Updated: 2014-05-2920:24:49144.Chapter 144 Pennsylvania

Before Downing invented advanced crude oil refining and refining, the biggest use of oil was to replace expensive whale oil, which was the most commonly used thing for lighting by the public at that time. With the spread of electricity, this use of crude oil will also be replaced. Borneo has become the world's crude oil production center since Downing discovered that there is oil, but its production is in short supply, so as soon as a new crude oil producing area was discovered, Temasek Capital's people quickly followed suit, and this time, Downing really had to deal with the Americans, because the new high-quality oil producing area was in Pennsylvania.

Pennsylvania is truly a treasure trove of feng shui, with coal mines, iron ores, and now a large amount of "stone oil", so it is no wonder that it has become a pioneer state in heavy industry in the United States. The Americans did not discover oil here on a deliberate basis, as in the Downings, but because of a centuries-old tradition used by the locals, with Indian tribes collecting scattered blocks of oil stones to use as ointments, insect repellents, and smear them on their faces for religious ceremonies. The aborigines used oil in a rudimentary way, and it was not exploited on a large scale, but by the time the commercially sensitive Americans discovered it, it was different, and this was the United States, not a barren land like Baltic, where the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company had been established after Downing's strong unification of the British East India Company and the Dutch East India Company.

Colonel Drake drilled the first oil well in August 1859 in what came to be known as the "Oil Creek Valley," and adventurous American businessmen quickly poured into the oil valley like locusts. Due to the fact that the oil production machinery of the Singapore Petroleum Company is quite developed, they suddenly received a large number of orders from the United States, and they immediately felt the frenzy. This frenzy is not quite the same as the California Gold Rush more than a decade ago, when people flocked to California, but not many people actually mined gold, but this time it was a large number of people who drilled oil wells, so that Pennsylvania suddenly became the global oil center.

Oilers have also learned how to transport oil drums as cheaply as possible from forest loggers, who roughly trim the logs and throw them into artificial streams to drift on their own. Oil producers, on the other hand, load oil drums into small boats and let them drift down the river. About a third of the crude oil leaks during the drift, why is it called the Oil Valley? The black crude oil polluted the local ecology.

Reuters brought the news of the oil valley being polluted by oil to Downing, and he couldn't help but sigh. Crazy capital profit-seeking attributes.

When the pale environmental preaching failed to impress the greedy American businessmen, and the oil rush was unaffected by the Telegraph's call for environmental protection, Downing found himself disliking the Americans.

If you don't like it, you can't set up a factory in the United States, where the world's second energy and chemical plant using refining technology is located in the British port city of Plymouth to process crude oil imported from the United States to supply Europe's growing demand. Name: British Petroleum.

Only Downing's technology can convert crude oil into lucrative chemical and energy raw materials such as ethylene, methanol and chemical fibers, and objectively speaking, he has benefited the most from this oil recovery wave. It's a pity that his mentality has changed, from his former profit-making to an environmentalist eccentric capitalist that no one understands.

Natural gas has also been found in some oil wells in the oil valley, these will be valuable energy and chemical sources in the future of the good things that no one will use at present, and they cannot be transported, and the miners have to burn them on the spot, British Petroleum has acquired a large number of oil wells with natural gas, and accelerated the development of liquefied natural gas carriers, which may be the most high-tech type of commercial vessels, and the huge tonnage hull will stop as long as there is a small leakage, and the liquefied natural gas will be gasified, and gasification is equivalent to nothing. Some natural gas contains 1 or 2 percent helium, which is a considerable source for airships, and can produce much more than if it were separated directly from the air.

John Rockefeller, who was less than 20 years old, and his little friend Clarke, who was less than 20 years old, decided that such a frenzy of extraction must make refining a more lucrative industry, so they set off for the newly formed British Petroleum Company to learn refining technology, because of his familiarity with the United States and his knowledge of the oil valley industry, Downing soon saw his name among the middle management staff. It seems that as long as they are talented, they can seize opportunities no matter what the world has changed, whether it is J. p。 Morgan or J. d。 Rockefeller is all the same.

With J. p。 Like Morgan, Downing wasn't sure that this Rockefeller was the same Rockefeller, so he called him in for a chat, and soon determined that this clever ghost was not a mortal. j。 d。 If you want to learn oil refining, the abacus is wrong, Downing is very strict about technology, and there are many methods, but make the best use of it, since Rockefeller is an American who understands the national situation, send him to the oil valley to solve the problem of chaotic exploitation of crude oil suppliers.

