1 construction industry, the quality of the Ming Dynasty bricks is famous, the technical level surpasses the Song Dynasty, Western missionaries have specially praised the bricks of the Ming Dynasty \ look at the memories of the Westerners

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Western missionaries were still praising China's abundant products and material production capacity far superior to that of Europe, claiming that there were nearly one million gentlemen and merchants." "Words, feelings, first, http://www.Klxsw.com

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There are many ceramic factories in Nanjing, which can produce 1 million pieces of porcelain per year. Jingdezhen has become the porcelain capital of the world. The use of rotary blank cars for porcelain making not only improves production efficiency, but also makes the spun porcelain blanks more refined and standardized. The glazing method is to blow the glaze instead of the glaze brushing method, so that the glaze is more uniform and shiny. and developed polychrome porcelain. The iron-smelting technology has also been significantly improved, and it has developed from the steel-filling smelting method to the Suzhou steel smelting method, which is a steel-making method with high efficiency.

At that time, there were tens of thousands of porcelain craftsmen and workshops in Jingdezhen alone, with superb porcelain technology, well-equipped official kilns, and private kilns that produced a large number of civilian porcelain. At that time, it has spread all over Fujian, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Henan, Sichuan and other provinces, "there are no less than 30 troughs in the paper mill, and there are no less than 12,000 helpers in each trough", and the paper varieties include "bamboo paper", "fire paper", "rough paper", "Cambodian paper", "Ji paper", "leather paper", "cotton paper". The printing workshop is quite large, and the innovation of printing is copper and lead movable type printing, color overprinting and arch flower and other processes. Coal mining, steelmaking, iron smelting, and silver mine development have all developed rapidly.

Cotton textile industry

In the Ming Dynasty, the cotton textile industry had been pushed from the south to the north. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the technology of cotton weaving was continuously improved, and the tools were increasingly advanced. The scope is more extensive.

Minerals and silver

The iron output of the Ming Dynasty was twice that of the Song Dynasty, reaching more than 9,000 tons during the Wanli period, the metallurgical industry was extremely developed, and the Tiangong Kaiwu had a detailed record in this regard, and then more than two hundred years, no country in the world could break this record. In the 16th and 17th centuries, Spain and Portugal conquered the Americas and obtained large quantities of gold and silver there. When the Spanish and Portuguese nobles received this wealth, the first thing they did was to buy silk, porcelain, and tea from China, and most of the silver and gold eventually went to China. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, one-third of the world's silver went to China through guò trade.

shipbuilding

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, when Zheng He went to the Western Ocean, the largest treasure ship in the Ming Dynasty was 150 meters long and more than 30 meters wide, which was the largest ship in the world at that time. By the middle of the Ming Dynasty, although the imperial court no longer carried out the great voyages like Zheng He, the Chinese sailors still controlled the southern Taiping, and the kings of countries such as Indonesia and the Philippines were founded with the support of the Ming Dynasty. The Ming Dynasty's maritime prowess was described by European missionaries as suching as many ships from the mainland to the Strait of Malacca overnight, if the Chinese emperor wished. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, due to the need to fight against the Japanese and the Korean resistance against Japan, the Ming Dynasty government was flawless and looked southward, and was finally exploited by Portugal and the Netherlands to extend its power to the South Pacific. Even so, the Dutch colonists still had to pay annual tribute to the Zheng regime entrenched in Taiwan.

Tertiary industry

According to Arab travelers, at that time, the tertiary industry existed in almost every city in China, and it is conservatively estimated that there were nearly 20,000 workers engaged in the tertiary industry in Beijing. Unlike Europe and the Muslim world, the tertiary industry was legal in the Ming Dynasty at that time, and officials did not take sweeping the tertiary industry as their political achievement.

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