/newmessage.php?tosys=1&title="Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

Chapter Errors/Click here to report

On August 29, 1842, Britain and China signed the Treaty of Jiangning, followed by two supplementary treaties on July 22 and October 8, 1843, namely the Treaty of Commerce between the Five Ports and the Treaty of Humen. It further stipulates the privileges of the British Empire in China: first, to lower the tariff on China and set an import tax rate of 5%; 2. Allowing foreign warships to berth in China's treaty ports; 3. Permit Britain to set up a concession in the "Five Mouths".

The Treaty of Wang-Ha, also known as the Five-Port Trade Charter, was signed on July 3, 1844. The Treaty of Mong-Ha consisted of 34 paragraphs with customs tariffs. The main content is that the United States enjoys the same rights as Britain in trade and diplomacy. That is to say, the special rights and interests obtained by the British Empire through the Opium War, except for land cession and indemnity, were obtained by the United States, and in many respects the danger to China was even more severe: 1. Negotiated tariffs. The treaty even stipulated: "If China wants to change its tariff rate in the future, it must negotiate with the consul and other officials of the United States", which was the beginning of the "treaty tariff" pioneered by the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China's modern history, which caused great damage to China's economy. 2. Expand the scope of consular jurisdiction. The treaty stipulates that in the event of litigation between Chinese nationals and U.S. nationals, U.S. nationals shall be arrested and interrogated by U.S. consuls and other officials, and handled in accordance with U.S. laws and practices; In the event of a dispute between a US national and a national of another country in China, "the two countries should listen to the two countries and handle it in accordance with the treaties concluded by each country," and Chinese officials have no right to intervene. As a result, the so-called Qing Dynasty's judicial power to arrest, interrogate, convict, and punish American nationals was completely lost. 3. Violating China's territorial sea rights. U.S. warships were allowed to "inspect trade" in Chinese ports at will, and Qing port officials had to be "friendly" with them. The Qing Dynasty could not control the American merchant ships anchored in China. In addition, the treaty also stipulates one-sided most-favored-nation treatment, and if China gives some kind of preferential treatment to other countries in the future, the United States should treat it equally.

The subsequent Treaty of Whampoa, the Five-Mouth Trade Charter, signed on October 24, 1844, also allowed France to obtain the same privileges as Britain and the United States in China, and added two additional provisions: first, to permit and protect the construction of Catholic churches and cemeteries in treaty ports; 2. Lift the Qing government's ban on Catholicism and return it to the church.

Since all of the above-mentioned treaties have clauses in advance that they can be "amended" after 12 years, and seeing that the date for "amending the treaty" is approaching, the great powers have long been eyeing each other and seeking greater interests in China. In particular, the UK is even more anxious as the date approaches. At this moment, it is unthinkable to abandon the Manchu government, which can give itself a qiē preconceived benefit.

Ah Liguo, Ma Shali, and Ai Tang have been waiting for the so-called Qing Empire to come for a long time, and the qiē just now is just a show to capture the old people. The three countries had already negotiated properly, and although the "treaty amendment" could not be mastered, they were in charge of the interests of the Shanghai Concession and the customs. Flies are also meat, not to mention that this piece of meat is far from being comparable to flies. In addition, you can also take this opportunity to ring the alarm bell for the emperor of the Qing Empire, and when you move seriously in the future, it is best to be obedient, otherwise, the warships and guns of the great powers will not eat dry food.

The three countries also agreed that after getting what they wanted here, they would go to the rebels to have a look, if it was more advantageous in comparison, hehe, then what old friends are not old friends, they have to be wronged first. In short, the interests of the great powers are higher than one qiē.

Now, it's time for the lion to open his mouth, and he has to bite into the bone of the other person in one bite.

"Old friend, for the sake of your sincerity, the contemptible person really can't refuse your request. However, there are some conditions, let's talk about it first, doesn't your country have a saying, what is it called? Oh yes, it's the villain before the gentleman. Mashali sat down his heartbroken old friend and began to speak in a slow voice......

