This seems to be a very important and correct thing to do. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 infoBut since Zhu Jishi came to power, he has not made any effort in this regard, and he is even working in the opposite direction. As a result, many conservative-minded Confucian scholars regarded the current Great Ming Dynasty as a barbarian country, and privately wrote many critical articles. pointed out that the current Taishang Emperor is deviant, and he is actually a famous sinner, no different from Hong Yang and others!

In Zhu Jishi's view, such accusations are unreasonable. Because he thinks that he is not only not a famous sinner, but also the saint who is the saint in Zhang Zai's mouth, and the greatest contribution of our great sage Zhu to Ming and Confucianism is to "throw" them all aside for nearly 3o years......

Is this a contribution? Of course! In Zhu Jishi's view, the Ming Dynasty has embarked on a wrong path since the Song Dynasty, and it is even more wrong to go to the Ming and Qing Dynasties! However, to correct or carry forward the sacred learning of the past is by no means an overnight achievement, still less can we replace an "erroneous" idea with a "correct" thought, because this replacement is often the formation of a new monopoly of truth!

Moreover, in Zhu Jishi's view, the problem of Ming is not which Confucian's doctrine is right or wrong, but the monopoly of truth established by the imperial court through the imperial examination system! Not to mention that although the mainstream natural sciences can cite many examples of Confucianism or the imperial court attaching importance to natural sciences, the backwardness of the Ming in natural sciences has already shown the problem, and even philosophy, which is regarded as the mother of science by the West, has been destroyed for a long time under the official monopoly of truth."

Although there have been so-called great Confucians in all dynasties. But in Zhu Jishi's opinion. These Confucians were likewise victims of the monopoly of official truth. As long as their ideas do not meet the requirements of the authorities. It will be lost very quickly, and even if it is not lost, it will not become mainstream. Taking 10,000 steps back, most of those ideas that do not meet the official requirements are also things that are encircled by rules and regulations, and they cannot get rid of the way of Confucius and Mencius at all, and at most they are forging or distorting the Confucian classics.

Zhu Jishi could follow the example of some of them, and forge the little philosophical ideas he had wholesaled from the West into Confucian things to disseminate. But he didn't choose to do it, because in his opinion. What really suppressed Minghe's thought was not the wrong thought, but the monopoly of truth and the monopoly of the imperial examination and the sword and axe! Zhu Jishi himself doesn't know much about the Confucian classics, and he can't even compare to a talent in this era, and the Confucian classics he forged will definitely not be able to resist the Confucian students of this era to study, and will soon be exposed. What to do then? Do you also use knives and axes to spread the truth and form a new monopoly of truth?

Therefore, in the Western-style universities and new-style middle schools founded by Zhu Jishi, Western philosophy was generously introduced, and together with the ancient Chinese philosophy known as Chinese culture, it was ancient Chinese philosophy in front of the students, not a single Confucianism. Including the doctrines of the hundred schools of thought of the pre-Qin princes, they are all part of ancient Chinese philosophy.

Of course. Most middle school and college students do not need to study many philosophy-related courses, and only need a little understanding of Western philosophy, as long as they can memorize some of the famous passages of traditional Chinese philosophical thought. A small number of students who are genuinely interested in philosophy are trained by the philosophy departments and Chinese studies departments of various universities.

In addition, during the years that Zhu Jishi was in power. The relationship between officials and philosophy has become weaker and weaker. In the current Ming Empire, it is easier to become an official than in all previous dynasties, because Zhu Jishi also integrated the officials into the bureaucracy, thus turning the imperial examination into a civil service examination, and the annual admission quota is as high as tens of thousands, which is hundreds of times more than the original imperial examination quota. Because the recruits are "small civil servants" rather than "pillars of the clear stream", the content of the examination is also more practical, rather than Confucian classics Under the imperial examination system, the civil officials who came out of the examination room will definitely have the level of masters of Chinese studies, calligraphers and poets in later generations. The country has a population of 40,000,000 and tens of millions of scholars, and there are only about 100 jinshi a year, and the difficulty can be imagined.

As for the "administrative appointees" that appeared after the full implementation of the constitutionalism, they had nothing to do with the examinations of the Confucian classics, which were determined by votes and had little to do with philosophical thought.

&nb years of "freezing", the relationship between officials and Confucianism has become no longer close, and officials and cynics naturally do not exist, instead of replacing the wrong officials with the right officials.

Moreover, in the case of the gradual decoupling of Confucianism from the officials, the ideas of the hundred schools of thought of the sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty, which had been suppressed for nearly 2ooo years since the Han Dynasty, also gradually began to recover. The various theories and theories of Moism, Legalism, Taoism, Zonghengism, Mingjia, Miscellaneous, and Yin-Yang have all been excavated and studied.

