March 3, 1944. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 infoWest bank of the Yellow River, Beiqiulin Town, Yichuan County.

Yichuan County is a county west of the Yellow River in Shaanxi Province, and it is not a county in Shanxi.

Yichuan County is due west of Linfen from the direction. Southwest of Taiyuan. This county is a small mountainous county, and there are loess mountains everywhere. The best place to live is in the ravine. It's really not a wealthy area, it's a small place that has been almost ignored by all political forces.

In a small ravine in Yichuan County, there is a row of inconspicuous caves. No one could have imagined that this was the temporary official residence of Yan Xishan, the king of Shanxi.

This ditch was named Longyin Ditch by a person, Yan Xishan, and there is only one word difference between it and Beijing's Longxu Ditch, and it is only two words different from Longxu Noodles.

On November 8, 1937, Taiyuan fell, and on December 23, Yan Xishan ordered the Second Theater Command, the Shanxi Provincial Government, and other organs to retreat from Jixian and Guxian to Sangbai, Qiulin, and Guanting in Yichuan.

In 1938, when the invading Japanese army besieged Ji County, Shanxi, Yan Xishan led his troops and Zhao Daiwen, chairman of Shanxi Province, to cross the Yellow River from Xiaochuanwo West on March 20 and stationed in Qiulin Town.

On January 27, 1939, Yan Xishan led his troops to cross the Yellow River from the ice to the west through Chiyuan, through Sangbai Village, Hukou Township, and arrived at Qiulin Town on the 29th. Since then, it has become an important headquarters of the Second War Zone and the station of Yan Xishan.

For example, in March 1939, the "Autumn Forest Conference" was held here. On December 6, 1939, Peng Dehuai, deputy commander-in-chief of the Eighth Route Army, mediated the armed conflict of the New Ninth Army with Yan Xishan. On February 25, 1940, Xiao Jinguang, director of the left-behind office, and Wang Ruofei, deputy chief of staff of the Eighth Route Army, were sent by the Party Central Committee to negotiate with Yan Xishan here. Some foreign journalists have been here, and foreign military officers have also visited here. Chen Jiageng and other condolence groups from the Nanyang Overseas Chinese Theater also came.

When Yan Xishan was stationed here, he changed the name of the place and repaired the building. Qiulin Town was changed to Xingji Town. The two ditches on the north side were changed to Longyin ditch and tiger roaring ditch. There are many buildings, many caves on the mountainside, the auditorium of Longyin Valley, Yichuan Luochuan Highway, Yichuan Sangbai Highway.

In addition, he also built a number of factories, such as the No. 1 Chemical Factory in Wuliping Village, and the Cotton and Wool Textile Factory; Jinxing Paper Mill in Yangwan Village, Shanxi Fuxing Textile Mill in Guanzhuang Village, and so on.

During the Anti-Japanese War, Yan Xishan was not only stationed in Yichuan County, but also stationed in another place, which was called Kenanpo. Where is Kenanpo? Just east of Yichuan County, across the Yellow River.

Kenanpo is located 15 kilometers north of Hukou, in the ravine east of the Yellow River, and was the place where Yan Xishan was stationed for the longest time during the Anti-Japanese War. It was the political core of Shanxi during the Anti-Japanese War, and the maximum number of people stationed there reached 20,000, known as Little Taiyuan. Foreign journalists have been here to cover the news.

This place, originally called Nancun Slope, was built on a large scale after Yan Xishan was in the middle of the phase, and the name was also changed by him, which means to overcome difficulties, and Nancun is homophonic with difficulty in surviving, and it is unlucky. After the construction was successful, all the Shanxi government-in-exile was stationed here. In August 1938, Yan Zaiguxian met with Commander-in-Chief Zhu De.

Yan Xishan once had a poem "Feelings for Kenanpo":

A corner of the mountain city is thousands of miles away, and the nine songs of the dynasty are deep,

There is no ultimate in the pitching of heaven and earth, and I am willing to cast the ancient and modern furnaces.