Wu Jianzhang was really sad just now. For these foreign adults, he usually did his best, but now that it is a critical juncture, he actually looks at his own jokes. Especially when he came, he patted his chest with the envoy of the press, where is there a turning arrow in this bow? Now, when he heard that Lord Yang finally spit out, he burst into laughter, wiped his snot and tears, and nodded his head again and again as if he were talking about broken rice. I don't listen to the small things, and if I listen to them too much, I can't remember them at all, so I just listen to a few big things.

“…… The elimination of tariffs will be used to cover the military expenditures of countries, as well as the pensions of people who may be injured...... Concessions, countries have the right of permanent residence...... As for the opium trade, countries do not actually advocate it, and we do not approve of such a thing that damages the image of all countries. As friends, we bring civility and friendship to your Government and people. However, businessmen from various countries now have a lot of inventory, and they can't just throw them away in vain, because that is a damage to the interests of all countries. So, everybody should open one eye, close one eye, and let them sneak away. It's sold enough, and naturally no one sells it, you say yes...... "Marshali is big and small, and the small is small and nagging for a long time......

Wu Jianzhang finally breathed a sigh of relief, that's all, alas, it was all that the official had already expected.

Seeing that the Daotai Lord was grateful and left with joy, even the three remaining actual beneficiaries in the room looked at each other helplessly, shrugged their shoulders, and shook their heads again. It's so easy! It's incredibly simple. But really, there are such absurd governments and officials in this world. In any case, with today's experience, when the time comes to "revise the covenant" in the future, the knife should be sharpened as quickly as possible, and it will be painful to cut it.

At this time, Aitang was even more proud. What the Minister Bourblon told him when he returned home is now a little ridiculous. What a good partner this Qing government is, why should we be afraid of the rebellious government of Tianjing? Without the intervention of the foreign powers, perhaps His Excellency the Minister was right in his fears, and this Qing government was definitely no match for the rebels. But what if the Great Powers join forces to intervene with arms? The result will be completely different. Thinking of this, he couldn't help but feel a little regretful. Unfortunately, I don't know whether it was intentional or unintentional, when His Excellency the Minister left, he took away the only three warships of the Empire in Shanghai, and there were only about 100 marines left here, which was really a little less. You must know that in the future, when the great powers divide the fruits of victory, they will rely on their own strength to speak. Alas, it seems that this huge piece of fat is going to make this guy Ali Guo swallow a big head again.

Just as Aitang thought, because the British had gathered more than 20 warships of various types in Shanghai, and the strength of the army was far greater than that of the United States and France, Ali Guo became a leader of the country.

At present, this aspect of the Qing Dynasty has been settled, although Wu Jianzhang still left a message before leaving, he must go back to persuade the governor before he can sign a written memorandum with various countries. But Ali Guo knew that not to mention a governor, that is, a governor, even their emperor, when he burned his eyebrows, he definitely did not dare to play any tricks. Next, it's time to touch the market over there. Who is going to be suitable?

He looked at Aitang, and immediately shook his head secretly. This so-called guy with the noble blood of France is too arrogant, and the noble blood is high on the lips, and he can't always see the fire. What time is it? Now is the time for everyone to think in one place and work hard in one place, and unity is the most important. What kind of dignity of the nation and the purity of the bloodline are you talking about in front of Mashali, in front of the Americans, isn't it that you don't open a pot and mention a pot? Isn't it overt cursing? This kind of person, even if he goes, he can't accomplish anything big. Besides, going over there is not only to find out the political situation, but also to investigate the real military strength of the other side on the spot. He turned his head to Marshali.

"Your Excellency, while making military preparations, it's time for us to see the attitude of the Tianjing government." With a smile, Ali Guo comfortably lit a thick cigar and took a soft puff, the smoke from his mouth wrapping around his mouth, his tall nose twitching, savoring the aroma of the tobacco.

Mashali shook his hand triumphantly and snapped his fingers, whistling in his mouth, "I've handed it over." I've figured out the right person. ”

Aishang Novel Network would like to thank all book friends for their support biquge.info