PS. Loneliness sat in front of the computer at three o'clock in the afternoon and began to code words, I thought it could be more than 10,000 a day, who knew that it was more than eight o'clock in the evening to write these 4,000 words, all used to check the information, the purpose is just to be a little more correct for the Chinese medicine that has been sprayed into a dog, after all, loneliness has seen the efficacy of Chinese medicine more than once, even though it has no scientific basis.

In the nineteenth century, the organic chemical industry developed rapidly from scratch, people separated a series of new compounds such as benzene, naphthalene, anthracene, toluene, aniline and other new compounds in coal tar, and in 1856, chemist Parkin synthesized the first synthetic dye aniline violet in human history with aniline as raw material, and then chemists synthesized a series of dyes.

The pharmaceutical industry should be said to have started in Germany, when some dye industry and chemical industry merged to become the pharmaceutical industry, and some scientists began to study the structure-activity theory of drugs, and the research direction of the new pharmaceutical enterprises was to identify and prepare synthetic drugs, and study their role in treatment, and pharmaceutical companies began to cooperate with academia in Germany.

Dyes, immune antibodies, and other physiologically active substances were used to understand their effects on pathogenic bacteria until 1906, when Paul Ehrlich discovered synthetic compounds that could selectively kill parasites, germs, and other pathogens, leading to large-scale industrial research, which continued to be used until Sun Wei crossed, the most famous of which was Bailangduo in later generations.

Bailang Duoxi is actually not a sulfonamide drug, because it does not have antibacterial properties, but its internal azo part undergoes an ethylation reaction with the body's internal metabolism to produce ambenzenesulfonamide, which is often referred to as p-aminobenzene sulfonamide in chemistry, so as to produce an antibacterial effect.

The reason why p-aminobenzene sulfonamide can inhibit the growth of bacteria is that its mechanism of action starts from the production and reproduction of bacteria.

The growth and reproduction of bacteria requires a substance called p-daphenylformic acid, which is necessary for bacteria to synthesize folic acid, and bacteria can gradually synthesize nucleic acids with folic acid until they synthesize nuclophorin to ensure the growth and reproduction of bacteria.

In the process of bacteria using p-triamethnoic acid to synthesize folic acid, p-aminobenzene formahydrate needs to be combined with dihydrofolate synthase in bacteria, and sulfonamides can also combine with the enzyme of bacteria using p-aminoformic acid because of their chemical structure is similar to p-triamethanoic acid, so that this enzyme of bacteria is contested, so that bacteria cannot use p-aminoformic acid to synthesize folic acid, resulting in the inability of nuclear proteins to synthesize, thus causing the bacteriostatic property of sulfonamides.

Sulfonamides have excellent efficacy in the chemotherapy of bacterial infections, and its discovery and a series of new research results on the synthesis of sulfonamides have created a ****** in chemotherapy, so that bacterial infectious diseases with high mortality rates have been controlled, and the elucidation of its mechanism of action provides new ideas for drug research and metabolic antagonism.

Human beings have relied on sulfonamides to achieve unprecedented victories in the battle against germs, and many serious diseases that threaten people's lives, such as puerperal fever, erysipelas, scarlet fever, sepsis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, epidemic meningitis, bacillary dysentery, various traumatic infections and purulent infections of the eyes, ears, nose and throat, etc., have been conquered.

Sulfonamides themselves are toxic, which is also one of the important factors for sulfonamides to be replaced by antibiotics in the previous life, and it is used as an antibacterial drug more to attack the virus with poison, but p-aminobenzene sulfonamide is a less toxic kind of sulfonamides, it is effective for hemolytic streptococcal infection, urinary tract infection, etc., and is also an intermediate in the synthesis of other sulfonamides.

The synthesis of p-aminobenzenesulfonamide is actually very simple, the process is roughly that the acetonilide reacts with the ****** at 40 to 50 degrees Celsius, cools after the reaction, and then slowly adds it to water for acid decomposition, and at the same time sedimentation, drying and filtration to obtain p-aminobenzenesulfonyl chloride, and then carries out ammoniation in an environment of 40 to 45 degrees Celsius, and then hydrolysis and acidification after the completion of ammonia, so as to prepare the p-aminobenzene sulfonamide that Sun Wei needs.

Such a simple synthesis experiment can be completed in only four to five hours in normal times, and even if an unskilled person like Sun Wei conducts the experiment for the first time, it will not exceed six hours at most, but the most difficult part of the synthesis experiment is that there is no ethnoylaniline and ****** that can be used for experiments in this era, so Sun Wei once again encountered the problem encountered in the synthesis of sildenafil, and the raw materials used in the experiment must be synthesized first before the synthesis experiment begins.

