Twenty miles outside Yanzhou City, abandoned military households, noon. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

"Why is King Lu so ruthless? How can such a small place accommodate 200,000 victims? Zhu Huiyan held his handkerchief tightly and stared at the military household in front of him.

Hou Guoxing looked at Zhu Huiyan's pale face, a trace of unbearability flashed in his heart, and comforted:

"This matter is not caused by King Lu alone, there are natural disasters and man-made disasters!"

When Zhu Huiyan entered the city, he was originally satisfied with King Lu's disaster relief measures. But when I arrived at the rice shop, I found that there was a long queue of people buying rice.

Paper can't contain the fire, and soon Zhu Huiyan understood the true thoughts of the facts in the grievances and lamentations of the people who bought rice, and heard that the victims of the disaster had gathered here.

Convinced that the people of the old Zhu family could not do such things, she was devastated. clamoring to come here to find out. Hou Guoxing had no choice but to take her here.

(Note: Let's have an anti-piracy chapter, change it in two hours.) I will continue to send you a party and government at the end of the Ming Dynasty)

1. Arguments

In the early years of Wanli, Zhang Juzheng began a vigorous reform. He strengthened the centralized system of power in the cabinet. Some Donglin bigwigs, who played a core role in the future party struggle, stood on the opposite side of Zhang Juzheng with a clear banner under the high pressure of the powerful Zhang Juzheng. They are: Gu Xiancheng, Ye Xianggao, Zhao Yongxian.

2. The dispute between the cabinet and the department

The dispute between the cabinet lasted from the 18th year of Wanli to the 22nd year of Wanli, and the cabinet ministers successively had Shen Shixing, Zhao Zhigao, Zhang Wei, and Wang Xijue, and the presiding officers successively had Song Qi, Lu Guangzu, Sun Yan, Zhao Yongxian (the left servant of the ministry), and Chen Younian. In the end, it ended in a complete victory for the ministers.

The Cabinet Dispute at this stage has the following characteristics:

(1) Cabinet disputes

The Cabinet dispute was a power struggle between the Cabinet and the Outer Court Government (mainly the Six Ministries, especially the Ministers). There is a clear distinction between the two sides in terms of political power and structure, and it is not an exaggeration to say that this kind of power struggle can be classified as self-centeredness.

(2) There are no major cases

The disputes between the cabinet and the ministry are all normal struggles over administrative affairs, and the focus of the struggle is basically the business of the ministry. Although it is difficult to say who is right and who is wrong on both sides of the struggle, the aims, positions, and means of both sides are very clear and clear, and the final result is very mild, but it is only an active or passive dismissal or demotion.

(3) The appearance of the government side in the outer court has a huge influence

Since the main focus of the struggle was on the business of the ministry, it was basically the officials of the ministry who came forward on the side of the government of the outer court. In other words, as the head of the six ministries and nine secretaries, the officials of the Ministry of Officials, on behalf of the government, took the initiative to carry out the power struggle with the cabinet based on their own business, and their performance was very eye-catching. At this time, many of the characters who appeared in the Ministry will have a huge impact in the future, such as Gu Xiancheng, Zhao Lanxing, and Gao Panlong, all of whom can be regarded as the core figures of the Donglin Party. Because of their huge influence in the future, the relatively simple cabinet dispute has become important.

(4) The emperor's role is pivotal, and his position is more obvious

An examination of the dispute between the cabinet and the cabinet shows that although the cabinet won the final victory, it was very passive in the whole process of the struggle, and it can even be said that it was beaten everywhere. In the course of the struggle, the officials took the initiative and not only took the lead in the struggle for power, but also exerted a huge influence on the government and the opposition, and their prestige was also rising. The final victory of the cabinet was entirely due to the fact that Emperor Shenzong was on their side and frequently intervened. At this stage, Emperor Shenzong also rarely stayed in the middle minister's recitals, and frequently acted as the final inquisitor, and his performance was very active.

3. Party struggle in the early stage

After the cabinet dispute, there was a relative calm for several years.

In the 22nd year of Wanli, Shen has always entered the cabinet. In October of the 26th year of Wanli, Zhao Zhigao, the first assistant, recuperated at home, and Shen has always been in charge of the cabinet alone, which lasted for three years. Shen has always been originally from Ningbo, Zhejiang, and during his tenure, most of the Zhejiang officials were attached to his subordinates, such as Chen Zhilong in the right middle, Yao Wenwei in the household department, Zhong Zhaodou in the engineering department, and He Canran, a member of the ministry.

In the 29th year of Wanli, Shen Li, the former secretary of the Ministry of Rites, and Zhu Geng entered the cabinet as a scholar of Dongge University. After Shen Li entered the cabinet, he also made a deep self-acceptance with the left capital Yu Shi Wenchun in the same year, and the right attendant of the protégé and rite department, Guo Zhengyu, etc., and the dispute between friends and friends gradually emerged. In the early stage of the party struggle, after the three major battles of the King of Chu case, the demon book case, and the Yisi Jingcha case, it finally ended with the dismissal of the commanders of both sides, Shen Yiyi and Shen Li, on the same day in July of the 34th year of Wanli.

This stage of the struggle gave rise to new features:

(1) Evenly matched, no longer bounded by the cabinet

On one side of the struggle is the Zhejiang Party with Shen Cheng as the core, and on the other side is the Donglin Party with Shen Li as the core. With the expulsion of the officials and the entry of Shen Li into the cabinet, both sides of the struggle had cabinet ministers in the cabinet, and the two sides had cabinet ministers as the core, and all departments of the government in Beijing were involved in party disputes, and the performance of the six ministries was eye-catching. The two sides were evenly matched in the struggle, and the fight was evenly matched.

