Section 391 Soviet-Polish War
The capitalists, who did not catch up with the first wave of the price market, regretted it and hurriedly increased production, while those who made a fortune in the first wave of the market have already begun to expand, and the banking industry has also begun to benefit from the search for loans. Pen @ fun @ pavilion wWw. biqUgE。 info
It can be said that China's economy has been completely out of the haze by favorable and investment-stimulated by investment.
When China's economy is good, European commodity imports have increased, and British soda ash and petroleum products are in great demand in China; French wine, fashion, perfume and other luxury goods also have many customers in modern cities such as Shanghai, and it is surprising that French tractors have also begun to enter China on a large scale.
The French tractor is very French, and like the tanks produced by Renault, they are small and fast.
This has something to do with French agriculture, French agriculture is the most developed in Europe, even in the war, France can almost meet its own food needs, but French agriculture has a problem, that is, compared with the British and American farms, their farms are generally smaller, two or three hundred acres of farms account for the vast majority of the farms.
Although this kind of agriculture is relatively stable, the efficiency is not high, so French agriculture is not competitive with the Americans, but their agricultural machinery is more suitable for China's national conditions, because China's rural areas are also dominated by small landlords of less than 1,000 acres, and the number of real large landowners is only a very few.
Another reason is that during the war, a large number of Chinese laborers entered France to work on French farms, and the number of Chinese agricultural laborers was at least one million, so that France drew the same number of laborers from the countryside into the battlefield, and at least 100,000 of these Chinese laborers learned to drive small French tractors.
These Chinese workers have returned from France one after another in the past two years, and they did not come back empty-handed, but with a few years' wages, and after they had money in their hands, some of them bought land and built houses in their hometowns, and became landlords with peace of mind.
However, China is industrializing, and wages in cities are much higher than in rural areas, and grain from large farms in Northeast China and more and more grain imports from Brazil have generally made food prices generally low, so the wages of long-term workers in rural areas are high, but the price of land is very low.
After selling dozens of acres and hundreds of acres of land at a low price with their wages for several years, the Chinese workers found that there was no way to make money at all, and hired people to grow grain, the wage price was high, and the grain price was low, so they thought of those agricultural machinery in France, and it happened that the French signed the same agreement with China, and the tariffs dropped significantly, and the French began to sell their products in China, and agricultural machinery became the first batch of products in France to open the Chinese market.
Of course, China's products are also entering Europe on a large scale, cheap steel, Europe has been stagnant because of the war in recent years, while China has been developing diesel engines, as well as diesel locomotives, Siemens electric locomotives, these new means of transportation, are also very attractive to Europe that is being rebuilt.
In addition, grain was also a big deal, and the British tried to buy Chinese grain to replace American grain, so as to save dollars and return it to the United States.
They buy American grain, either in dollars or in gold, and they don't have either, under the high tariff system of the United States, they can't export at all, so they can only choose China, import grain from China, and use export commodities to stabilize the balance of payments, obviously more cost-effective than doing business with the Americans, and the cost of grain in Northeast China is lower than that of the United States, after all, the wages of Chinese workers are far less than those of the United States.
China's wage level is still in a stage of encouraging a daily wage of one or two silver, while the Ford factory in the United States has begun a five-dollar daily wage movement, and the general wage is also about three dollars, which is more than three times the salary of Chinese workers.
As Britain's grain imports shifted to China, American farmers had a harder time, and there were only a few countries in Europe that needed American grain, including Britain and Germany, and Britain was looking for other suppliers because of economic problems, and Germany could not afford American grain.
As a result, the food crisis in the United States must continue.
As Britain began to import grain from China, the European market continued to expand, because the Russians, another supplier of food to Europe, were starving to death at this time.
Speaking of the Russians, Soviet Russia finally completely cleared Denikin, recovered Sevastopol and the Crimean Peninsula, and Denikin went into exile in Britain. At this time their eyes were set on Western Ukraine, which was still occupied by the Poles.
When Soviet Russia and Denikin were entangled, Poland was not idle, the Poles wanted to annex Western Belarus and Western Ukraine, and at the same time intended to support puppet governments in these two places, form an alliance with Poland to jointly fight against Soviet Russia's westward advance, and there was also a dispute in Lithuania, Poland captured Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania, because most of the people in this city were Poles.
Because the Poles have this kind of scheme, coupled with the nature of Soviet Russia, they have clashed in these two places before, and there have been many armed conflicts, but because a small half of the Soviet Russian army confronted the Chinese Defense Forces in the Urals, and more than half attacked Denikin in the south, so it has not deployed too many troops in Western Ukraine and other places, only about 40,000 people, and an army of this size has been defeated by the Poles in many conflicts.
And Vladimir continued to play political tricks, negotiated with Poland, expressed his willingness to cede Minsk and a large amount of territory to Poland, Vladimir's conditions were better than those proposed by the Poles themselves, and they did not need to refuse, so they quickly captured Minsk.
It's just that the Polish army at this time was only a local army, a local army formed after the war, and the regular army in Poland had not yet been formed.
Therefore, the Polish local army won many victories against the Soviet army, but only took advantage of the fact that the tiger of the Soviet army was napping and pulled out a few tiger whiskers, and when Soviet Russia woke up, Poland should be unlucky.
