The Portuguese led a fleet in 1625 to occupy the city of El Salvador, which was controlled by the Dutch.

However, after the economic collapse of Castile in 1627, the Dutch took the opportunity to organize a navy and disrupt the maritime trade of Spain and its vassal state.

From then on, Britain and the Netherlands began to frequently attack the Portuguese coastline and plunder the wealth of Spain and Portugal.

Between 1638 and 1640, the Dutch gradually encroached on the Portuguese colony of northeastern Brazil.

It was not until Portugal's victory in the war against the Netherlands in 1648 that this situation was reversed, and the Dutch authorities later returned Brazil to Portugal.

Although Dutch colonial policies in Brazil failed, the Dutch later seized land in Ceylon, the Cape of Good Hope, and the East Indies, and monopolized trade in the Japanese city of Nagasaki.

Since then, Portugal's influence in the Far East has been reduced to only two parts: Macao and East Timor.

The Governor of Macau, Mascaru, was under a lot of pressure because he had signed a treaty that was unfavorable to Portugal. In order to regain the trust of King João IV of Portugal, he strongly encouraged João IV to send troops. In order to persuade the king to send troops, Mascolu took out several examples of naval battles between Portugal and the Ming Dynasty.

At the end of August 1521 (the 16th year of Ming Zhengde), Wang Hong, the deputy envoy of Guangdong Haidao, was ordered to expel the Franco.

Wang sent an army to drive the Portuguese away, but met with armed resistance. Wang Feng personally led his soldiers to storm the Portuguese fleet, and at this time, Coelho and Rego each came to the aid of the Portuguese with two large ships, and the Ming army was finally defeated by the fierce Portuguese artillery.

After the failure of the first offensive, Wang Feng drew up a new battle plan.

Prepared some small boats full of oil and firewood, and when a strong south wind blew one day, Wang Feng led 4,000 sergeants and more than 50 ships to attack the Portuguese fleet again.

First of all, some ships filled with anointing oil and forage were ignited, and the fireboats quickly headed towards the Portuguese ships, because the Portuguese ships were huge and rotated slowly, they could not avoid the attack of the fireboats, and soon they burned, and the Portuguese were in chaos.

Wang Feng took the opportunity to send people to dive underwater and scuttle the Portuguese boat that had not caught fire, and the Portuguese jumped into the sea to flee for their lives.

Wang then ordered the sergeant to jump onto the enemy ship and fight the Portuguese, and the Portuguese were defeated. In the end, three large ships were left and fled to a nearby island on 7 September, taking advantage of the darkness.

After daybreak, the wind reversed, and the Portuguese barely escaped the pursuit of the Ming army with a strong northerly wind, and fled back to Manraka, which had been stolen. At this point, China recovered the "Tuen Mun Island" occupied by the Portuguese, and the "Tuen Mun Hai O" and "Kwai Chung Hai O", which were often nuisances.

In 1647, Zheng Chenggong attacked the Portuguese water village, and also relied on fireboats to take advantage of the huge and inflexible characteristics of Portuguese ships to defeat the Portuguese.

After taking out the deeds of Portugal's war with the Ming Dynasty, Fesusha moved out of the war between Portugal and India.

Hall? Francisco? Morality? Governor Almeida commanded 18 ships, about 1,800 Portuguese soldiers and 400 native soldiers from Cochin to India to seize the colonies.

In order to counter the Portuguese, India and Arabia formed a combined fleet, with 240 ships of all types, but 12 large ships, and the others were dhows with only archers. and 60,000 warriors.

The two sides fought fiercely in the Strait of Malacca, and in the end, the Portuguese took full advantage of the maneuverability of their new sailing ships on the ocean, so that the Indian pulp galleons had little chance of hand-to-hand combat, and were sunk by Portuguese artillery in batches like targets.

The war lasted for 5 months, and finally India was forced to sue for peace.

The ratio of casualties on both sides of the war was appalling, with 5,000 killed in India and 0 killed in Portuguese.

After recounting the Portuguese battles with the Asian navies, Mascolu swore to the king with confidence. As long as we send a strong fleet and don't fall for the Ming people's fireship schemes, we will definitely be able to defeat the Zheng family sailors and turn China into a Portuguese colony like Brazil.

João IV listened to Fesusa's advocacy and was very moved. He recruited the Portuguese Admiral Mero? Godinhoe asked.

For the combat effectiveness of the Ming Dynasty navy, Godinho was very disdainful.

Goldinhoe also told João IV that the Ming would only be able to defeat the Portuguese navy by relying on the outnumbers of men and the trickery of the fireships.

As long as he leads the team, he will definitely be able to send all the Zheng family sailors to the bottom of the sea and send Huaxia to the king.

João IV was so confident when he heard that his admirals were so confident, and after the re-emergence of the Zheng family group led by Zheng Chenggong, he greatly robbed Portugal of the trade share in the Far East.

In order to protect the interests of the Far East, but also to expand the colonies in the Far East.

João IV made up his mind. In July 1847 he sent Admiral Mero? Godinho led 137 Portuguese warships and 12,000 soldiers to defeat Zheng Chenggong.

Among the 137 battleships, there were 46 Clark galleons, 48 meters long, with a displacement of 600 tons, armed with 22 24-pounder guns and 8 18-pounder guns.

The Clark hull had ample cabins for cargo storage and accommodation for the crew. In addition, there are multiple decks to accommodate heavy guns, and it is also convenient to fire side-by-side side guns to increase combat power. At the same time, it can withstand attacks from small ships.

The disadvantage is that due to its large hull, which requires a large number of people to operate at the same time, each Clark sailing ship requires at least fifty sailors to maneuver the ship properly......

In addition, the large hull of the Clark makes it unsuitable for navigating the narrow waters of the Mediterranean, and it is prone to the danger of running aground in shallow waters. Moreover, the huge hull will capsize when it encounters strong winds.

The Galen was a modified version of the Clark sailing ship, and in order to make it more suitable for long-range artillery combat and improve handling, England was the first to lower the first superstructure, move it into the hull, and even place it in the first hanging. The speed and maneuverability of these new Galen boats were significantly superior to those of the Clark sailboats. Large Galen ships require 40 sailors, medium ships require only 36 sailors, and small Galen boats require 30 sailors.

In the Anglo-Spanish War, England won the final victory by relying on the Galen ship to move faster and the longer range of artillery to deeply drag down the Spanish "Invincible Armada".

Since seeing the excellent performance of the Galen ship in the Anglo-Spanish War, Western countries have also begun to pay attention to the construction of Galen ships.

On this expedition, Portugal sent 12 large Galen ships, 46 meters long, with a displacement of 800 tons, armed with 12 24-pounder guns and 10 18-pounder guns.

30 medium Galen ships, 38 meters long, displacement 600 tons, armed with 10 24-pounder guns, 8 18-pounder guns.

There are 21 small Galen ships, 33 meters long and 400 tons of displacement. Only 7 9-pounder guns were armed.

As well as 28 armed merchant ships with a length of 24-28 meters and a displacement of 200-600 tons, armed with 6-8 guns.

Riding the wind, standing on the bow of the ship and looking at the endless sea, Goldinho laughed wildly and said to Masco: "With this fleet, I will definitely be able to cut off the head of that despicable yellow race and use it as a wine cup for you!" ”

Hearing Godinho's words, Mascolus looked back at the vast fleet and said through gritted teeth: "When the time comes, I will definitely cut off his head with my own hands to wash away the shame of the day." ”