readx; The Jingshi has already quarreled because of the increase in officials, but Yan Ermei, the prefect of Kaifeng, who was the first to play the music, is completely unaware. Pen | fun | pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoThe disaster relief and preparations for the election of officials in the past few days have kept him busy in the dark. After receiving the holy decree this morning, he hurriedly began the selection, who knew that for today, the reformers who support the emperor and the conservatives who stick to the old ways have had several rounds of confrontation!

A total of 20 officials were co-opted this time. According to everyone's guess, it is probably three people from each of the six room scribes, plus a maximum of two government service leaders. But when Yan Ermei announced the list of positions, everyone's mouths opened in surprise, because these official positions were unheard of!

The 20 positions are:

Directly under the prefect's management: 1. Prefect's assistant;

Officials' rooms: 2. Personnel envoys; 3. Civil Envoys;

Households: Fourth, tax envoys; 5. Financial Envoy; Sixth, the grain depot envoy; 7. Industry and Commerce Envoy; Eighth, agriculture and forestry envoys; Nine, the premises envoy; 10. Auditors;

Rite room: 11, cultural and educational envoy; 12. Health Envoy;

Barracks: XIII, militia envoys;

Torture room: 14, public security envoy; XV. Judicial Envoy; 16. Procurators; XVII. Inspectors;

Workshop: 18, traffic envoy; XIX. Construction Make; Twentieth, science and technology.

Of course, these positions could not have been conceived by Yan Ermei, and they were completely written by Zhu Youzhen alone. Although he still classifies these positions in the six rooms, in reality, he wants to break the six-ministry system that has been in place in China for nearly a thousand years and replace them with modern government institutions.

Zhu Youzhen learned during his lectures in Japan that the establishment of the six departments of officials, households, rites, soldiers, criminals, and workers sprouted from the Qin and Han dynasties, developed in the Wei and Jin dynasties, and was officially called the six departments in the Sui and Tang dynasties. The biggest feature of this kind of government agency setup is simplicity, all government functions have been included, but the officials used are very few, which is very suitable for the ancient imperial court with low productivity in agricultural society, simple social activities, and low government income.

However, it is now the 17th century, and the Western powers are about to smash open the door of China with strong ships and cannons, and the sprouts of capitalism have blossomed everywhere in the economically developed areas such as Jiangnan, and social activities are becoming more and more complex, and the requirements for the level of government administration are getting higher and higher. If we still stick to the old system of the six ministries and do not carry out major reforms, we will be ruthlessly left behind by the train of the development of the times. Of course, it was necessary to put into practice the establishment of local government institutions that he had conceived for a long time, first on a pilot basis at the local level, and then gradually spread it to the whole country from the bottom up.

To put it bluntly, the setting of these unpopular official positions is completely made by Zhu Youzhen with reference to the institutional settings of modern city and county governments:

The prefect's assistant is the mayor's assistant, assisting the prefect in carrying out overall work.

The personnel envoy is the personnel bureau, which is responsible for the assessment, rewards and punishments, promotion, and filing of officials.

The Civil Affairs Envoy is equivalent to the Civil Affairs Bureau and the Social Security Bureau, and is responsible for various matters related to the people's livelihood, especially the livelihood of low-income people. The Chief of the Cabinet is concurrently served by the Personnel Envoy, who is equivalent to the Deputy Mayor in charge of personnel and civil affairs.

Households have the most official positions because they involve the most government functions. The Tax Envoy and the Fiscal Envoy, as the name suggests, are equivalent to the Tax Department and the Finance Bureau. Both departments are in charge of money, the difference is that one is in charge of collecting money and the other is in charge of spending money. In the past, these two tasks in the yamen were mixed up, and Zhu Youzhen thought it was very inappropriate, and now he completely separates them. In this way, the two accounts of income and expenditure can be managed separately, which can effectively prevent problems such as "small treasury" and "sitting on revenue and expenditure".

The grain depot envoy is the grain bureau. In this era of "food for the people", food is the most important strategic resource. However, in the past, in addition to collecting land every year, the yamen completely left grain circulation and prices to themselves, resulting in frequent sharp rises and falls in grain prices, or grain shortages and grain shortages, which greatly threatened national security and the people's livelihood. Zhu Youzhen's purpose in setting up grain depots is to effectively manage the local government's grain stocks, not only to ensure that there is always grain in the depot in case of emergency, but also to play the function of stabilizing grain prices.

The Chamberlain of Industry and Commerce specialized in the management of industry, mining, handicrafts and commerce, and was much more powerful than the Bureau of Industry and Commerce in previous generations. "Shinong Industry and Commerce", industry and commerce ranked last, and the social status of practitioners in the past was very low. However, in Zhu Youzhen's view, the era of industry and commerce creating most of the wealth in society is coming, and strong guidance must be provided from the government level, so this position is also very important.

The agriculture and forestry envoy is responsible for agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and sideline fishery, and the real estate envoy is responsible for the registration of land and houses. In addition, the real estate envoy also has the functions of the Land and Resources Bureau and the Planning Bureau, and with the development of industry, there will be more and more changes in the nature of the land, so this is also a busy position.

The audit envoy is equivalent to the audit bureau, which is responsible for reviewing all the accounts of the entire yamen, and its significance is self-evident. The Treasurer is also the Chief Resident.

There are only two positions attributed to the ceremonial room. The Minister of Culture and Education is responsible for matters of culture, education, religion, etc.; The health envoy managed all the local medical centers, pharmacies, and Langzhong, and Zhu Youzhen was also preparing to gradually transfer the jurisdiction of the hospitals opened by the Tai Hospital in various places to the local government. The Minister of Culture and Education is also the Chief of the Chamber.

There are even fewer positions in the barracks, and there is only one militia envoy, who is responsible for the management and training of the local militias, and of course the chief of the barnhouse. Because the military administration is very special, involving the reform of the military household system and very sensitive issues such as the command and transfer of troops, Zhu Youzhen does not intend to let the local yamen get too involved. As for the militia groups, Zhu Youzhen regarded them as reserves, which should be managed by the local yamen, rather than the private armed forces of the local landlords.

The four positions in the torture room correspond to the modern Public Security Bureau, the Procuratorate, the Court and the Supervision Bureau. The public security, procuratorate, and law perform their respective duties, cooperate with each other, and check each other, which is conducive to raising the level of case handling, and can also prevent bending the law for personal gain and giving rise to unjust cases to a certain extent. As for the supervision envoys, they are dedicated to the officials of the yamen and their subordinate yamen, and if any officials break the law or misbehave, the supervision envoys must report to the prefect and the procurator at the same time. The Chief Judge of the Prison Chambers is also a judicial envoy.

Although there are only three new jobs, they are second only to households in importance. The traffic envoy is responsible for road construction and maintenance, and the construction envoy is responsible for building buildings and water conservancy. The science and technology envoy is an official position that has never been held in Chinese history, and is specifically responsible for collecting inventions and creations, improving processes, and cooperating with cultural and educational envoys to carry out science popularization work. The chief engineer of the workshop is also the construction officer.

With so many new positions, the people who participated in the competition were dazzled by the eyes, and naturally felt very fresh. Seeing that there were a lot of people, Yan Ermei announced in a hoarse voice: "The competition begins!" ”