As the first assistant of the cabinet, Gao Gong was responsible for the reform of official governance. The rule of officials is the basic system of the country's political system, and the corruption of the rule of officials is the product of political corruption, and its corruption in turn catalyzes political corruption. It will not only lead to the rule of officials and the darkness of officialdom, but also make the Ming Dynasty fall into a dilemma of slack, financial difficulties, poverty of the people, and social embarrassment.

For the fundamental problem of the rule of the Ming Dynasty, Gao Gong has been profoundly elaborated in the "Removal of Eight Evils", but to carry out reform, it must also be concretized, and then the right medicine, Gao Gong in a series of notes, will be listed one by one:

One disadvantage is that the selection of officials does not ask about their talents, and the promotion is only based on qualifications. This is the biggest drawback in the employment system. Originally, during the Taizu period, officials were selected only by their merits, regardless of their qualifications. However, after Xuande, he gradually took qualifications as his own. In Gao Gong's "Discussion of Subjects and Talents to Xingzhi Daoshu", it is said that officials above the state and county magistrates have the seventh jinshi, and "those who are born as jinshi are respected by the public, and even take the sin as merit." Those who are related to others will be despised by all, and even guilty of merit. As a matter of fact, there are generally the problems of the officers who have a low level of vision and skill, and do not understand political affairs, and they can only make a name for themselves in a vain manner, and they are only in a hurry to make a name for themselves, but there are very few people who can really do real government and reach the people. On the contrary, those Kegong officials who were born in people, because they have been engaged in affairs for a long time, are more familiar with people's livelihood and government affairs, and are more suitable to take on the responsibility of herdsmen.

However, there was a serious difference in the treatment of Jin non-commissioned officers and Kegong officers in this dynasty. The preferential treatment of recommendation and promotion is all the patent of the non-commissioned officer; And enduring hardships and carrying the black pot is the treatment of the Kegong official, and there is no future at all. This not only suppressed a large number of talents, which was not conducive to motivating officials at all levels to be diligent in political affairs and serve the country, but also encouraged the unscrupulous behavior of officials from Kejia.

The second disadvantage is that the assessment is untruthful, and the rewards and punishments are confused. The original dynasty had a very perfect and strict assessment, reward and punishment system. However, since Chenghua, serious problems have arisen. The first is to use this evaluation and correction as a tool for forming parties for personal gain and excluding dissidents. Second, the reputation is untrue, and the rewards and punishments are disorderly. Gao Gong not only exposed the situation of the provincial officials not abiding by the law and arbitrarily severing the severity of the law, but also pointed out that the officials and officials protect each other, 'dare not ask the great evil people and pretend not to know, and even call them high-grade, arsoning jackals to be in charge, and looking for foxes and squirrels to blame.' The third is that the punishment of officials does not proceed from reality and follows the quota, "For decades, there has been a quota for the number of punishments and punishments, and it is common for them to attack them." The number of them is sufficient, although there are unscrupulous, ignore them; The number of them is insufficient, although there is no one else, and they are forced to fill it. ’

The third disadvantage is to despise the thin border officials and the officials of salt and horses. Gao Gong pointed out that the officials sent to the border areas of Ji, Liao, Shanxi, and Shaanxi were 'not miscellaneous, and if they were not relocated, they were relocated, and if they were not relocated, they were incapacitated, and they were also inferior. He also made an analysis of the basic situation of the Yanma officials, saying: "In recent years, the reality has been very light, even if they are the ministers and officials, they are all incompetent in the examination, and those who have things to discuss are full." ’

Fourth, the use of power for personal gain, unscrupulous means. Gao Gong described the current situation of officialdom and said: "Today's people are officials, only hunting for high-ranking officials, and they are soft, bowing their heads and closing their eyes, running towards coquettishness, and thinking that they are good officials. In order to use power for personal gain, they dump each other, and as for the corruption of officials, they are all over the place, and they are accustomed to it.

The fifth disadvantage is dereliction of duty, and there are orders that do not work. Due to the rule of officials, there is no way to employ people, rewards and punishments are not orderly, and many officials do not concentrate on their duties, resulting in the abolition of the law and the government decree. The edict of the imperial court, copied to the ministries, is regarded as an old paper, and it is forbidden to continue, and the order is not followed. It is not uncommon for various ministries to exchange documents and exchanges, which lasted for several months.

All of this can be seen in the outline of the rule of the officials during the Jialong period.

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For this, Gao Gong formulated a set of reform measures.