There is a stone pavilion built on the back mountain of Kenanpo, which was named Wanghe Pavilion by Yan Xishan. The stone pillar in front of the pavilion has a couplet written by Yan Xishan: the left couplet is "Qiu Belt occasionally ascends, sees the surging yellow stream, goes straight down to the dragon gate, walks the stone and raises the waves, and reads the heroes of the ages"; The right link is "the wind and clouds are reckless and vast, Zhenghuma is vertical and horizontal, wants to peep at the mouth of the pot, draws the knife and cuts off the water, and vows to recover thousands of miles of broken mountains and rivers." The horizontal batch is: "A pillar in the north sky".

Longyingou is just another station of Yan Xishan. The three caves of the cunning rabbit, Yan Xishan, a native of Shanxi, are cautious and dancing on three eggs, and the place where he is stationed naturally cannot be a place.

Yan Xishan was born on October 8, 1883, a native of Wutai, Shanxi.

He was a man from the late Qing Dynasty, and the middle move happened to be the year of the fall of the Qing Dynasty. However, before the middle lift, he also went to Japan to study, and returned to Shanxi after graduating from the Japanese Army Non-commissioned Officer School in 1909. During his time in Japan, he had a classmate named Kenji Dohihara, and in addition, he also met Sun Yat-sen and joined the League.

After returning to China, he was promoted and entered the Shanxi New Army. On October 28, 1910 the rebel army. After the success of the Xinhai Revolution, Yan Xishan served as the governor of Shanxi.

Yan Xishan is a very strange combination, both in thought and in action.

He implemented the new policy "six politics and three things" in Shanxi. The so-called six policies: water conservancy, tree planting, sericulture, non-smoking, broken braids, and Tianzu; The so-called three things: cotton planting, afforestation, livestock. In addition, he is committed to the development of education. The New Deal lasted for several years, and Shanxi's economy changed greatly.

Another of his new policies was the development of industry. Shanxi's arsenal is praised for its industrial development, with the Taiyuan Arsenal and the Shanxi Gunpowder Factory, which can be ranked alongside the Hanyang Arsenal and the Shenyang Arsenal.

But he fought a civil war, closed Shanxi, and was an old warlord. How did he close Shanxi? Legend has it that the gauge of the railway in Shanxi is different from that of the surrounding provinces. Shanxi Hai specially designed carriages, into Shanxi, can talk about the track gauge narrowing, out of Shanxi, and then widen the rules.

At the beginning, Yan Xishan cut down trees and built a railway, and the slopes of Shanxi were bare for a while.

Some people defended him, saying that Yan Xishan used French capital to build the railway, and it was undertaken by the French Dauche Bank. The French were to adopt the meter gauge.

Although his ideas have the new ideas of the revolutionary party, they are Confucianism in their bones. He pays attention to the three immortals, that is, virtue, meritorious service, and speech.

He has a philosophical thought, called "philosophy in the middle", which is actually the golden mean, paying attention to impartiality and reasonableness, but it is not as good as the middle, and the thing happens to be in the middle; If you gain the right person, you will succeed, and if you lose the middle will be destroyed; To admit the contradictions, we must analyze the contradictions with the analysis method of two, so as to obtain the non-contradiction of the contradiction, so that the contradiction can be eliminated and the moderate can be achieved in order to survive; It is believed that there is a difference between the mother and the child, the mother is unchanged, the child obeys the mother, and the person takes life as the highest mother; To exist is to be truth, and to be necessary is to be legitimate.

"Seeking the right in moderation" is his famous phrase, which means to use the philosophy of the medium to guide the solution to the problem.

Although he has said many times in employing people, "it is difficult to know people, and it is especially difficult to employ people", and he believes that "employing people is like a royal horse, the good of the royal can go far, and the bad of the royal can cover the body", "employing people and doing things, if you are not careful at the beginning, you will regret it at the end".

But in reality, he mainly used his township party, and his wife, Xu Zhuqing's uncle, Xu Yiqing, became the secretary of finance in Shanxi and the manager of Dahan Bank, and controlled Shanxi's financial power. Shanxi proverb: "If you can speak Wutai, you will carry a foreign knife."

