Modify Date: 2014-05-0710:31:59122.Chapter 122 Chemical Industry

When preparing for IKEA, a home lifestyle brand that will benefit the entire human middle class, Tangning found that in addition to man-made panels, the use of artificial leather to achieve the surface of sofas and other furniture, and the use of artificial stone to achieve special furniture such as sinks and baths with excellent performance is also a very much-needed technology.

In the initial stage of the development of these man-made plates, artificial leather, and artificial stones, they have experienced the stage of being despised by consumers, thinking that these chemical products are unhealthy, unbeautiful, and far inferior to natural products, so they are cheap, and even artificial materials have become synonymous with cheapness, but this is a misunderstanding. As long as the manufacturers who invent these products work hard to make high-quality products, these backward concepts will be changed.

Most of the so-called man-made people have acquired knowledge after recognizing the nature of materials, such as man-made fibers, which were inspired by the process of observing silkworms spinning silk, and the essence of silk is to pull out a liquid substance that hardens in the air through small holes. Chemists began to reproduce this process in the real room, they melted chemicals such as cellulose at high temperature, and then pressed these highly homogeneous substances through the pores, and then obtained the reintegrated fiber, this understanding of the essence of fiber allows human beings to control the length and thickness of the fiber as they like, after adding dyes, they can control the color of the fiber as they like, and after adding various chemical additives, they can change the fire resistance, moisture resistance, insect resistance, wear resistance, acid resistance, alkali resistance and other properties.

Perhaps the initial development is not satisfactory, but these man-made products represent the direction of the future and the inevitability of technological and technological progress. Natural leather has some disadvantages, one of which is insect infestation. As long as it is a natural substance containing energy, it will be created by heaven and earth to evolve the corresponding organisms to digest them, and the man-made substances will not have this concern for a long time, insects and microorganisms that can eat plastic are extremely rare, and the organisms that have evolved the ability to digest plastics may be a matter of hundreds of thousands of years or millions of years, and artificial chemical fibers have this outstanding advantage.

From a certain point of view, man-made materials are a bit similar to phoenix eye blue, and it is fun to use it, but the negative effects cannot be ignored, many man-made materials are difficult to be digested and circulated by organisms in nature, and with the output of a large number of industrial products, it will bring the problem of non-recyclable garbage. Some chemicals are even difficult to incinerate or produce toxic gases.

Capital, the "representative of the advanced productive forces", often makes mistakes, and the mistakes they make may take a long time before they are realized and corrected by the general public.

Borneo's crude oil output will then be sent to Singapore, where Downing's planned refinery will be located, where the first of the most important basic materials for the chemical industry, ethylene, will be produced, in addition to methanol as an energy source. The polymerization of this simple yet powerful substance results in the most important plastic product that ushered in the era of synthetic materials: polyethylene.

Polyethylene is the biggest source of what is known as "white pollution". Insect resistance and degradation resistance is an attribute that human beings need, and it is impossible to advocate paper bags instead of plastic bags.

The best way to deal with white pollution is to recycle. Sounds familiar, right? Does Downing dare to adopt a rental model for plastic bags? Haha, so to speak! The value of plastic bags lies in its use value rather than in its collection value, from a certain point of view, it is more suitable for rental than cars, some people like to collect cars, gramophones, records, but it is estimated that no one likes to collect plastic bags. Even if someone has this quirk, it is not a precautionary measure.

If the consumer uses the container function of the plastic bag and then hands the plastic bag to the retailer and then the retailer hands it over to the plastic recycling station in Downing for reuse, the price of the plastic bag will be very cheap, but if the final consumer does not let the plastic bag be recycled, the price will go up a notch. Such a price lever will be very effective in inhibiting consumer inertia, thereby greatly improving the recycling rate of plastic bags, which is not only environmentally friendly, but also economical, not only saving money for consumers, but also providing an additional channel of raw materials for factories producing plastic bags.

This plan will be under the control of Downing, at least until the secret of polyethylene is discovered, and after that, it will still depend on the legislation of various countries. The secrets of chemistry are hard to discover, and Downing would rather lose his patent rights than have others learn to copy the new oil industry he started soon. Losing the patent right does not mean that others can grab the patent, the patent laws of various countries will have requirements for originality, and what Tangning needs to do is to save the argument to prove that he invented a certain material, but there is no registered patent.

Polyethylene has a strict problem, it is easy to burn, imagine a sofa made of polyethylene, just a little bit, where dare to use it? Therefore, it is necessary to improve the flame retardancy of polyethylene. There is a fairly simple way to add a chlorine to polyethylene to make polyvinyl chloride, ie.

