Isn't it just to build a steam engine for the railway? Li Chen has been preparing for a long time, and now Datang has to have a railcar, and some sections have been paved, and more sections are planned, which is not only Li Chen's money to build, but also the Ministry of Industry has planned, to build a lot of railroad carriages, if it is not for the frequent wars, affecting taxes, and spending a lot of military spending, maybe all of them will start. Pen, fun, and www.biquge.info

Will do this, the railcar has already produced a good income, take the section of the Fengling ferry from Chang'an to Tongguan, the original experimental nature of this section, laid more than 300 miles of distance railcar carriage, to replace the drying up of the canal. According to the statistics of the Royal Rail Car Society, the transportation volume of this railcar has equaled the Guangtong Canal.

To explain, Li Chen put the railcars that belonged to the royal family themselves and belonged to the royal railcar company under the name of the Royal Railcar Club, and in order to lay the railway in the future, you can think of him as the Royal Railway Company. It is called a club, but it takes into account the habits of the Tang Dynasty and various folk associations, not because of Harit.

At present, the total volume of horse-drawn carriages in transporting goods and personnel has equaled that of Guangtong Canal, although the freight is more expensive than that of shipping. But if you can't stand the carriage, as long as it's not too bad weather, you can run. The Guangtong canal is drying up day by day, and it will freeze in winter, which is inconvenient. What's more, the carriage is fast...

Take the Chang'an section of the rail car, a person only needs 12 Wen, excluding room and board, the carriage travels 100 miles a day, and you can get there in three days, which is cost-effective. After the initial freshness, the daily passenger capacity of the railroad car fell a little at first, and then realized the convenience and began not to rise again.

Therefore, the Ministry of Industry began to consider that in the north, many places where canals could not reach, lay rail-drawn carriages. Not only is it easy to transport, but it can also make money. The Royal Rail Club, relying on the railroad carriage, could not be collected last year, which made the imperial court red, and also considered laying some sections of the road by itself.

Now, if you replace this steam engine, the volume is even more terrifying. Not only can more goods be pulled, but the price will also be cheaper, after all, this steam engine, does not eat grain, coal is very cheap.

At that moment, Zheng Lang grabbed Gundam's hand and asked eagerly, 'Is there a real thing?' What is the load geometry of this object? How much coal does it consume? Zhou Qi was silent, this thing, for the benefit of the country and the people, if it is regarded as a strange and clever thing, then what is not a strange thing?

'There's a telegraph and a steam railcar, and I'm a big Tang Antai. Li Deyu didn't go to join in the fun, he followed Li Chen to watch the steam loom, and was distracted, and talked to Li Chen.

Indeed, I Datang is a vast land of the people, a radius of millions of miles, there are two strange things, I Datang do not say sit back and relax, but I believe that I can enjoy peace for many years. ’

China, it's just too big. Millions of square kilometers of land are really not easy to rule. When something happens in the local area, when it is reflected to the central government, it is often not known how long it will be later. If there is a rebellion, it will be even more serious, and the imperial court will dispatch troops and transport grain and grass, and it will take a lot of effort.

If there is a war outside the borders, the cost is even greater. That's why Sun Tzu's Art of War says, because of the food to the enemy. But for the Han nation, it is not easy to say. It's okay to fight a civil war, but if you go out of the fortress to fight, how can you get food? You can't eat grass.

It was still the era of cold weapons. In the age of firearms, logistics are more important. If there is no rail transportation, it is really peaceful. Because everyone had no bullets, a battle could not last long, and soon the ammunition was exhausted, and the two sides could only shake hands and make peace.

Therefore, Li Chen came up with the telegraph and the railway, which was of great help to the management of the vast territory and many people of the Tang Dynasty. Li Chen didn't dare to pack a ticket, what kind of eternal series, at least it can help Datang extend for many years.

This iron shell is quite thick, and the minister still doesn't understand how to move such a thing. Li Deyu was a little embarrassed, just now Gundam explained for a long time, he didn't understand a little, but he was not too embarrassed to ask, so he could only secretly ask Li Chen, ask Li Chen, not ashamed.

Li Chen became interested and explained the principle of the steam engine, "This steam engine has taken me a lot of effort. 'The steam engine is original, does not explain. Li Chen really put a lot of effort into this regard, so he was warned by Zhou Qi taking the opportunity.