Because he studied in Japan, he was deeply influenced by militarism, and wrote the book "On Militarism", which was actively propagated in Shanxi Province. The book adopts a question-and-answer style, with a total of 13 questions and about 20,000 words. There are mainly views on militarism and power, the art of victory, martial arts education, the status of soldiers, and the role of military spirit.

A businessman wearing a top hat, a long gown, and a woolen scarf, led by a staff officer-like man, entered the cave. The shaking room is very spacious, there are eight immortal tables, Taishi chairs, the middle hall is hung on the wall, and the couplets are hung on both sides of the middle hall, however, there is a banner on the middle hall with four big characters written on it: "Moderate and right".

Seeing these four words, the businessman knew that he was about to meet Yan Xishan himself.

At this time, several well-dressed villagers followed the staff officer and walked out of the cave, led by a gentry-like humanitarian: "This visit to the cave of Bochuan Gong has touched me a lot. The commander of the Second War Zone, who is sparse in food and clothing, and who is industrious and industrious, is really a model for today's party and government officials. "This is a delegation of peasant representatives, and the businessmen know that the comrades manipulated by Yan Xishan will organize similar delegations on some days, and then the journalists will write articles and publish them in the newspapers.

The staff officer said, "Yes." The commander worked very hard, and he was willing to meet the villagers, which was his old man's act of virtue, meritorious service, and speech. ”

Another squire said: "The commander's food is simple, and it is still the taste of his hometown: steamed buns by the river, cakes from Daxing, and tofu in yam egg stew; Turn the wheat husk and wheat around, and add an egg to the soup. ”

Riverside, Daxing is the name of the village of Wutai County. Oats are oats. Wheat husk is a kind of pasta made of oats, flakes (whether it is a pancake or a dough sheet. It's not clear). The wheat is made of green wheat grains.

The staff officer left with a delegation of peasants.

The staff officer went out, and in a moment, the curtain on the side wall was lifted, and a person in military uniform walked out, it was Yan Xishan.

When the businessman saw this, he stood up and said, "I've seen Commander Yan." ”

Yan Xishan said: "Hello, hello." May I ask Feng Sizhi, how is Brother Feng Xian? ”

Feng Sizhi is currently the puppet governor of Shanxi Province supported by the Japanese army. Feng Sizhi, one of the first batch of government-funded students in Shanxi to study in Japan in 1904, graduated from Meiji University in Tokyo, and served as the chairman of Shanxi Education before the war, a member of the provincial government, and the director of the Department of Education. After the fall of Taiyuan, he became a traitor, and in 1942, he succeeded Su Tirenwei as the second puppet governor of Shanxi. Su Tiren was dismissed from his post for offending the Japanese and went to Beiping.

The old brother Su said: "Governor Feng is fine, I just want to see the commander as soon as possible and settle the matter." ”

Yan Xishan said: "Okay." Nowadays, the situation in Shanxi and Hebei has changed, and we should act early. Governor Feng's actions were remembered by Yan. ”

Brother Su said: "The position of provincial governor, Mr. Feng Sizhi and Mr. Feng don't dare to mention it anymore." This is Mr. Feng's handwritten letter, please take a look at it from the commander. ”

＊＊＊＊＊＊

1, Juzhi, is the name of the traitor in the language system of Yan Xishan, generally referring to the Shanxi Jin Sui Army, the traitor of the Jin Sui faction.

2, Xingshi is the name of non-traitors in Yan Xishan's language system, non-traitors, not necessarily anti-Japanese people.

3. The Comrades Association, the full name of the Self-improvement and National Salvation Comrades Association, is a political organization founded by Yan Xishan, a quasi-political party, or a small local group in Shanxi.

4, dancing on three eggs, Yan Xishan himself said, he wants to go around between Lao Jiang, Yan'an, and the Japanese, and no one can be offended, this is his dance steps. Yan Xishan said: I want to dance on these three eggs, and I can't step on any of them.