One of the raw materials, ethinoylaniline, is called antipyretic ice in medicine, which has the effect of antipyretic and analgesic, and it was discovered from the intermediate of the dye as early as 1886, which Sun Wei had understood when he studied medicine in his previous life, but he did not find this raw material in all the foreign banks on the Bund, and the reason for this is only two words, ignorance.

With the development of Western medicine, most of the drugs are still in the stage of extracting active ingredients from natural medicines, such as extracting epecine from ipecac root, ******** from crocus spp., quinine from cinchona bark, colchicine from colchicum seeds, ****** from coffee beans, separating narsaine and ****** from jaca tablets, obtaining ****** from coca leaves, extracting methaxanthin and pseudocannabinoid from ephedra, After getting ****** from coca leaves.

It was not until 1890 that chemists formulated a relatively simple structure of p-aminobenzene ethyl methoate for local anesthesia and pain relief for ulcers and hemorrhoids, which caused a boom in the chemical synthesis of Western medicine, and in 1897, chemist Harris synthesized eucaine, which is an aromatic ester derivative with a tropine ring, and found that its anesthetic effect was better than that obtained from ******coca leaves, and it played a role in fueling the fire.

In 1893, chemist Hoffman made acetoyl salicylic acid, which we often call aspirin, and produced it in large quantities after six years of clinical trials.

Unlike synthetic Western medicine, which has just been valued, the current Chinese medicine is not the production line doctors that the University of Chinese Medicine has quickly trained in three or five years, most of them have been passed down from generation to generation, and the Chinese medicine at this time has not yet reached the point where it is called witchcraft or deception in the hearts of the people in later generations.

In the hearts of the people, Chinese medicine can cure diseases that can be cured by Western medicine, and many diseases that cannot be treated by Western medicine can also be treated by Chinese medicine, so except for necessary surgical operations, the people of Shanghai do not believe in Western medicine.

At present, most of the Western medicine in the concession is for foreigners who are also skeptical of traditional Chinese medicine, and the total number of foreigners in the British and French concessions will not exceed 10,000, which is not much market for Western medicine at all, so it has caused the unsalable Western medicine, and the final result of the unsalable Western medicine is that this Western medicine is no longer sold.

In fact, the development of Western medicine in China is also due to the anti-traditional, anti-Confucianism, and anti-Wenyan New Culture Movement initiated by Hu Shi, Chen Duxiu, Lu Xun, Qian Xuantong, Li Dazhao and other Western-educated people.

In his previous life, Hu Shi, the initiator of the New Culture Movement, had a rumor about traditional Chinese medicine, and it was rumored that in 1920 he suddenly fell ill and found that he had eaten too much, drank too much, and urinated too much, but he was getting thinner and thinner.

After careful diagnosis, the experts of Peking Union Medical College Hospital concluded that there was no cure for the advanced stage of diabetes, and they could only go home to recuperate, which meant that Hu Shi could only go home and wait for death.

Western medicine had no choice, so his friend persuaded Hu Shi to see Chinese medicine, it was the critical period of the academic science and metaphysics debate, Hu Shi was the main general of the scientific school, and what he opposed was a tradition like Chinese medicine that had no scientific basis, and asked him to go to see Chinese medicine, wouldn't it be the initiative to put down the flag in his hand?

However, the face is small, but the life is big, Hu Shi finally agreed.

It was Lu Zhong'an, a famous doctor in Beijing, who came to see Hu Shi, Chinese medicine is not as complicated as Western medicine, it is a blood test, and a urine test, Lu Zhongan just checked Hu Shi's pulse with his hand, and asked about the condition, and said calmly: "This disease is very easy to treat, just take a few decoctions based on astragalus, if the disease is not good, I am the only one to ask." ”

Hu Shi, who was sentenced to death by Western medicine, drank the traditional Chinese medicine prescribed by Lu Zhong'an in disbelief, but he didn't expect the symptoms to disappear after a few months, and then went to Union Hospital for examination, which was really good!

The doctors were amazed, how was this possible? Who treated Mr. Hu's illness? Hu told the truth later.

This incident caused a sensation, and Chinese medicine, which was considered unscientific by the New Culture Movement, cured the disease of the famous New Culture Movement, which made the New Culture Movement very embarrassed.

Hu Shi also felt very shameless and noncommittal about this matter, but the grace of saving his life must not be forgotten, and Hu Shi once wrote an article on a painting of Lin Qinnan to express his gratitude.