(2) Major cases have arisen and the struggle has deepened

At this stage, two major cases, the Chu King Case and the Demon Book Case, appeared, which can be regarded as the escalation of the means of struggle and the deepening of the level of struggle. Compared with the struggle for government affairs in the dispute between the cabinet and the minister, the struggle around major cases is more intense and complicated. First of all, there is no room for discussion in such major cases, where right is wrong, right is right. In the case of King Chu, it is right that Zhu Huakui is the son of King Gong of Chu, otherwise it is wrong; In the Demon Book case, the person who concocted the Demon Book was wrong. Secondly, this kind of case involves a major case, and the case of the King of Chu involves whether the King of Chu is authentic, which is very important in the feudal era; The demon book case even involves the royal prince, which can be said to be related to the country. It is precisely because the two cases involve major and clear distinctions between right and wrong, so the results of their handling are also clear and cruel, in the demon book case, the suspected main culprit Hui Shengguang was executed by Ling Chi, and his family was assigned to the frontier to fill the army. In both cases, a number of people were subjected to brutal torture. But no one could figure out the ins and outs of these two major cases, so the two sides flew up and down, intrigued, and launched a fierce struggle around the process of the case. The struggle deepened and brutalized, and the grievances between the two sides became more irreconcilable.

(3) The emperor played a key role, but was hesitant

Due to the seriousness, complexity and cruelty of the case, the Wanli Emperor was more cautious and stayed in the center many times, reflecting his hesitation. But at the last moment, the Wanli Emperor decisively came up with a thunderbolt to stop the continuation of the case and the further development of the struggle.

(4) Normal government affairs have been affected by party disputes

Otomi Kyocha was carried out for 7 months before and after the party dispute; In the course of party disputes, many officials were dismissed from their posts and failed to make up for them in a timely manner, and this cannot but seriously affect the normal operation of the government.

4. Medium-term party struggle

After Shen Cheng and Shen Li left office one after another, only Zhu Geng remained in the cabinet. The addition of ministers is on the agenda. After a fierce struggle, on May 25, Wanli 35, Emperor Shenzong issued an edict to add the prince of Shenxing, Taibao Rite Department Shangshu and Dongge University Scholar, Ye Xianggao and Li Tingji Shengli Department Shangshu and Dongge University Scholar, the three of them entered the cabinet at the same time, and then issued an edict to recruit the old auxiliary Wang Xijue to enter the court as the first assistant. Since then, until August of the forty-second year of Wanli, Ye Xianggao, a university scholar, finally obtained the approval of Shenzong after more than ten requests from Shangshu, and Fang Congzhe succeeded him as the first assistant, Ye Xianggao has been speaking for the Donglin Party in the cabinet, and for a considerable period of time, Ye Xianggao was the sole minister of the cabinet. And from this to the forty-fifth year of Wanli, it has only been 3 years, and during this period, the Donglin Party is just surviving. The 45th year of Wanli Ding Si Jingcha marked the complete decline of the Donglin Party.

Characteristics of this stage of the struggle:

(1) The Donglin Party had the upper hand, and the scope of the struggle continued to expand

At this stage, the two sides of the struggle were the Donglin Party on one side, and the old three parties and the new three parties on the other. (The old three parties: Zhejiang Party, Xuancheng people right Zhongyun Tang Binyin led by the Xuan Party and Kunshan people Zuo Yude Gu Tianjun headed by the Kun Party; The New Three Parties: The Qi Party headed by Qi Shijiao, Han Jun, and Zhou Yongchun from Shandong, the Chu Party headed by Ying Zhen and Wu Liangsi from Huguang, and the Zhejiang Party headed by Liu Tingyuan and Yao Zongwen from Zhejiang) Generally speaking, the Donglin Party still has the upper hand, and they not only have Ye Xianggao monopolizing the cabinet for a long time, but also have forces in various departments. On the other hand, their opponents, Tang Binyin is only the right Zhongyun, Gu Tianjun is the left Yude, and the leaders of the Qi Party and the Chu Party are even just a small matter, and there are only a few people in their so-called party full calculation. Due to the fact that a large number of officials were laid off because of the party struggle, many posts became vacant, so that all the imperial historians of the provinces joined the party struggle, and the scope of the struggle was further expanded.

(2) The struggle has become increasingly fierce, and the "party" has become a new weapon of attack

At this stage, the struggle became increasingly fierce, and there were major cases, Beijing inspections, and routine government affairs, which rose and fell one after another, and the waves were magnificent. The "party" became a new weapon in this period, and the well-known Donglin Party, Zhejiang Party, and Qilu Xuankun Party all appeared at this stage.

(3) The role of the emperor is still crucial, but the fatigue is obvious

In the face of complex and fierce party struggles, Emperor Wanli is still the ultimate anchor of the sea, playing a decisive role. However, in the face of one after another and continuous party disputes, it is also a person who will get tired of it. Moreover, sometimes the emperor's decree does not work. Big cases can always make a turn of the peak, Jingcha - the person the emperor wants to protect, as long as he stinks, he will step down. Emperor Wanli was also helpless about this.

(4) Normal government affairs are greatly affected by party disputes

5. Later party strife

After Mingguangzong ascended the throne, he began to rehabilitate the Donglin Party. His reign was short, but his son Ming Xizong continued his policy of rehabilitation. In the early years of the Apocalypse, a large number of Donglin Party members entered the top level of the government, the so-called "Zhongzheng Ying Dynasty". However, as Wei Zhongxian gradually seized power and persecuted the Donglin Party on a large scale, the Donglin Party's power suddenly changed from an extreme high tide to an extremely low ebb.