Sure enough, when Denikin was driven away, Vladimir was going to deal with Poland, of the three million Soviet troops, one million were always in the Urals, obviously they were very afraid of China, as for whether they would use force, no one can say, even if they want to attack China's army in Western Siberia, they have to solve Poland first, solve the problem on the Western Front, and then say, the so-called persimmon picks up the soft pinch, Poland first pinched Denikin's bandits, and China must solve Poland, a small country.
More than a million Soviet troops who have been fighting on the battlefield for many years immediately turned their guns and rushed to the Western Front, at this time Vladimir finally didn't have to fool the Poles, if he wanted Ukraine, take it himself!
However, the Poles started the war first, and when the Poles found out that the Soviet troops were gathering westward, they knew that war was inevitable, so they adopted a preemptive approach, taking the lead in capturing Kiev and supporting the puppet government of Petliura.
After the deployment of the main forces of the Soviet army is completed, they will attack from Ukraine in the south and Belarus in the west, and it is possible for the local troops in Poland to bully the local Soviet troops in Ukraine and Belarus.
Tukhachevsky and Budyonny broke through the Polish defenses respectively, and the front rapidly approached Polish territory.
At this time, the British also put pressure on Poland, Poland was destroyed by the Soviet Union, the British could not accept, they absolutely did not want to see a strong Soviet Union occupy Poland again and march to Central Europe, but the British did not want to get involved in a big war again, so they could only force the Poles to make peace with Soviet Russia.
The British drew a border for Poland at the Paris Peace Conference, with the border line of the Polish nation in the East as the boundary, but there were also a large number of Poles living in Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, and these places were also ruled by the Poles in history, and the new Poland was ambitious and planned to take advantage of the opportunity after the world war to expand its territory, so it did not follow the line drawn by the British.
At this time, the British demanded that the Poles negotiate with Soviet Russia on the border demarcated by the Paris Peace Conference, and at the same time, the British government issued an ultimatum to Soviet Russia, demanding that they stop attacking Poland according to the demarcated boundaries, and Soviet Russia did not pay attention to British cattle at all.
Neither side gave the British Empire much face, and the war never stopped, and the Russians soon crossed the Vistula River and marched under the Polish city.
What are the Poles doing, they are busy fighting for power, and the political enemies of the Polish Führer Pilsudski at home constantly put pressure on him under the pretext of the defeat of the Polish army, and as a result, Poland has never been able to twist into a rope and form a strong regular army.
When the Soviets arrived in Warsaw, the Poles woke up from a dream, and only then did the forces abandon their prejudices and begin to unite closely around Pilsudski.
At this time, no one was optimistic about the Poles, the Soviet army surrounded Warsaw on three sides in the north, southeast and southeast, with more than one million people, and the Polish army was less than 500,000, and the Soviet army was well-armed, all of which were Chinese equipment given to the Soviet army by the Tsar's transport brigade, and the Poles were very inferior in weaponry, that is, a batch of German-made munitions supported by the French.
But the Poles had the advantage that the French sent to Poland a Polish army of tens of thousands of people in exile in France, who fought with the French in World War I against Germany, and Hungary also supported a number of munitions.
With the addition of troops with combat experience, supported by patriotic sentiments to defend the homeland and defend the country, and the presence of enemy soldiers in the city, it aroused a sense of crisis that the Poles were divided by Tsarist Russia many times, and they suddenly united together, which was very similar to the sudden unity of the Israeli army in front of the Arabs in later generations, and Poland also completed the reorganization of local troops and formed a new national army.
Then the most elite, the Fifth Army Corps, with veterans of the war as the core, suddenly launched a counteroffensive against the Soviet troops who were about to attack Warsaw, they miraculously broke through Tukhachevsky's defense, and after breaking the Soviet encirclement, Pilsudski was a gambler who dared to put all the chips on it, and he threw all the reserves into it.
The Poles advanced thirty kilometers in one day, so that the Soviet Russia continued to lose, constantly retreated, and there was no time to stop the resistance, at this point they accidentally understood the essence of the blitzkrieg of World War II, and seeing that the retreat was inevitable, Tukhachevsky ordered the army to retreat.
However, under the pressure of the Poles, the Soviet army, which was maintained by high pressure and harsh military discipline, could not adapt at all, so the retreat turned into a rout, and Tukhachevsky tried to form a defensive line on the Neman River, the border line drawn by the British, but was still broken through by the Poles, and the Soviet army continued to retreat.
All the way to the Minsk line.
Soviet Russia did not expect such a big defeat, and after finding that it was impossible to organize an army at all, they asked the Poles for peace, and the Poles were exhausted, and they occupied all the disputed territories in a blast, and the front had advanced to Western Ukraine and Western Belarus, and they did not want to move forward.
So the two countries began peace talks, basically based on the Line of Actual Control (LAC), dividing their respective territories.
Through this battle, the Poles proved their strength, but also exposed their weakness.
That is disunity, the person in charge of the negotiation is controlled by another wave of people, they don't want to fight anymore, so they want to end the war as soon as possible. And Pilsudski believed that Poland had an alliance with Ukraine and had to help Petliura keep his territory, but Poland alone ceased war with Soviet Russia.
For this, Pilsudski also personally apologized to the Ukrainian people.
It's just that the Poles also got part of Western Ukraine and Western Belarus and Lithuania, and the territorial area expanded, and immediately became a newly rising power in Eastern Central Europe, an important bridgehead used by France to contain Germany and Britain responsible for blocking Soviet Russia, and became an important country between Britain and France.
At the same time, the war also had an impact on China, and Yang Chao began to discuss China's military issues with Wu Peifu. (To be continued.) )