It turned out that Lin Qinnan had also received the benefits of Lu Zhong'an's wonderful hand rejuvenation, and in order to express his gratitude, he personally made a Confucian medical research classic "Autumn Room Study Map" and sent it, which was also inscribed with a Tongcheng style of classical Chinese, Lu Zhongan ingeniously asked Hu Shi to inscribe on it, and Hu Shi also readily agreed.

"Autumn Room Study Map" has been unknown in later generations, because of the words Hu Shi, it is expected to be difficult to escape several disasters, but Hu Shi for Lu Zhong'an's inscription in "Autumn Room Study Map" is a public case, even Hu Shi himself can not deny it.

Hu Shi actually refuted the rumors several times when he was in Taiwan for the sake of seeing Chinese medicine for himself, saying that he had never had any diabetes, but his friend had acute kidney disease and was favored by Lu Zhongan, and repeatedly emphasized that Western medicine can also see this disease, as for why he inscribed on the "Autumn Room Study Map" without any explanation.

Traditional Chinese medicine pays attention to the third generation of famous doctors, in the speed of cultivation can not be compared with the Western medicine that can be fast-made, can not catch up with the needs of the Chinese people for doctors, for those quacks who are not proficient in the art to provide a loophole, bad reputation of Chinese medicine, at the same time Western medicine has made a major breakthrough in the synthesis of drugs, the production of antibiotics that can effectively treat bacterial infections, which is definitely an effective and fast-acting drug compared with traditional Chinese medicine without any scientific basis, so it is doomed to the decline of traditional Chinese medicine.

Sun Wei himself actually believes in traditional Chinese medicine, mainly because he was born in the countryside and received most of the treatment before the new century from traditional Chinese medicine to Western medicine rural doctors, this kind of doctor in addition to the treatment of colds and fever and other diseases with Western medicine, such as skin cysts caused by fire, such as skin gland cysts and other skin diseases can be reduced in a few days with a plaster made of I don't know what herbs to use, which can be regarded as science outside science.

Even if he is not hostile to traditional Chinese medicine, Sun Wei has to scold the people for their ignorance at this time, if the people of Shanghai believe in Western medicine, then there will be no situation where he can't buy ethnoaniline.

The most conventional synthesis method of ethinoylaniline in the previous life was to put aniline and excess glacial acetic acid in a jacketed glass-lined reactor for heating for acylation reaction, and reflux synthesis was carried out under the condition of micro-boiling of the mixture until there was no free aniline, and after the reaction was completed, it was filtered while hot, the residue was removed, the filtrate was cooled, crystallized, centrifugal filtration, washed and dried in water to obtain the product.

After the experimental idea is pushed here, then the question arises again, how to obtain aniline, the raw material for the production of ethinoylaniline.

Of course, this is just a joke, aniline is the most important raw material in the chemical industry at this stage, and the o-toluiline, benzidine, m-chloroaniline, and prochloroaniline produced as raw materials have been widely used in dyes, spices, saccharin industry, and is the most imported industrial raw material in Shanghai in the chemical industry, so it is not difficult to buy, as for the production of another raw material of ethinoylaniline, glacial acetic acid, also known as high-concentration acetic acid, which is widely available in nature, and is naturally easy to buy.

As for the ****** of another raw material for the formation of ethinoylaniline, its synthesis process is even simpler, and the raw materials are only sulfur trioxide and hydrochloric acid, which are the most common raw materials in the chemical industry in this era.

Due to the layers of barriers to the problem of raw materials for the synthesis of sulfonamides, Sun Wei did not really carry out the experiment of synthetic ammonia until dawn, but this does not mean that he did not sleep all night, he was a little clever when aniline and excess glacial acetic acid were heated and refluxed to produce ethoylaniline, and he called the guards guarding outside the door to help him take care of the experiment, and he took advantage of the gap before the completion of the acylation reaction to take a nap on the bed in the laboratory.

The reason why Sun Wei is so relieved to let two guards who have never gone to school to help him conduct the experiment is that the acylation reaction of aniline and glacial acetic acid is a very time-consuming reaction, and only the heating of the experiment is required in this process, and the experiment is completed when there is no free aniline in the reflux device.

When Sun Wei really started to do the sulfonamide synthesis experiment, it was almost noon, during which Xie Xiaoshu not only brought him breakfast alone in the morning, but also went in with Wang Qian, who came to check on his nightly homelessness, but was immediately gifted by Sun Wei, who was eager to synthesize sulfonamides. (To be continued.) )