In view of its disadvantages, 'the selection of officials does not ask about their talents, and the promotion of officials is only based on qualifications', and the countermeasure is to 'select talents and use their abilities, regardless of their background'. He instructed the officials to promote non-commissioned officers, promotion officers, and prison officers in three ways at the same time, only when conferring officials, their birth qualifications, and after entering the official career, they will speak on the basis of their political achievements, regardless of their background. And asked the emperor to order the Metropolitan Procuratorate and each of them to care for the officials, be sure to abandon the old ideas, but it is a meritocracy, one sponsorship, and it must not be low. He claimed that if this was to be carried out, the Jinshi would not be arrogant, and everyone would be self-serving, and there would be more good governance. Even if it can't be the same for everyone, and among the ten townships, there are as few as six or seven, and more than half of them. Good governance is more secure, and the people are safe and prosperous.

Then, on the basis of the principle of 'regardless of origin', we will seek a wide range of talents. After the incident in the department, he ordered his subordinate officials to visit the virtuous and virtuous people, and to register and make a register of the virtuous and virtuous ones for later use; He also instructed the world to have a division, and also required the local state governments to vigorously discover talents, but if they are virtuous, they do not need to be born in a good place, they must be recommended and not deliberately omitted.

Next, the primary selection of talents is cultivated. Gao Gong said: 'When the court employs people, it must first raise people, and if there is no support first, it will only be used enough.' Servant Cheng yù raised in the unused before to distinguish his talents; It is used after the maintenance is used to fulfill its duties. His proposition was that the talents selected in the previous step should be placed in the various yamen or localities to serve as subordinate officials, so that they could accumulate experience, and the imperial court would be able to distinguish whether they were virtuous or not, and entrust them with important tasks according to their characteristics.

It is also necessary to appoint and make the best use of the talents who have been cultivated. Gao Gong said that different talents have different morals and abilities. Just like people's five fingers, the size and length are completely different, but they are all useful, the key is to arrange these people to the right position...... He divides talents into three grades, those who have both ability and political integrity are the top, those who have virtue and micro talents are in the middle, and those who are talented and micro virtues are the bottom, but they can all be called talents and have use. He believes that when all departments use talents, the key is to use only the quantity, make use of their strengths and avoid weaknesses, and use their strengths to make the best use of their talents, and things can be achieved. If you use its short against its long, there will be few invincibles'. He also proposed that the winner with talent should be used to deal with complicated affairs, and the winner with morality should be used to serve as the constitution of science and technology; And the people who are ruling in India are none other than those who have both ability and political integrity.

Moreover, in the punishment of officials, it is necessary to distinguish between major and subtle things, and not to discard them at the moment because of minor mistakes. This is also the employment policy that Gao Gong has repeatedly emphasized. In his view, everyone has faults, and there is no such thing as a faultless person. Those who are so-called innocent are just not doing concrete things. Once you do something concretely, it will come out.

Therefore, Gao Gong demanded a tolerant attitude towards 'subtle mistakes', looked at its major sections, made a specific analysis of its mistakes, and demanded that 'the impeachment of officials must be carefully examined and contested, except for those who keep the big bad ones as usual. For those who are competent but do not take appropriate measures, they should be slightly; For those whose virtues are slightly flawed but have been corrected, regardless of their old mistakes, they should be preserved in order to help each other. As for those who are mediocre and weak, even if there is no fault in the history of the cāo, it is also necessary to verify that they should be deposed according to the example of the 'dismissal of softness', so as not to hinder the path of the sage's ascension. ’

And pointed out, because people with both ability and political integrity are a minority after all. If the blind pursuit of perfection and blame and the past will be blamed, so that the repentant have no way out, and can only let the mediocre self-preservationists fill the position, who will the court rely on to establish its merits?

At the same time, we should focus on the selection of officials of key departments and local orders. The officials of the so-called key departments, including the prime minister, the secretary of the ministry, and the imperial history of the left capital. Gao Gong said, 'If you want to rule the world, you can only use people.' There are only three people, a prime minister, a Tsukasa Jae, and a station chief. If the prime minister wins people, he can calm the affairs of the world and stop everything. If the mound wins people, he can advance and retreat, and all officials are incompetent. If the head of Taiwan wins people, he can promote discipline, and if there are lawbreakers, he will lead the people to rectify them, and the political system will be self-purifying...... However, among these three people, the prime minister is especially important. He also said, "Whether or not the virtuous person obeys the order is related to the welfare of the people." So that the world will obey the order and win people, and the world will be peaceful.