First of all, BP's crude oil suppliers must be environmentally certified, and are not allowed to pollute the environment during the extraction process. Second, BP will lead the construction of an oil pipeline to the Allegheny River, which will then be transported along the river to Pittsburgh and other cities.

Rockefeller, the young man, built an oil refinery and a chemical plant in Pittsburgh, but Downing unreasonably vetoed it, at least until the end of the American Civil War.

In any case, a young man who had just arrived in England could be entrusted with a heavy task by a big capitalist like a magister, and the current Rockefeller was content and excited anyway.

Rockefeller's friends asked him how he got from meeting the big boss today? Rockefeller said: "The harvest is quite large, but I have just arrived in England and will soon return to the United States, and the business strategy of the big bosses is so strange, that they should protect the environment of the oil valley, which is incredible." ”

Clark laughed: "What's so strange about this, rich people are just different, haven't you heard of it?" The Duke of London donated half of the first money he earned, and I hope that one day we will throw away £1.5 million without blinking. ”

Rockefeller exclaimed: "Then it seems that he is sincere in protecting the environment, the British are really happy, catch up with such a big industrialist to come to London to help them develop, I went to London to see, my God, much more developed than New York or something, the legendary soot, stinky water are slowly disappearing, everywhere are bright street lamps...... By the way, have you ever heard of MIT? If there is a university in the United States that has a god like Downing Windsor, who should run out every day and put gold on his face, why haven't I and all the Americans around me heard of MIT? ”

Clark: "This ...... It's really puzzling. ”

Of course, Downing's feelings are not something that real capitalists like Rockefeller can understand, and the plastics industry has only just begun, and he has already discovered a problem, common plastics can generally be divided into two categories: thermoplastics and thermosets. Thermoplastics are made up of linear molecules that melt above a certain temperature and lose their mechanical strength. As a result, thermoplastics can be processed over and over again, which conserves resources, but the temperature at which they can be used is limited. Thermosetting plastics are further cross-linked on the basis of linear molecules to form a three-dimensional network structure, which does not melt even when the temperature rises. As a result, thermosets have better heat resistance than thermoplastics and are suitable for applications that require high temperatures. On the other hand, due to chemical cross-linking, solid plastics cannot be reprocessed into other shapes after molding, so recycling is very limited.

Downing racked his brains to develop a thermoset plastic. This plastic not only has good mechanical properties, but can also be recycled and reused under certain conditions. The researchers reacted 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether with formaldehyde to obtain a gel with good mechanical properties. With further heating, the gel can also be converted into a thermoset with higher mechanical strength. If this plastic is left in a highly acidic environment, it will be degraded into the corresponding monomer. In this way, the contradiction between the high temperature resistance of thermosetting plastics and the non-recyclability of thermosets has been well solved.

Downing's eccentric feelings are also expressed in J. d。 Rockefeller was ready to leave Plymouth before awarding J. d。 Rockefeller Luxemburg's Minister to the American Empire.

Hey? Isn't the United States of America? How did it become an empire? The United States of America is already old, and a citizen who recently became emperor in San Francisco wrote to various local newspapers on September 17, 1859, in which he briefly referred to himself as "Emperor of the United States of America":

"At the request of the majority of the citizens of the United States of America, I, Joshua Norton, who formerly resided at the Cape of Good Hope in the Gulf of Argona, and who had resided in San Francisco, California, for the last nine years and ten months, proclaimed and proclaimed myself Emperor of the United States of America. （http:／／.）。 I also appoint the authorities of virtue, and hereby order that on the first day of February, representatives of the different Confederations should gather in the concert hall of this city. Then, immediately change the existing laws of the Federation, reform the evil laws that enslave the laborers of the state, so that they will regain the confidence to live and feel the stability and integrity of our country both at home and abroad.

Norton I, Emperor of the United States of America"

He occasionally adds the title "Regent of Mexico". Thus began his unprecedented, whimsical, and almost inconsequential "rule" over the entire history of the United States.

In order to thank Norton I for bringing unique happiness to his boring life, the citizens of San Francisco had a lot of respect for their emperor, and Downing also came to join in the fun, making the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg the first country in the world to recognize the dynasty of Norton I, and asked Minister Rockefeller to bring 10 pounds of "international aid" to help the emperor who was bankrupt not long ago because of speculation on California rice, to help him tide over the difficulties, believing that the future of the emperor is bright.