This steam engine is not the one Watt designed in the first place. This thing will be done for so long, and there are many twists and turns in the middle, because Li Chen didn't want a steam engine like Watt, otherwise it would have been built a long time ago.

The Watt Steam Engine, a modified version of the Newcomen Steam Engine, was more practical. It's just that it would be nice to want to use a watt steam engine to propel a train. The reason why the Watt steam engine is so famous is because he made the steam engine more widely used.

In the past, the Newcomen steam engine was inefficient. It is to spray water into the cylinder, spray cold water, cool the steam, and let the atmospheric pressure lower the piston, so as to push the pumping pump and pump the water out of the pit. Watt's switch to a duplex cylinder, coupled with a separate condenser, resulted in an increase in the efficiency of the steam engine.

Watt uses two-end gas injection to increase vapor utilization. The same vapor will run at both ends of the cylinder, and finally run to the condenser that is separated from the cylinder. This makes the operation efficiency of the steam engine several times more efficient, and it becomes more practical.

The Newcomen steam engine has been sold for 60 years, but it has only sold more than 100 units, an average of two units a year. Watt, on the other hand, has sold hundreds of units in about a decade or so, and is widely used in textile mills and mines. And his method of obtaining the compound cylinder was also used, probably because of this, the inventor of the steam engine was named and placed on him.

However, if you want to use the Watt steam engine to propel the train, it is a fantasy..., do you know that the original research institute, according to the drawings of the Watt steam engine given by Li Chen, how many speeds did the steam engine be manufactured? Twelve revolutions a minute.

What can you do with 12 revolutions a minute? The horsepower is quite large, but 12 revolutions a minute, what can it do? Trains are about speed, slow, and worthless. Of course, it is enough to pump water from the pit. It is enough to push the loom, but to push the train, that is not to think.

It's not that Li Chen's drawings are wrong, when he was in college, he was very interested in the Watt steam engine, and he remembered its architecture, and he was confident that he was absolutely not wrong. It's not a complicated structure in the first place.

It is a more complex pipe, equipped with various valves, so that the steam flows at both ends of the same cylinder, and finally cools and discharges in another condenser.

Later, he recalled this three-cylinder steam engine, and asked Gundam to adopt a three-cylinder design, which did not directly exhaust the steam, but would flow to the next cylinder to improve the vapor utilization.

And he vaguely remembered that in the later steam engines, the pressure in the cylinder was relatively large, and they asked them to increase the pressure, thicken the cylinder wall, and the volume should not be too large, so that the pressure increased, so that there was enough horsepower and enough speed to use the steam engine as a locomotive.

Now, Li Chen thinks back that Watt got a steam engine, and he couldn't push the locomotive, otherwise the train wouldn't have made great progress after Watt's death. Stevenson invented the locomotive, or, more correctly, the first practical train builder, Stevenson.

It had been six years since Watt's death when his locomotive appeared. It was probably because of the defective Watt steam engine that it took so long for the train to be applied.

In fact, Li Chen's speculation was not wrong at all. The Watt steam engine is not a high-pressure steam engine, probably because of technical problems, the high-pressure steam engine is prone to explosion.

In fact, before Watt died, there was a high-pressure steam engine. However, because Watt has a patent, no one else can get past his patent and use a high-pressure steam engine. Watt doesn't let people use it either. It was not until the expiration of his patent that there was a later "high-pressure double-acting steam engine", and there was also a future train.

Li Chen's steam engine is equivalent to one step, directly evolving the steam engine to the stage of high-pressure steam engine. This can be done because Datang's current metalworking technology is somewhat beyond Watt's era. There is an open-hearth steelmaking method, and there is a large amount of high-quality steel. There are also machine tools, and it is not a problem to manufacture accessories with similar tolerances. Li Chen also discovered rubber, which made the steam engine more airtight.

And these things, in the Watde era, were not quite available. Lathe, if not forgotten, there is the father of the lathe, known as Maudsley, in the early nineteenth century, he made his first lathe. Rubber, although discovered as early as the middle of the eighteenth century, was not until about a hundred years later, when Goodyear discovered that vulcanization could withstand high heat, and Watt did not know how many years he died.