He also discussed the conditions that must be met by the above-mentioned officials. Like the prime minister, his person must have a good heart, pure virtue, high knowledge, great strength, full of knowledge, and skill, before he can do it. If you don't try to do things, take literature and art in vain, don't choose their talents, and vain qualifications, how can you become the teacher of a hundred officials, and the important affairs of the military and the state are not troubled? Another example is the governor of the prefecture and county, he requires not only to have a high level of education, to be selected from the jinshi and juren, but also to have an age limit, "those who must have jīng strength can do it, and those who are over fifty cannot be the governor of the prefecture and county." He also requires a certain amount of practical experience in governing society, and he said: "If the governor of a state or county is a first-time official, he is not familiar with civil affairs, but he has no evidence of self-discipline, love for the people, and strategy in handling things." But they give the people a society, wait for it to fail, and then go to it, and the people will be poisoned by it. 'It is required that those who are not appointed officials for the first time be given the post of state and county officials, so as not to mislead the people and harm them.

In addition, it is necessary to reserve talents and establish an echelon of key officials. He recounted his story in the song: 'If you don't use it, you must plan it in advance. The ministry of officials is different, and the talents and instruments of people are different. Now in the important officials, each pre-selected his talent is suitable for every two or three people, put in a similar place, and wait for the second to be prepared. Once there is a shortage, there is no shortage of people. Otherwise, although there are people in the world, their resources are incompatible, far from being examined, and they are useless! The so-called 'pre-planned' is only for the officials who need to do it.

Finally, adjust the employment policy of 'not being an official in the province'. 'Self-study outside the palace, not allowed to be an official in this province', is the rule of appointment of officials since the beginning of the dynasty. Gao Gong affirmed the necessity of this policy, and he said, 'The state shall not employ people in relation to the province. It is because it is difficult to practice the law because of the location of the clan, and it is easy to be a jiān, so it must be used in isolation from provinces,' and pointed out that this policy should only apply to the provincial government and the officials of the prefecture, prefecture, and county organs under its jurisdiction, and should not include the subordinate officials of the provincial government at all levels. He said, 'If the husband learns the warehouse, the post office, the sluice dam, etc., the person who is in charge of it is only the regular training and cashier, and the service of opening and closing, and not the sender of the people's society. And his officials are humble, his family is very poor, and he is given a place far away, or he can't go to the office, or he can't return to Ren'er. It can be supplemented by the nearest place in the next place. ’

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In view of its disadvantages, the assessment is untruthful, and the rewards and punishments are confused. The countermeasure of the high arch is to strictly assess and verify the name. The specific propositions and measures are:

First, unify the assessment standards. Gao Gong demanded that when evaluating officials, they should not look at their qualifications but only their political achievements and make conclusions according to their merits. Based on this idea, he also drew up the contents of the evaluation of officials in different departments and different positions. For example, the assessment of border officers is an example. He proposed: "We should see that the money and grain have accumulated a little compared with the previous year, the dangers and passes have increased a little compared with the previous year, the soldiers and horses have increased a little compared with the previous year, the equipment has been prepared a little more than the previous year, and the tuntian, salt law, and other things have been expanded a little more than the previous year...... It can be seen that the basic requirement of Gao Gong on the assessment is to focus on actual political achievements.

Second, reiterate the assessment rules and regulations, and verify the name and truth. Gao Gong reiterated the investigation of impeachment cases in the "Ming Cases to Determine the Assessment and Neglect", and instructed the officials, the Metropolitan Procuratorate, and the various Fu and Yamen to comply with them. He also repeatedly emphasized that the language of the inspection must conform to reality, and said in the "Re-Discussion of Investigation": "It is appropriate to order the ministry and the hospital to verify the name and truth during the inspection, and if a certain person is also greedy, he must list the things he is greedy for." Something is also cool, and it must be listed as cool. If you are not careful, you must list the things that you are not careful. The rest is true. That is to say, it is necessary to examine the language

It is based on the facts of the person being examined. He also pointed out that the advantages of doing so are, first, it can educate oneself and others, and second, it is conducive to overcoming the unhealthy trend of selfish slander.

