Since Shi Bufan learned about the small-scale peasant economic model of the Tang Dynasty through investigation, he also had ideas. This small-scale peasant economy, which produces and sells itself, is a serious constraint on productivity. This small-scale peasant economy model was a means to maintain the stability of the feudal era, but it was precisely because of this small-scale peasant economy that the Chinese dynasties continued to cycle and reincarnate. Shi Bufan also saw that many people believed that land annexation was the cause of the fall of the feudal dynasty, so he proposed to curb land annexation.

However, as a person who studies economics, Shi Bufan knows that in the 21st century, land annexation is more serious, but why is there no ****? In fact, land annexation is certainly the cause of unrest, but it is not the core of absolute unrest. Land is also an annexation, but annexation must also be differentiated according to the facts. If the purpose of the merger is to build factories and increase industrial production, then this kind of merger will not only not do much harm to the people, but will help the people to find jobs. However, land annexation, but the mode of production is still the kind of ancient small-scale peasant economy, so land annexation is naturally very harmful. Simply suppressing land annexation is a palliative rather than a cure.

The Tang Dynasty's equalization system also had the effect of inhibiting land annexation, but it was useless, and annexation still existed, but became more and more rampant. So it is useless to suppress just to inhibit land annexation. Without new relations of production to replace this small-scale peasant economy, no matter how much the government tries to curb land annexation, it will be in vain.

Now that Shi Bufan has figured out the production method of this ancient small-scale peasant economy, he can easily prescribe the right medicine.

"It is not only the means of production that affect the productive forces, but also the relations of production and the mode of production. Although sweet potatoes are one of the high-yielding crops, they are only one of the means of production. Since we cannot make too many changes in the means of production, I will also change the mode of production, so that the development of the productive forces can also be promoted. The mode of production, in fact, is too easy to change. Shi Bufan thought.

Shi Bufan called the head of the household in Wannian County every ten to one, this Wannian County in the Tang Dynasty era, with no more than 6,000 households and a population of only 30,000 or 40,000 people. The population of this Wannian County is not large, and it is less than the townships in later generations. However, in this era, the world has just been peaceful, and the population has not recovered much, so it is naturally considered to be less. Therefore, even if ten families choose a head of household to come to the meeting, it will only be about 600 people.

But six hundred, that's a lot. After being called by Shi Bufan as the county magistrate of Wannian County, they were also quite nervous. Because they didn't expect that the officials in the county government would actually call them all in person this time? There are still so many at one time, and the management methods of Datang's officials at other times are actually "lazy" management methods. The people do not hold officials accountable, and as long as the people do not have an accident, then they are too lazy to interfere, except when collecting taxes.

Once called by the government, it is often a major event, or a case except for something. Therefore, these people are also very nervous, and they are very nervous in the face of Shi Bufan, a county of Wannian County.

"Everyone, I am the new county governor of Wannian County, and my name is Shi Bufan. I am now in charge of agriculture in Wannian County, so in the future, everything related to agriculture will be mostly managed by me. Shi Bufan said with a loudspeaker.

This kind of horn is simple in technology, that is, it is just a sound amplification device. As a variety of speakers in the school, you can't see it when you look up, so Shi Bufan's knowledge of speaker amplification is simply clear, and he has been obedient to various speakers in the school since he was a child, so he knows the principle of speaker amplification, and it is not too much, and he can make it by any blacksmith.

However, those ordinary people don't know what the county officials do, and they ordinary people don't know who has the power and who doesn't have the power in the official position, in short, the officials are the rulers and can't be offended. Moreover, Shi Bufan was in charge of managing agricultural affairs, so they did not dare to offend, because in this era when peasants accounted for more than 95 percent of the world's population, the management of agriculture thought that it would determine the well-being of the vast majority of the people, and naturally they were even more nervous.

"Shi Xiancheng, what are you looking for us?" A township chief asked.

This township chief is not the kind of township chief of later generations, and the township chiefs of later generations are already state cadres. However, the township chief of this era was at most a squire head, and his influence was far from being comparable to that of the township chiefs of later generations, he was just responsible for coordinating the people's tax collection and helping the government to do some things to contact the people, and he did not have much power.

Shi Bufan directly explained: "Actually, it's very simple, after some time of understanding, I found that your life is not good, so I'll find a way to solve it for you!" It is the responsibility of our government to solve problems for the people, so I specially organized everyone to come over and discuss a way to increase food production and reduce everyone's burden. ”

"Problem-solving?" "The responsibility of the government?"

Some people who had a little ink on their stomachs were also surprised that Shi Bufan would say such a thing. You must know that the officials and masters in ancient times were all bureaucrats and rulers, and they never said that they solved problems for the people. In ancient times, officials used lazy management methods, and rarely took the initiative to solve problems for the people. Ordinary people don't ask to go to the government, and the government won't think of a way. Without the order of the superiors, or the initiative of the people, the government will not ask more.

As for solving problems for the people, this is simply impossible. At most, it will take the initiative when there is a lawsuit, and under normal circumstances, the people do not come to ask for things, and the government is too lazy to take care of it, which is somewhat different from the general service-oriented government in later generations. Later generations of service-oriented governments generally took the initiative to create better production and living conditions, but the ancient governments were completely "stability-maintaining", not development-oriented. As long as there is no chaos and no accidents, that is the duty of the ancient government. So when Shi Bufan said this, everyone listened to it freshly.

Shi Bufan then took the initiative to say: "You are all ordinary farmers, what is the biggest pressure on you from the government?" What is the government's practice that delays your harvest the most, or makes you lose the most? ”

Everyone didn't dare to say it, obviously they didn't dare to say it clearly, after all, who knows what Shi Bufan means.