All kinds of reasons have taken together, so that Datang's industrial strength has improved a lot in Li Chen's hands, and only then did he have today's steam engine.

'The minister probably can't see it, as soon as this steam engine comes out, my Datang will undergo earth-shaking changes, just like this steam loom machine, Lao Chen doesn't know much about weaving, but he also sees that the workers in the textile factory are doing well. Li Deyu looked at this flying loom and said, "But this steam loom has become a mechanical attached, and the workers are not having a good time." ’

Li Chen was surprised by Li Deyu's keenness, although the water-powered textile machine had to appear, so that the textile factory appeared in Datang for the first time. Before that, Datang didn't have much of a factory.

I heard that in the era of An Lushan, there were 500 looms in Hebei. The man paid a bribe to obtain a franchise with a foreign race, and it is said that he owned 500 looms. Later he lost his franchise and fell. It's just that after getting it, he made a fortune very quickly.

Li Chen once inquired, five hundred looms, this scale is not small. If you haven't forgotten, Li Chen built a factory in Yangzhou to build coal furnaces, and used assembly lines to make coal furnaces. Later, it was sold. However, with the emergence of Li Chen's model, Yangzhou also began to gradually rise large factories, using the same method as Li Chen to produce coal furnaces.

However, even so, there is no large factory with 500 employees. Even the current Royal Textile Mill can't do it.

For the big textile factory a hundred years ago, Li Chen is very interested. It was only later that Li Chen was disappointed. He didn't have 500 looms, but he had 500 families of weavers, and each family owned everything. However, because the man controlled the border market, these 500 households regularly sold the spun cloth to him, so it is no wonder that the stars dispersed as soon as they were defeated, and they immediately prospered as soon as they prospered.

Li Chende Textile Factory, although there are many people trying to imitate it, but limited by water power, the scale of the factory is not very large. And the treatment of textile workers is also good, in fact, Datang is currently in the confrontation between labor and capital, and it has not yet appeared.

Because although the textile efficiency has improved, the operation is also much more complicated, and the hydraulics are not so fast and not so stable. For a long time, if this is the model, perhaps the kind of workers who resist the use of new machinery in later generations will not appear, and workers will always exist as a high-tech job.

However, with the advent of the steam engine, the confrontation between labor and management emerged. The efficiency of the steam loom is better and more stable, and the workers become mechanical accessories, not to mention that fewer workers are needed. At the beginning of the nineteenth century, when workers boycotted textile machinery, they boycotted steam looms.

Fortunately, the appearance of the steam textile machine will really seriously change the social structure. No longer limited by geography, factories will appear in large numbers, and textile mills will face greater competition, which will lead to factory owners to increase competitiveness through layoffs, fewer laborers, and lower wages. Since then, the status of workers has been reduced from heaven to the earth.

Li Chen was surprised by Li Deyu's acumen, but this situation was also expected by him. However, he was not sure whether that kind of beautiful vision could be realized.

It is in the nature of people to seek profit, and when there is a large market, perhaps the factory owners will be nicer to the workers. But when faced with competition, exploitation of workers is the first choice of those factory owners. Although he will try to guide them towards improving the efficiency of their machinery.

However, exploiting workers to increase their own income is the quickest. What if you invest in new machinery, what if you can't get it back?

However, he can't stop mentioning the efficiency of life for the sake of this problem. Maintain manual production forever to ensure the number of workers? That's not realistic. Even if he doesn't go this way, someone will do it one day.

All he could do was try to guide. It can't be stopped yet. He was glad that Li Deyu saw this problem, and he thought so much that he was not conservative. If someone else had found out, they might have managed to organize the emergence of new machinery to ensure the rights of the workers.

It's not funny, it's very likely. Li Chen remembered that it had appeared in history, so he didn't remember why. In any case, it is to resist high-efficiency production in order to ensure the employment rate of workers. The reason is quite high-sounding, in order to ensure social stability.

If the new machinery employs fewer workers, many people will lose their jobs and will easily cause social unrest. It seems ridiculous in modern times, but in the Tang Dynasty, in order to avoid increasing the burden on the people, it was not impossible to collect commercial taxes.

Take a step, count it as a step, Li Chen can only think of this. Maybe someone can predict that it will develop in a hundred years, but it is not him, he has already done what he can do for the Tang Dynasty, and everything else depends on future generations.