The speed at which a human walking briskly is about 3 per hour. 8 miles, and 10 miles can be easily reached with a bicycle, in the 20 miles of daily excursions, the bicycle is a more ideal tool, and even more ideally, it is a pure green, noiseless, pollution-free good tool, which is Downing's favorite. He hopes that people all over the world, no matter how developed fuel cell vehicles are in the future, will usually use bicycles to go out, and by the way, it will be more cost-effective.

At the moment, there are no practical bikes. The biggest obstacle is that its speed is not significantly improved compared to hiking. In order to increase speed, early experimental bikes used an awkward way of increasing the diameter of the driving wheels. That's why it's funny to look at the early experimental bikes, which had the potential to have an unusually large front or rear wheel.

The forward-driven ratio gears were the bike's most significant technological breakthrough, making it possible to design beautifully symmetrical wheels, and the multi-speed flywheel took the bike's kinetic efficiency to the next level.

Next up is the comfort of the bike, and the invention of pneumatic tires will be the focus.

In fact, the most difficult thing about the bicycle is to maintain it in the best condition forever, which is something that most bicycle owners are not happy to do, ordinary people lack technology and tools, and have a perfectionist attitude, which is quite important for the riding experience. Downing decided to introduce the concept of car maintenance to bicycles, and every other month, owners have a free maintenance opportunity, of course, this method is only available for bicycle rental services. Downing, who is enthusiastic about this business model, is ready to use this trick again. The shortest time to rent a car is 1 hour or 1 day, the medium term is 1 month, and the long-term period is 1 to 5 years. Five years is equivalent to buying this car, and the benefit is that you can enjoy maintenance services every month.

If the rental business goes well, Downing will have the incentive to build bicycle parking spots in public places, and ask some old men and women to take care of them, so as to improve the anti-theft ability of the bicycle, which is also quite important to the owner. London is now an era of thieves, and on the streets, the police will suspect a slightly scruffy-dressed boy if he is a thief.

In London, an entry-level clerk earns £20, and Downing intends to use 1/20th of his income as a benchmark and £1 a year in rent. In the beginning, if 100,000 Londoners were willing to spend this small amount of money, he would be able to sit on a tip of 100,000 pounds, which is half of the Situ Garden. When the business is done all over the UK, there will be a million pounds in revenue. When the business expands to the whole of Europe, to the whole world...... That's good business.

Perhaps the large-scale use of rubber was on a bicycle of his own invention, and Downing felt that he should speed up his plans to transplant rubber to Southeast Asia. With this in mind, he visited Kew Gardens, the Royal Botanic Gardens.

Why did Darwin discover the theory of evolution? Because he had gone on ocean voyages as a young man, the academic custom of naturalists going on ocean trips and collecting specimens of species was started by Joseph Banks, the former owner of the Royal Botanic Gardens, and he was also the first to propose that marsupial mammals in Australia were more primitive than placental mammals. I am afraid that this formulation is also quite enlightening for Darwin's thinking, since there are primitive and later, then it is natural to think of evolution.

Banks' journey around the world was aboard the famous ship of Captain James Cook, who was also an amazing figure who improved the seamanship and cartography that were quite important to the British Empire of sea power. Cook's first expedition saw no one die from scurvy, a rare achievement at the time. During his travels, Cook tried different ways to prevent scurvy among his crew, and found that the key to preventing scurvy was to provide them with plenty of fresh food on a regular basis, especially fruits and vegetables rich in vitamin C such as limes. Cook wrote a detailed report on his research and submitted it to the Royal Society, which led to him being awarded the Copley Medal in 1776.

Cook was also the first European to have extensive contact and exchange with different people in the Pacific. Although he knew that the islands of the Pacific Ocean were thousands of miles apart, he was right to believe that the islanders were connected. Cook also believed that the Polynesians of the Pacific region should have originated in Asia. The change between races may be another great stimulus for Darwin and others.

During the years of colonial expansion, the British Geological Society was of such high stature that Banks, an explorer and naturalist, served as a member of the Royal Society for 42 years. During this time, he built Kew Gardens into the world's largest botanical garden and used a greenhouse method to grow tropical plants for the first time.

This is a great garden for both ornamental and scientific purposes, and even more intimate is that there is also a towering Chinese pagoda here, which is relaxing and pleasant to see from a bird's eye view of the green garden.

The current owner of the Royal Botanic Gardens is Hook, a good friend of Banksy's, who has been in charge for ten years with Banks' help on an ocean trip. Downing asks Hook about the habits of rubber trees and what they need to pay attention to when transplanting.

Unfortunately, Hooker didn't know as much about rubber as Downing, and at this time, Faraday was studying rubber products, not rubber trees.

The greatest gain from talking to Hook was that Hook was quite appreciative of wireless telegraphy, because he was a man who had traveled around the world at sea, and knew how lonely and helpless it was to be on the ocean, and after he had visited Iceland in the summer of 1809, the ship caught fire, and all the specimens he had collected were destroyed, and he almost lost his life. In the absence of Downing's vigorous promotion, many long-distance ships have now taken the initiative to install wireless telegraphy, so that they can receive telegraphs during the voyage, know everything about the world, and be able to notify distant employers and relatives when major changes occur.