Shi Bufan saw that everyone was so restrained, and took the initiative to ask: "Is it a tax, or a levy, or something else?" ”

"Conscription!" "It's conscription!" "Conscription is more terrible than taxes!" ……

Many people immediately took the initiative to say that what they were most afraid of was forced labor, and that forced labor was the most terrible for the people.

Shi Bufan also knew that things were as he expected, and what the ancient people were most afraid of was not actually a high tax, but in fact, the biggest loss caused by the ancient government to the peasants was not necessarily the excesses and miscellaneous taxes, but the forced labor.

While many later generations have only seen the terrible excesses of the ancient excesses and miscellaneous taxes, few people have paid attention to the destructive effects of forced labor on agricultural production. Many people are scolding the excesses of taxes and miscellaneous taxes, but in fact it is the forced labor that is the greatest damage to ancient production.

The so-called forced labor, that is, the ancient government forced the people to do some unpaid work for the government through orders. For example, compulsory military service, this is military service. Of course, military service is only a relatively small part, but the most terrible is hard labor.

In ancient times, hard labor was the government that conscripted coolies to do some civil engineering work. Of course, these also include transportation and other affairs, in short, the government allows the people to do things for the government without compensation by ordering them to do things for the government. Even the food consumption generated in this process still has to be borne by the people themselves, and they bring the food to help the government do things free of charge.

The Tang Dynasty stipulated that ordinary adult males were required to serve the government for 20 days a year, and if they did not do the levy, they had to pay a part of the silk cloth to offset the cost of the levy. Of course, maybe the average person just thinks that twenty days a year is nothing.

However, in ancient agricultural production, as long as you know a little bit about the basics of agriculture, you will know that agriculture is very particular. Sometimes a day late can delay a lot of the harvest. If the agricultural season is delayed for the sake of the government, the harvest of the last year will drop sharply.

Even conscription is sometimes delayed far beyond those days, and many times the place of service is not local, but far away. This journey is also a time, and the government may only ask you to make a few units at a time, but the journey is also a few days. In this way, the delay time in a year is often several times more than that of the regular government capital. This is almost fatal for agricultural damage.

The people of the Sui Dynasty were most afraid of forced labor, which was the reason for the large number of flights. The government not only demanded that the people do things for a long time, but not only did not give money, but also had to bring their own food. Sometimes there is a lot more time lost on the road than in a regular job. Often, they have just gone to serve in a distant country for a few days, only to be called to another place when they return. Running around like this, the time spent on the road is delayed, and the food cost is far more than when you are working.

Once there is more time to serve in the government, agriculture will inevitably be delayed, and at this time, the imperial court will raise taxes again, which will become the last straw that crushes the peasants.

"Harsh government is fiercer than a tiger, this is what Confucius also said. From Wang Anshi in ancient times to Zhang Juzheng, they also clearly realized the delay of forced labor on agriculture. Wang Anshi once tried to change the law, so that the people spent money to be exempted from forced labor, and the government once again spent money to hire others to serve. At that time, the people also expressed their favor for this policy, because although it cost money to exempt forced labor, it saved a lot of time, and even no longer became a delay in agricultural time, but could increase production. Such an increase and a decrease will be beneficial to the people. It's a pity that Wang Anshi's change was abolished by Sima Guang and Ouyang Xiu's gang. However, Wang Anshi has not really been able to cultivate a new interest group, which is the reason why he has become a legal person and died in government. In addition, he did not do a good job at the executive level, so many changes were misread by crooked-mouthed monks, and the result was a problem. ”

The same is true of Zhang Juzheng's whip law, which abolished forced labor, and finally died in power. However, if I do it, I will definitely be able to do it better than them. As long as the majority of people can see the benefits and a new interest group can be cultivated, then such a new interest group will inevitably support it, and this is the core. Where is it so easy to reform, in the reform and opening up in the past, didn't some special zones also be used as pilots, is this good? ”

Shi Bufan knew that it was not so simple to reform. Any reform is a conflict between new and old interest groups, or even between new ideas and old ideas, and this struggle is very difficult. Neither Wang Anshi nor Zhang Juzheng's reforms succeeded in cultivating new interest groups, which led to their demise.

On the contrary, the reform and opening up of later generations succeeded, and that was because they adopted the method of experimentation. With a few pilots, we finally succeeded in passing these pilots, so that everyone could see the benefits and see the real benefits, so as to attract those ****** who were waiting and seeing. And through the experiment, a number of new interest groups have been cultivated that will benefit from this, so that the new interest groups will compete with the old interest groups, and they will be the biggest supporters of reform. Even if the first person to initiate reform is removed from office or dies, the new interest group will continue to exist. For example, although Wu Zetian of the Tang Dynasty abdicated, the Shu landlord group she represented did not withdraw from the historical stage, but eventually expelled the scholars, creating the prosperity of the scholars of the later Song Dynasty.

Shi Bufan knew that it was impossible for him to directly follow Emperor Li Shimin and say that he was going to implement the new policy, because if he told Li Shimin, then according to the inertia of the feudal era, the resistance would be extremely huge. The scholars, and even those various figures in the court, will have a lot of doubts. Therefore, Shi Bufan plans to get it himself, and after he gets it, he sees the effect, and lets everyone see the effect, which can dispel the doubts of many ******, and even cultivate some new interest groups, which is beneficial.

Otherwise, without the support of new interest groups, those nobles could easily destroy their achievements in every word. All reforms must not follow the central line, but must be carried out from the bottom to the top. There is a lot of resistance from top to bottom, but from bottom to top, it is directly a struggle between interest groups, but it is more tenacious and unstoppable.

"I organized everyone to come today in the hope of establishing our Wannian County Production Cooperative, and I hope to let everyone cooperate and divide labor together, so that everyone can increase production and income, and can get more income, and even reduce everyone's burden."

(To be continued.) )