Compared with the nationalists in Brazil, the voices of the indigenous Malays in the South Seas and the Indonesian ethnic groups are too small for the British and Dutch colonial authorities to listen to their attitudes, and even if they do, it is just for show, but to be gentle, to deceive, to fool them. Pen ~ fun ~ pavilion www.biquge.info

First of all, all ethnic groups in Indonesia, they have not yet formed a unified national concept within themselves, the cultural differences are too great, one nation and another nation are sometimes like people who are not the same world, Batavia has appeared a large number of Indonesians educated in the West, but in the tropical rainforest of Borneo, there are still headhunters like Daya, and the New Guinea Peninsula is in the era of cannibals.

The Malays are no better, although they are ostensibly an ethnic group, but communication between many dialects is problematic, the gap is larger than the dialects of other parts of China, and they are influenced by various surrounding countries, some areas of the Malays are more like the Burmese, some places are more like the Siamese, and some places are more like the Bengalis.

In their history, only in 1402 was the establishment of a Manchurian state that unified the entire Malay Peninsula, but it was destroyed by the Portuguese more than a hundred years later in 1528, and there are now 9 hereditary sultans on the Malay Peninsula to govern the entire Malay community.

The later Malay supreme head of state selected the oldest and most senior Malay head of state from among the nine sultans through a supreme council. However, at this time, a unified Malay state had not yet been formed, and the Sultans were in a competitive relationship, and the contradictions between them were even greater than ********. The different interests of each other have led many people to disagree that they are the same people as the people of other sultans.

Regardless of the factors, the Indonesians and Malays who could not unite could not stop the penetration of the Chinese in this region, and they did not have much willingness to exclude, as a young people who had not been far from the nomadic culture, the Malays did not have a strong sense of land, the ruler Sultan did not have a territorial concept, and Singapore was even sold to the British by a sultan.

Can be sold to the British, why can't it be sold to the Chinese? As a backward people, the history of the British to Malaysia is far less than that of the Chinese, since the Tang Dynasty has been active in this generation of Chinese, the history of immigration also began in the Tang Dynasty, but large-scale immigration, is the Ming and Qing dynasties, especially the Ming Dynasty, a large number of people who fled China moved to this generation, in the coastal areas of the Malay Peninsula, there are many Chinese families who have settled here for more than 500 years.

Hundreds of years of mixed history, the Malays have long been accustomed to being neighbors with the Chinese, but since the end of the Qing Dynasty, the speed of Chinese migration to the South Seas has greatly increased, Chinese capital has acquired a large number of land on the Malay Peninsula, although it is all economic exchanges, but Chinese capitalists buy regardless of size, that is, like British capital, they buy large areas of real estate and mountains and forests and wasteland from Malay chiefs and sultans, and also buy small pieces of land from Malay small landowners, this kind of operation is too aggressive, plus Britain is the Malay ruler after all, Therefore, a large number of bankrupt Malay lower-class people only dared to hate the Chinese, but did not dare to throw their anger on the British.

Therefore, in recent years, the more Chinese move to the Malay region, the more prosperous the economy of the Malay region, the more serious the social problems, in fact, it is very simple to see the surge of contradictions in the period of rapid social development, stop this pass, but not survive, began to fall into the quagmire of chaos, like South America, Argentina is the fourth richest country in the world in this era, and the bird-like in later generations is the result of continuous struggle in this cycle.

But now it's different, the Malays can't get through it on their own, and China will let them get through.

A large number of Chinese operate real estate in Malaysia, the middle level began to open shops and trade, and the top level opened factories and banks, from top to bottom, a whole Chinese economic chain has been formed, not to mention the Malays, even the British have begun to compete fiercely.

However, in the context of power, no one dared to rule out Chinese, and there were some extremist ideas spread among the poor at the bottom, and organized violence against the Chinese and the British rulers was only carried out, demanding the establishment of the Chinese on the one hand, and the exclusion of the Chinese on the other, but at the same time encountering the joint repression of the British colonial authorities and the Chinese.

With the acquiescence of the British colonial government, the big Chinese capitalists formed a large number of private armed forces, patrolling their factories and farms in peacetime, and cooperating with the colonial police to suppress the Malay movement in case of emergency.

The Malay movement is not happening, can not shake the Malay economy to enjoy prosperity, excellent geographical environment and climate, the most important thing is that China to give the Nanyang region tax exemption policy stimulated, so that the rubber industry here is very prosperous, with the help of Chinese capital and technology, and the rubber-related industry has developed, the tire industry, raincoat, rubber shoes industry has become a scale, the tobacco industry is also very prosperous, Nanyang tobacco led by Nanyang Brothers Company occupies half of the Chinese market, The tropical fruit industry and canning industry have also entered the Chinese diet, and Singapore has become a well-deserved Nanyang economic center integrating shipping, industry, finance and trade.