Third, the impeached person and others are allowed to plead their defenses, and those who have been wronged must be punished. Gao Gong not only emphasized that supervision officials at all levels should act impartially when evaluating officials, check the name and truth, and guard against being untruthful. It also proposed that the impeached person and others should be allowed to defend themselves. He said: 'Those who have been impeached and wronged are still evident in their accusations and judgments. So that the villain shall not be slandered, and the jiān person shall not be poisoned, this is the way of the great duke! ’

Fourth, strengthen the control and evaluation of supervision officials. Gao Gong asked all the officials to follow the officials, so that 'no hiding officials, no hiding, no messing, according to the truth to correct the robbery. He also proposed: "If there is any severity, and those who plan to deviate from it, listen to the headquarters to participate in the investigation." ''If the impeachment is rampant, and the virtuous or not, the person who is reversed will be determined to participate in the recital, and the sin will be the reason for sin. 'Anyone who corrects the impeachment is untrue and has a legacy, the officials will visit the public and refer to the truth and participate in the performance. ’

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For its three drawbacks, despise the thin border officials and the officials of salt and horses. The countermeasure of the high arch is to strengthen the selection of border officials and salt and horse officials. Regarding the governor of the border area, he proposed: "In the future, it is necessary to select and eliminate the people of Jinshi, and the miscellaneous flow is not necessary." If there is a performance, it will be recommended from the actual performance, and the line will be promoted. 'About the Salt Horse Officer. He said in the recital: "Today's Taifu Yuan Horse Temple is in charge of horse administration, and Rong Wu is the capital. The Salt Transportation Department is in charge of salt administration, and the state depends on it. All of them are important positions, and they are not idle...... In the future, we should break with the convention, and all the vacancies of 'secretaries' and 'envoys' must be filled by honest and talented people. In addition, the rank is determined, and the 'secretary' is regarded as the chief secretary participating in politics, and the 'envoy' is regarded as the deputy envoy of the judicial department. After the completion of the government, the political participants will be promoted to the same as the political participants. If it is more excellent, check the story of the first dynasty, and use it super-well!

For its disadvantages, the use of power for personal gain, unscrupulous means. Gao Gong is in the Ministry of Officials, improve the method of appointing and dismissing officials, and put an end to the loopholes of abusing power for personal gain. Before the high arch, the promotion of officials was all revealed by the director of the Wenxuan Division, and Langzhong's secret was presented to Shangshu. Although there are waiters in the hall and members of the division, they are all listed, but they are not heard. Why? Gao Gong pointed out sharply that this is just 'yù doing his own thing, so he is secret'. It was required that if there was an official after rì, the scribe must be ordered to carry the scribe to the back hall, and the two servants should be exposed with the same subordinate, so that Shangshu and Langzhong could not go up and down, and their selfishness could not succeed.

At the same time, reward the honest and punish the corrupt. For corruption, Gao Gong advocated severe punishment. He said: "Over the years, those who have studied the cruel have not studied the people for the people, so those who follow the example are not different. Today, the redeemers still ask questions to recover the stolen goods, and within a few years, Shilu will be purged. That is to say, in dealing with corruption, it is necessary not only to dismiss officials and reduce them from their posts, but also to ask questions to recover the stolen goods, so that the corrupt people will not be taken advantage of economically. For honest officials, he advocated rewards. He said: "Those who do not act will be punished, but they can be punished." If the sage is not rewarded, how can he be advised? ’

Third, we should commend and crack down on bribery. In view of the widespread tendency in society to reverse right and wrong, to take bribes and accept them for granting and accepting bribes for granting and accepting bribes, and to seek harsh blame, Gao Gong proposed: "Whoever encounters a bribe, that is, he should be in charge of the official, and his crime should be justified, and he will still be ordered to carry out the Nanjing Ministry and the two Kyoto procuratorates, sections, and provincial officials, as well as the yamen everywhere, and inform them as one. The list of recommended calves, and not the reverse of the flawed category! ’

For its disadvantages, dereliction of duty, there are orders not to work. Gao Gong advocated breaking the stereotype of punishing officials and following a fixed number. On this issue, Gao Gong emphasized two points, one is to proceed from reality and should not stipulate the quota; The second is to draw a clear line between the unscrupulous and the subtle. He said: "The so-called is not good. It must be a great jiān, a great evil, and a cruelty to civil affairs, but it is worthy of it. "Those who are examined and punished must be great evils, truly unscrupulous people, and all the details are not to be discussed. If there are many people, you might as well go more; There are few bad ones; Might as well go less. Push the most, and don't still do the same.

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I vomited blood when I wrote this chapter, and I thought I would finish it in the early hours of this morning, but I ended up writing it now......

Although it is very hard, I know that most of the people don't like this kind of boring content, but when it comes to the Longqing New Deal, the Longqing New Deal, what is it, and why will it rejuvenate the huge empire in just a few years? So its content is inescapable.

In fact, I also considered using a subtle way to write in the story, but that is only suitable for the protagonist, if you don't want the high arch to occupy too much space, you can only do this.

Fortunately, there will be no more in the future, everyone has the right to endure it, and it will enter the story immediately...... RO！ ~！