And after the Dry Japanese War. The Japanese side has also not fully learned the lesson. By the time of World War I, the Japanese infantry still insisted that "bayonet attack is the essence of the Imperial Army." As a result, they were bled by the steel firepower of the cadres.

In the Southwest War, a series of naval battles fought by the two warring sides also had an important impact on the development of the world's naval technology. After the Battle of Olisa, horizontal tactics became the mainstream, and after the Battle of Langqiao, column tactics returned. In the Southwest War, the Satsuma Navy's two-ship group squad tactics proved that the horizontal team tactics and column tactics could be used at will, so the two-ship squad tactics were valued by the world's navies, and tactical experts organized two warships of the same or similar type as basic combat units, and on this basis, a large horizontal squadron or column was formed by a plurality of two-ship squadrons to fight. In addition, both the Satsuma Navy and the Japanese Navy made extensive use of mine-striking ships and achieved success, and the mine-striking ships were valued by the navies of various countries, and after the end of the Southwest War, the development of torpedo weapons was added. Most of the world's naval powers have built their own lightning strike fleets, with the French "New School" being the most affected. The French Navy built the largest lightning strike fleet in the world. In addition, the successful use of submarines by the Satsuma Navy has also given new inspiration to the world's navies, and since the end of the American Civil War, this is the most successful underwater offensive operation in the history of the world's navies, and has played an important role in the development of submarines in the future.

The Battle of Osaka Bay, in which the capital ships of the two sides faced off in the Southwest War, also had an important impact on the ship-based artillery technology of the world's navies in the future. In the middle of this century, the gun body of the general artillery was connected to the gun carriage by trunnions, that is, the so-called rigid gun carriage. The rigid gun carriage is heavily stressed when the gun mount is fired, and the barrel recoil as a whole along with the gun mount. As a result, the artillery had to be designed to be bulky, which made it difficult to maneuver on the battlefield. Because the whole gun produces a large displacement when firing again, it is a waste of time to reset and aim, so that the firing speed is greatly affected, when the gun is fired, the artillery mount and the gun body are recoiled together as a whole, because the gun mount and the gun body are heavy, very heavy, so the recoil is time-consuming and laborious, and the average firing interval time is more than 90 seconds, and this situation has been continued until the 80s. In terms of ammunition, during this period, the shells also changed from the early front-loading round solid shells to the flowering shells used by the rear-loading rifled guns, and the shell shape has basically had the prototype of modern artillery shells. After realizing the limited power of solid bullets, artillery technical experts invented a kind of shell with a hollow interior and filled with fragments, relying on the iron shell fragments that the projectile exploded after the explosion of gunpowder and the pre-loaded fragments inside. The biggest difference between it and solid shells is that it has a fuse, which detonates the black powder in the shell.

Due to the lack of explosive power of black powder, the damage effect on steel battleships is limited, coupled with the inherent defects of the cannon, the rate of fire is slow, it is not easy to aim, and it is impossible to form sufficient fire coverage for the target, even if it is a large-caliber artillery, it is difficult to sink the enemy ship with the flowering shells and solid shells fired, so the chaotic battle tactics used by artillery and torpedoes combined with the ancient ramming tactics have become popular, and in the naval battle of Osaka Bay, the two ironclad ships of the Satsuma Navy "Hiei" and "Kongo" fired with all their might, and fired with two ships against one ship, In the end, they relied on laying fishing nets to entangle the propellers of the "Fuso" to make it unable to move, and then the manpower submarine "Soryu Maru" used pole mines to launch an underwater ramming to finally sink it. Affected by this naval battle, after the war, countries around the world increased the research and development of new shipborne artillery, and the navy's shipborne artillery technology, like the army's artillery technology, began to brew a revolution. First of all, due to the invention of the breech-loading rifled gun and its new type of gun door and anti-recoil device technology, and the use of smokeless gunpowder and high-energy explosives, the firing range of the naval gun has been significantly increased, and the accuracy of shooting and the power of attack have also been greatly enhanced. In terms of firing range, by the mid-80s of this century, the maximum Krupp naval gun had reached more than 5000 meters, and by the end of the 90s, the Armstrong heavy gun could exceed 10000 meters in the case of a strong charge, and its terminal speed was still 360 m / s. In terms of attack power, the shells of the naval cannons of the end of the century could penetrate approximately the strongest armor as thick as the caliber of the cannon at an effective range. Taking the 305 mm 40 times caliber rear loading Armstrong gun as an example, in the case of a strong charge, the shell can penetrate the wrought iron plate at a depth of 97.6 cm in the muzzle, 87 cm at a distance of 1000 meters, 77.6 cm at a distance of 2000 meters, 69.5 cm at 3000 meters, and 63 cm at 4000 meters. Taking the 1899 305 mm 40 times caliber Krupp naval gun as an example, the shell can penetrate 117.3 cm of wrought iron plate and 91.2 cm of steel composite deck at the muzzle, and the damage ability is greatly improved. (A good event for pie in the sky, cool mobile phones are waiting for you!) Follow from ~ Dian/Chinese network public account (WeChat add friends - add public account - enter ddxiaoshuo), participate now! Everyone has a prize, now pay attention to ddxiaoshuo WeChat public account! (To be continued......)

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