Singapore's population has increased rapidly, and it has reached about 2 million, of which 1.8 million are Chinese, making it a pure Chinese society, and the Chinese in the entire Malay Peninsula have reached 5 million, more than the 4 million Malays, becoming the main ethnic group in the Malay Peninsula.

The Chinese in the Dutch colony of Indonesia cannot become the dominant ethnic group for the time being, because there are too many Indonesians, close to 60 million people, but unlike the Malay region, Indonesians are mainly concentrated on the island of Java and Madura, the three major ethnic groups, Javanese, Madura and Sundanese, Javanese and Sundanese are basically on Java Island, and Madura people are distributed on Madura Island, and these three ethnic groups account for nearly 40 million Indonesians.

However, the Chinese are mainly concentrated in cities such as Batavia on the island of Java, where it has been too crowded, because there is a rare fertile volcanic ash soil in the Indonesian archipelago, so it has always been the population center of Indonesia, always accounting for more than half of the population, and the population here in later generations has exceeded 100 million, but the area is relatively small, so it is difficult to find developable land and resources on the island, so it is impossible to attract more Chinese to operate.

On the other hand, because the Chinese went to the Nanyang area, most of them are now transiting through Singapore to other regions, so around the center of Singapore, the closer the area, the more Chinese immigrants. There are also historical reasons, as early as 200 years ago in the Qianlong period, the Chinese formed a settlement on Borneo Island (Kalimantan), one of the largest islands in the world, and Lanfang Company was called the first overseas country of Chinese by later scholars.

It is an exaggeration to say that the country is a bit exaggerated, some controversy, but there is no controversy about saying that the Chinese have long established a Chinese community in Borneo, and the Chinese continue to immigrate to this area to seek a life along with the footsteps of their predecessors, long before China reached a cooperation agreement with the Dutch, the Chinese in Borneo have been one of the three major ethnic groups alongside the Dayats and the Malays with a headhunting tradition, and the cooperation agreement with the Dutch after the European war has cleared the obstacles for the Chinese to enter here, and the social status has been unprecedentedly improved, with the support of Shanghai Financial Group, The economy is also stronger than ever, with rubber, tobacco and tropical fruits being sold duty-free in the Chinese market, and a large number of Chinese have set up agricultural plantations here, opening up large tracts of tropical plantations.

The Malays are mainly concentrated in the northern part of Borneo, living in places such as the Sultanate of Brunei and Sarawak, while the Chinese gradually expand their plantations from the coast and along the river, and operate industry and commerce in the cities.

The biggest difficulty in the development is the barren land in the rainforest, some people think that the land in the tropics is fertile, and even some literary works depict it as such, which is the biggest misunderstanding, in fact, often the land in the tropics is barren, because of too much rain, resulting in a leaching effect, the minerals in the soil often flow with the rain, so this is why Java is such an island with a high concentration of population, and the other islands in Indonesia are covered with dense primeval rainforest.

But this is not a problem, with the help of modern technology, soil improvement is not difficult, as long as there is enough labor and the right method, the desert can become fertile land, the Chinese clear the plants along the river, enclose the land into an independent area, around the soil ridges, create an independent area, and then accumulate manure soil fertilizer and fertilizer in it, guano on the islands of Nauru in the central Pacific Ocean is the best fertilizer, accumulate on the land for two or three years to grow crops, better is humus such as peat, Peat mined from the Mekong River is piled up in the rainforest wasteland and can be planted the following year.

The situation on the island of Sumatra is similar, a large amount of agricultural capital enters here, and some people contribute money, and Chinese society, which is linked by clans, villagers and friends, rapidly penetrates into the Sumatra region; But unlike Borneo, Chinese commercial capital has developed rapidly in Jugang, where Chinese-controlled shipbuilding and shipping industries have been formed, and large quantities of Sumatra's output have been shipped to China.

Although the development of Palembang cannot catch up with Singapore, and cannot compete with Singapore for the status of the economic center of the South Seas, it has become a shipping center in the waters of Borneo and Sumatra, and it is not lost to Singapore in the material transshipment market in the South Seas, and even with the prosperity of Singapore, low prices and service costs have increased, there are faint signs of replacing it here.

The full penetration of industry, commerce and agriculture is the injection of huge amounts of capital, and the flow of capital has led to the flow of people, the Chinese population in the Malay Peninsula has reached 5 million, in Borneo it has reached more than 2 million, and in Sumatra there are about 1.5 million people, half of whom have emigrated in the last ten years, and the number has reached a staggering 4 million.

Where is it in China where so many people are willing to emigrate? (To be continued.) )