For the new generation of philosophers who grew up in the new universities of the Ming Dynasty, the philosophical ideas they were exposed to were no longer limited to the East, but could absorb the philosophical wisdom of the world. As a result, there is an opportunity for the philosophical ideas of the East and the West to corroborate each other, and to a certain extent, this mutual corroboration has carried forward many traditional Chinese philosophical ideas that have been annihilated. From a certain point of view, some ancient Chinese philosophies, which have been obliterated for a long time, have a chance to rejuvenate after absorbing the fresh blood of Western philosophy.

"Zuo Qing, have you read Wang Lanqing's article?"

In the Yingtian Hot Spring Palace, Zuo Zongtang, who came to accompany Zhu Jishi to play Go, did not see the chessboard chess pieces, but saw an internal publication of Jishi University, "Baijia", which was run by Wang Tao, the president of Yingtian Jishi University, and it was full of esoteric philosophical questions. Lan Qing is the word of Wang Tao, the president of Ying Tianjishi University. And this Wang Tao also graduated from Jishi University in his early years, and spent a few years in Zhu Jishi's imperial study, and later formed the Jishi Youth Party with Pan Zuyin. However, this duke does not seem to be suitable for politics and officials, and it didn't take long for him to go to teach at Jishi University, which is more than 20 years.

“…… I've seen some. Zuo Zongtang nodded, Wang Tao did some research in addition to teaching, not scientifically, but philosophically. This person is known as a scholar of both China and the West, and he is comparable to His Majesty in terms of learning. ”

"He's not the same as me." Zhu Jishi shook his head, "I am proficient in science, and Wang Lanqing is engaged in philosophy, although there are similarities, but they are not the same thing after all." ”

The word "philosophy" was introduced to Chinese characters by Zhu Jishi, for which he compiled a dictionary to explain the new words he introduced.

"Lao Chen originally thought that Westerners only had science far superior to my Huaxia, and the truth would not work. After reading the articles of Wang Lanqing and Japan's Yukichi Fukuzawa, I realized that the truth of Westerners is also broad and profound, no less than that of China. ”

In this case, Zuo Zongtang would not have said it anyway 3o years earlier. And Zhu Jishi doesn't have the ability to convince a great Confucian like Zuo Zongtang to reason is not something Zhu Jishi is good at, and his own philosophical skills are very poor, and he can't be compared with people like Wang Tao and Fukuzawa Yukichi who have studied Eastern and Western philosophy all their lives.

Zhu Jishi laughed, can make a great Confucian like Zuo Zongtang admit the breadth and profundity of Western philosophy, it seems that the emancipation of the mind in the past 3o years is still very effective. He nodded, "The theory of Westerners, philosophy is the mother of science, and the basis of their scientific development is the progress of philosophical thought. ”

"The truth of Westerners is that a hundred schools of thought contend, similar to the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, although it is broad but a little messy, and there are many harmful truths." Zuo Zongtang shook his head. "If you don't introduce them indiscriminately, and then take them as a reason, I'm afraid that it will end up messing up people's hearts."

There are many categories of Western philosophical thought, and of course there are some that Zuo Zongtang is not used to. However, Zhu Jishi didn't want to talk to him about this today, but wanted to talk about the revival of the hundred schools. This is a set of theories advocated by Wang Tao in recent years, arguing that the principles of Confucianism have limitations, and that they are only one but not all of the pre-Qin hundred schools. In particular, the teachings of the three schools of Mo, Taoism, and Fa are not under Confucianism, and many of them are still secretly in line with Western philosophy, and should now be revived and given the same status as Confucianism, and become a part of Chinese philosophical thought.

"Zuo Qing, what do you think of the truth of the hundred schools of thought?" Zhu Jishi asked, "Is it possible to revivenation?" ”

"Wang Lanqing is nothing more than packaging the truth of Western philosophy into the truth of the hundred schools of pre-Qin." Zuo Zongtang smiled, and as soon as he opened his mouth, he unceremoniously peeled off the disguise of Wang Tao's theory.

Many of the principles of the pre-Qin hundred schools, including Confucianism itself, and some of the ideas of Western philosophers have something in common. However, on the one hand, the truth of more than 2ooo years ago has been lost a lot, and on the other hand, it has been developed by Western philosophers after the Renaissance. It is self-evident who is more perfect and more suitable for today's era compared to the two. Wang Tao's revival of the hundred schools of thought is actually to supplement the ideas of the hundred schools of thought in the pre-Qin period with the more perfect principles of Western philosophy. It's not bad to say that Xizhe is packaged into a hundred schools.

"So Zuo Qing thinks it's not good to package it like this?" Zhu Jishi smiled and asked, "In the dignified Greater China, is there only some truth from Confucius and Mencius?" Isn't it too little? There are many truths in Western philosophy that are secretly in line with the hundred schools, which shows that the theories of the hundred schools of thought are also reasonable. ”

"Your Majesty," Zuo Zongtang pondered, "That's what the truth says, but what will the people in the world think?" The way of Confucius and Mencius has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people......"

"Haha," Zhu Jishi said with a laugh, "Isn't this the scholar himself who brought it up?" Zuo Qing, my Ming Dynasty has been revived for 31 years, and the world's readers are no longer the ones they were 31 years ago! (To be continued......)