The probability of an accident is so great that the people who go to the sea are basically explorers. It can be seen in the cholera and fires that Downing experienced on his way across the Indian Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean to London. At the mention of cholera, Downing remembered that he had brought Hook a small gift - the inaugural issue of the journal Nature, which was not for sale for the time being, but would be given to a prestigious scientist.

Nature was originally a magazine created by Downing to popularize reliable scientific knowledge, and cholera was the focus. In addition to describing Downing's use of rehydration salts to dramatically reduce cholera mortality and chlorine disinfection, Downing also described research methods for raising and observing pathogens in petri dishes. It's going to be a medical masterpiece.

Cholera began in 1839 and ravaged all of North Africa, South America, and several major outbreaks in Europe, and it was a pandemic that doctors in London were more concerned about.

Not inferior to this article is the color printing technology of Nature itself, and the first article in the inaugural issue was "Why the World Is Colored?" about this printing technology. Downing's "conjecture" is introduced, and the human eye may recognize colors through three types of cells, namely red, green, and blue. There is strong evidence that mixing the three primary colors in different proportions can produce all colors. From this principle, we can deduce a kind of color printing, that is, using the three primary colors of Yin Tu blue, magenta, and yellow, all colors can be printed. At this time, the mainstream color printing was still in the obscurantist stage of using dozens of pigments.

Cyan, magenta, and yellow are subtractive primary colors because each color represents the two additive primary colors left over from the white light by subtracting one additive primary color. Cyan, magenta, and yellow are the three main pigments used in color printing. The combination of these three colors in printing allows for a reasonable printing of the original, but this is not the case in practice. Due to the limitations of ink pigments, the darker colors produced are dirty and dirty. In order to solve this problem, a black version was also made to improve the color of the dark parts and improve the contrast of the image.

Seeing this, scientists and inventors are estimated to have been ethereal, but the most exciting is still to come, by taking pictures of the image three times, each time filtering different light with the corresponding color gel. After color separation, the desired result is three gray images that represent the red, green, and blue components of the original. In this way, it is color photography technology! Of course, printing inks cannot be mixed, and for this reason, only one color of ink can be printed at a certain point on the paper at a time. The visual mixing of different colors printed in close proximity gives the viewer the idea of a continuous image adjustment. This is the technical secret of the three primary color printing houses.

The inaugural issue of Nature used this photographic and printing technology to photograph the many beauties of Stoart Garden, as well as famous attractions such as the Houses of Parliament, Big Ben and Westminster Abbey, which is more shocking than any caption.

These are the two major bombshells of the inaugural issue, and there are also some less important papers that Downing invited scientific editors to ask scientists in various fields to write as foils.

Hook was flipping through the pages, but he was fascinated by the paper in the three primary colors at first glance, and it wasn't until he finished reading them all and admired all the color photos that he excitedly said: "If we had color photography technology when we travel around the world, it would be perfect, and this kind of camera will be sold soon, right?" ”

"We're working on a portable color camera technology, and your dreams will come true," Downing said. ”

Due to too many projects, many things that Downing is not particularly important to hand over to the hired scientists to experiment, for example, he only gave the team one direction for the control phase technology, "silver halide smeared on the polyacetate sheet base", even if it is film, three-layer silver halide is color film. As the name suggests, this material can be rolled up for easy portability. The development of electronic flashes is also underway, indicating that the direction is mainly composed of lamps, capacitors and corresponding control circuits. Its luminescence applies the principle of high-voltage discharge luminescence, that is, the capacitor is charged first, and when triggered, the gas (xenon or other inert gas) charged in the lamp is ionized by the high-voltage electric field formed by the capacitor discharge and emits extremely strong and dazzling visible light, and completes the flash task.

After all of this is achieved, the size of the camera is not much of a problem without an optical viewfinder, and photographers nowadays have to carry a large case on their backs to shoot exterior scenes, because their viewfinder is a large piece of glass! Children who don't know optics can't afford to hurt, and Downing's other direction is to use the rangefinder viewfinder to reduce this size by one-thirtieth, which is the normal size of a modern camera.

Downing was a fan of Leica, so he admired the rangefinder viewfinder, which uses two unrelated optical paths, so it is super small, while a DSLR requires a pentaprism to unify the optical path of the viewfinder and lens.

The main purpose of this visit to Kew Gardens was not achieved, and in the end, at the suggestion of Hooke, a reward was offered to smuggle rubber seeds from Brazil for £10 per thousand grains. The Brazilian Empire is the territory of the Portuguese, since the invention of the rubber vulcanization process, the price of this material has been rising, in the Brazilian state of Pará there has been a "rubber gold rush", a large number of immigrants to the Amazon primeval jungle to find wild rubber trees, because at this time there is no large-scale plantation, which is why rubber raw materials are so expensive. The Portuguese would never let the white gold slip away easily. Now Downing is somewhat considerate of why Queen Elizabeth I of England used the "privateer" method to fight the Spaniards in the Age of Discovery.

Tang Ning posted a reward in the Telegraph in the name of Nanhai Company, which sparked heated discussions, hey, Nanhai Company, synonymous with bubble economy, has actually revived! As a result, the spread of this bounty went further, and everyone also knew that Tang Ning is now the chairman of Nanhai Company, and the bounty is absolutely guaranteed.