Production process: The aqueous solution of salt undergoes chemical decomposition under the action of electric current. This process produces chlorine, caustic soda, and hydrogen. Refining or cracking petroleum or gasoline produces ethylene. When chlorine and ethylene are mixed, ethylene dichloride is produced; Dichloroethylene, in turn, can be converted to produce chlorinated vinyl, which is the basic component of polyvinyl chloride. The polymerization process joins chlorinated vinyl molecules together to form a polyvinyl chloride chain. The polyvinyl chloride produced in this way comes in the form of a white powder. It can not be used alone, need to add plasticizers, anti-aging agents and other toxic auxiliary materials, so its products generally do not store food and medicine, if polyvinyl chloride is used to make children's toys, it is necessary to carefully screen the toxicity of auxiliary materials, so as not to seep out harmful substances when children put toys into their mouths.

Polyvinyl chloride will be the main force of IKEA to manufacture artificial leather surfaces, it has the characteristics of rich raw materials (oil, limestone, coke, salt and natural gas), simple manufacturing process, and is the treasure of the early stage of the petrochemical industry. In addition to artificial leather, polyvinyl chloride can also be used in a large number of medical devices, which is convenient for disinfection and does not easily interact with drugs and blood. It can also be used in plastic soft products such as films and wire sheaths, and can also be used to produce plastic hard products such as plates, doors and windows, pipes and valves.

Once polyvinyl chloride comes out, the requirements for environmental protection have been raised to a higher level, although it has flame retardant effect, but flame resistance is not necessarily heat resistant, and once burned will produce hydrogen chloride, chlorine and other toxic gases because of the added chlorine atoms, the most terrible is dioxin, a carcinogenic gas, will remain in the air for a long time neither rising nor sinking, not to mention the complex gas produced by plasticizers and anti-aging agents.

Nowadays, garbage treatment is mainly based on sanitary landfills, and the road of high-temperature incineration will inevitably be taken in the future, and polyvinyl chloride is a major problem in waste incineration technology. Recycling is of course the most important means, and if it is incinerated harmlessly, it will be an important supplement, because a lot of polyvinyl chloride will still flow into the ranks of mixed waste for various reasons, which is the task left by Tangning's doctoral supervisor to chemistry doctoral students.

The power of the petrochemical industry has been staggering, and Temasek Capital has finally reached a turning point, Singapore has become an industrial hub for synthetic materials, and products exported to Europe can open a new materials expo. Shareholders who blindly believe in the godfathers of science have been rewarded handsomely for the huge returns that Temasek Capital has been able to make, and this new materials expo is really being held in Luxembourg and the actual protagonist is Singapore Petrochemical.

Just before the new materials expo, the major media and magazines have widely reported the great scientific and technological achievements of Temasek Capital's investment in Singapore's oil industry, and now, people no longer doubt that Singapore will become the economic center of Asia, and Luxembourg will become an emerging metropolis in Europe, the Grand Duke of Luxembourg is really good to the Luxembourgers, this expo will become a turning point in Luxembourg's economy, the image of the former poor and backward agricultural small country has changed suddenly, here is the back garden of the pope of science and technology and industry, A logistics hub for the whole of Europe.

Now that Luxembourg has become a popular destination for immigrants, and the government led by the Grand Duke has begun to strengthen passport management, the shape has reversed quite quickly, and not long ago the Luxembourg people were still desperately immigrating. It is said that as long as the Grand Duke is lucky enough to fight with others within a few years, they will have the opportunity to work in the enterprises of the Grand Duke of Luxembourg, which is quite well paid, and some Luxembourgers who are not very well educated have the idea of joining the army first and then becoming workers. （http：／／.）。

At this time, there was no Luxembourger to talk about the atheistic position of the Grand Duke, and the material interests were too abundant to cover up the spiritual disputes that were not in place. Moreover, the archduke's atheist position is quite moderate, and he has no intention of demolishing the church, nor does he have any intention of smashing the statue of Christ, whether you believe it or not, it's just that the Grand Duke of Luxembourg dominates the concept of atheism at a high level in the government, and the people still enjoy religious freedom.

It was time to give the soldiers of the Hesse and Satsuma regiments a chance to officially become Luxembourg citizens, a move that would strengthen the loyalty and combat effectiveness of the army. In view of the thriving national power of Luxembourg and the close proximity of rich life, mercenaries have filled out forms for naturalization, and the Grand Duchy of Hesse, which is close to Luxembourg, even under the influence of these mercenaries, has many subjects who want to join Luxembourg nationality in the way of guò mercenaries, which is a headache for the Grand Duke of Hesse. Now the Archduke of Hesse no longer supports sending mercenaries to Luxembourg, so these Hesserians who are interested in joining the Archduke's army all apply to serve as soldiers in their private capacity, and all the income they get goes into their own pockets, which is much more profitable than when the nobles were in charge, and the Archduke of Hesse has to order a ban on private mercenaries. Later, in order to rebel against the Grand Duke of Hesse, Hesse's personal mercenaries often fled to Luxembourg with their families after being passed the guò exam.