"As everyone said, the Polish Revolution and the Russian Revolution were fundamentally one and the same, and the climax of both was about to come at the same time! Poland will be the place where the Russian Revolution will begin, and the freedom of Poland will mark the beginning of the collapse of the Tsarist autocracy, liberating not only the Polish people, but also the Russian peasants enslaved by the Tsarist autocracy......"

In a luxury apartment in Paris, France, Mikhail Brown, the leader of the Russian Land and Freedom Society. In a provocative tone, Bakunin uttered the opening remarks of the meeting.

Although the French authorities were already secretly supporting the Russian and Polish revolutionaries, the doors and windows of the house were still tightly closed, making it feel a little stuffy, and the choking smell of cigar smoke or cigarettes floated in this modest conference room.

The revolutionaries who would not come to the meeting were all extremely excited. Because an unprecedented people's state in the history of mankind is likely to be born in Poland, and even a storm of revolution will sweep through Russia, overthrow the autocratic rule of the Romanov dynasty, and then establish a socialist state on Russian soil -- of course, there is still some disagreement among the revolutionaries in Europe as to whether or not to make an immediate transition to socialism after the victory of the Russian Revolution. But the leader of the Russian Land and Freedom Society, Mikhail . Bakunin remained confident in the establishment of a socialist system on the basis of the revolution in the Russian countryside. And, thanks to the generous funding of a foundation for the progress of the world, Bakunin's position as a leader among the Russian revolutionaries was now strengthened, and his views were at least accepted by the Russian and Polish revolutionaries.

"Now, there is good news for everyone, the French and Prussians have decided to support us. They will provide us with up to 40,000 rifles, 200 cannons and 200,000 grenades. Other than that. Significant funding will also be provided. We will also be allowed to mobilize the Polish diaspora in France and Prussia for the Revolutionary Army! ”

With the same passion as ever. Bakunin continued, "Gentlemen, the plan for the uprising has been prepared, and if you have any opinions, you can say it. ”

Then, with a slight gesture, Bakunin handed the European revolutionaries a copy of the text that had already been copied in several languages, including Russian, German, French, and Polish. Then these revolutionaries immediately flipped through them, and from time to time whispered exchanges of opinions with those around them. There was a low buzz in the room.

Today's meeting was devoted primarily to the time, place, slogans, concrete plan for its implementation, and the programme for the successful insurrection in Poland, as well as a plan to spread the revolution into Russia from Poland.

These are indeed very important questions.

Unlike previous uprisings or riots in Poland, this revolution was not just aimed at the Russians...... Or, what is now going to take place in Poland is not just a national independence movement, but a class struggle - a prerequisite for the cooperation of the Russian revolutionaries and the Polish revolutionaries, whose demands with the Land and Freedom Society at its core are in fact written in the name of their organization. It is to fight for personal freedom and land for the peasants. The emancipation of serfs alone could not satisfy their demands, and the act of forcing serfs to buy land at a high price. It is a "ransom" in disguise. The emancipation of serfs in Russia was simply forcing serfs to buy their freedom, and there was no emancipation at all. It's oppression!

Therefore, the Russian rebels, the Narodniks, naturally turned their attention to the countryside and shouted the slogan of "land and freedom", that is, to give freedom to the serfs at the same time as to redistribute the land and turn them into land-owning yeoman farmers. But such a demand could not be met by the tsarist regime and could only be resolved through the guò revolution. However, after all, Russia is a large country with an incomparably vast land, and the population is not large, and the land contradiction is not acute at all. As long as the peasants were willing to leave the relatively densely populated black soil areas, it was still easy for them to get land in the vast east. Therefore, although the Russian Land and Freedom Society has had a lot of fun in recent years, it has not organized a single decent rebellion. On the contrary, those weak and small nationalities oppressed by Tsarist Russia, land contradictions and national contradictions are entangled, the people at the bottom have no hope, and the middle and upper classes also have no chance to get ahead, so they naturally join the struggle of the Russian populists. Among them, the Poles and Jews were the most enthusiastic in the struggle, and among the revolutionaries present at this conference today were quite a few Poles and Jews. They were the protagonists of this Polish revolution.

Mikhail. Bakunin didn't speak again, but quietly waited for the others' feedback.

He didn't have to wait long, and after a few whispered discussions, the participants slowly stopped talking, and then focused their eyes on Karl Brown, who was sitting across from Bakunin. Marx, who was not a Pole, was a borderless Jew who was now quite popular among the revolutionaries of Western Europe.

Marx stood up, coughed, and then spoke to Bakunin: "Mr. Bakunin, there is no doubt that I am very much in favor of the plan to launch a revolution in Poland, and I can see that the plan you have drawn up is very detailed, and it has taken a lot of painstaking effort. But...... It is clear that the Polish and Russian revolutions could not succeed by the efforts of the revolutionaries of Poland and Russia alone. Because although Tsarist Russia was reactionary and autocratic, it was still a great power, with an army of 1.4 million! It was not at all possible that the forces of the Polish and Russian revolutionaries could confront it. If we want to win, we must unite the progressive forces of the whole world and work together. Therefore, before the start of the Polish Revolution, I established an international organization to promote and lead the international proletarian unity, and to use the international unity of the proletariat against the autocratic Tsarist Russia. The name of this organization could be the International Workers' Union. ”

"United International Workers?" Mikhail. Bakunin frowned slightly, "Now France and Prussia are ready to support the Polish revolution, and this time the Polish revolution is not a struggle between the international working class and the international bourgeoisie. ”

To be honest, Bakunin was not opposed to the establishment of an international workers' union. But the present situation is probably not suitable, and it is likely that France and Prussia will change their stance in support of the Polish revolution as soon as they feel that the International Workers' Union is a challenge to the capitalist systems of their two countries.

But Marx also had his reasons.

"Monsieur Bakunin, I know more than you about the French and Prussian support for the Polish revolution this time. My friend Monsieur Engels was directly involved in the relevant diplomatic activities, and I understood that the support of France and Prussia was not really intended to help Poland become independent. In fact, the French emperor wanted to use this to drive a wedge between Prussia and Russia, which was particularly important for France's struggle for world hegemony. So as long as this goal is achieved, Napoleon III will be satisfied, and he will not care whether the Poles will really gain independence or not! And until this goal is achieved, he will not be deterred by an international workers' union. ”

Mikhail. Bakunin couldn't help frowning slightly, he wanted to say something, but he still endured it, behind Marx there are Engels and some organizations of the working class in Western Europe, and his influence cannot be underestimated. Moreover, such an organization did not seem to do him and the Russian revolutionaries any harm, for there was still a high probability that the Polish revolution would not succeed, and they would really need an international workers' union to continue to support them in their revolution.

"Since you think so, let's talk about the International Workers' Union now." After a few seconds of silence, Mikhail. Bakunin nodded, then looked at Marx and said, "Mr. Marx, tell me what you think." What is the purpose of the CIT? ”

"The overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a working-class regime, of course!" (To be continued......)