Chapter 121 Academy

Since the implementation of the new policy in 1901, the gentry in various places have responded to the edict of the Qing court to promote schools, and set up a number of new-style schools, which either set up their own charters or copied and changed the statutes of other schools, and the level, curriculum, and length of time are uneven. At the same time, the Nakoju was also brought to the public in the school.

Under such circumstances, it has become the common aspiration of the Qing court and the scholars to establish standards, strengthen norms, and eliminate differences by formulating a unified national school system.

As a result, the school system promulgated at the end of the Qing Dynasty began with the "Charter of the King James School" and became the "Charter of the Song Ding School".

With the advent of these educational regulations, the feudal officials from all over the country have played and re-proposed the reform of the imperial examination, and Yuan Shikai even asked for the suspension of the imperial examination in order to promote the school and practice learning.

Therefore, under the strong promotion of the Beiyang family and the support of many frontier officials, the imperial court finally issued an edict to cancel the imperial examination in May 1905, all township examinations were stopped, and the provincial annual examinations were also stopped.

Under such circumstances, Wang Bin had to temporarily make some changes in the direction of reform and put the matter of school education on the agenda.

The main series of the school system is divided into three stages and seven levels.

The first stage is primary education, including 4 years in Mengxuetang, 3 years in ordinary primary school, and 3 years in higher primary school. Children are required to enter the Mongolian school from the age of 6 and only after graduation can they enter the primary school, whose purpose is "to teach moral knowledge and all things that are beneficial to the body." ”

The Mengxue Hall and the Ordinary Primary School are planned to be compulsory education for a total of 7 years, and "no matter what color people should receive this seven-year education".

The second stage is secondary education, with a secondary school for four years. The third stage is higher education, which is divided into three levels: 3 years of higher education or pre-university (with two subjects: politics and art); 3 years in the university hall (with seven departments: politics, literature, style, agriculture, technology, business, and medicine, and each department is divided into several majors); There is a graduate school above the university hall, which has an indefinite number of years, and is mainly research-oriented, and does not set up courses or lectures.

This school system, which was drawn up under the auspices of Zhang Baixi, is called the "Renyin School System".

This is the first national education system formulated in the name of the central government in modern China, which specifies the nature, training objectives, admission requirements, number of years of study, curriculum and mutual connection between various types of schools at all levels.

However, Zhang Baixi, who presided over the formulation of the "Renyin School System," was criticized for favoring the new school, and at the same time, because the school system was formulated hastily and there were some shortcomings, some people raised different opinions immediately after it was announced, and the "Renyin School System" failed to be implemented after it was announced.

Subsequently, the Qing government re-promulgated a series of documents on the school system reformulated by Zhang Baixi, Rong Qing and others, collectively known as the "Statutes of the School". Because it was announced in the lunar calendar, it is also known as the "癸卯 school system".

This is the first national statutory school system promulgated by the central government in modern China and implemented, which is more systematic and detailed than the "Renyin school system".

The reason why this school system is more systematic and detailed is mainly to put forward the principle of "making all households and families have children who are not able to learn", "to enlighten their knowledge in life, to establish the foundation of their ethics and love for the country, and to regulate the children's bodies and make them develop".

More importantly, the content of the teaching is more focused than the previous Renyin school system, emphasizing self-cultivation, reading scriptures, Chinese characters, arithmetic, history, geography, gezhi, gymnastics, etc.

The formulation of the school system, especially the promulgation of the school system, has solved the contradiction that there is no rule to follow for the development of schools in various localities, and has laid the foundation for the development of new-style schools. According to the development of the situation and the problems in its implementation, some additions and amendments have been made after the promulgation of the school system, and the most influential point is that the "female ban" has been opened in the school system.

Under such a big wave, Wang Bin also had to bring the matter of the school to the front of the military system.

Before the Russo-Japanese war, the education situation in Mukden was still good, and there were primary schools in various prefectures and counties, but after the Russo-Japanese war, because the Mukden area quickly became a battlefield, many schools suddenly stopped teaching, and many people were busy fleeing where to find time to think about education.

Therefore, after Wang Bin became General Shengjing, there was no longer a school in the Fengtian region, but the school in the western Liaoning region was still reluctantly opened under Wang Bin's stability.

Wang Bin also made corresponding reforms to the education administration, first set up the Department of Education Ambassadors as the administrative body in charge of education, and personally served as the Education Ambassadors to express the importance of education, and also set up six provincial inspectors under the Department of Education Ambassadors, who were specifically responsible for inspecting the school affairs of various prefectures, departments, prefectures and counties.

For the school in his own jurisdiction, Wang Bin also began to divide it, divided into primary school, middle school, and university hall for the construction of the school The local squires are naturally extremely supportive, in the late Qing Dynasty, everyone realized the importance of education, and the emergence of the construction of the school can also make themselves have a good reputation, so Wang Bin proposed the construction of the school, these squires are naturally extremely supportive.

With the support of these squires, Wang Bin quickly completed the construction plan of the school, and was responsible for the construction of primary schools in various places, but the middle school hall and the university hall will be taken over by Wang Bin himself, and no government has established a middle school hall to recruit outstanding students from the primary school.

After having these teachers and students, the school was quickly established, but it is not possible to have a lot of schools without teachers, so Wang Bin built a Jinzhou Normal School in Jinzhou City, specifically recruiting those talents and scholars for training, and then assigned to each school by the Ministry of Education and the teachers who have completed the training.

In the case of primary schools, there is currently the support of the squires and county governments in various places, and the cost is not too much to consider, but the middle school hall is different, and the cost of the middle school hall is still relatively high, but Wang Bin deliberately proposed to let the students settle half of the cost every year by the government, so that a large part of the tuition fees can be solved for students.

As for the university hall, at present, only a shelf has been erected, and there are relatively few students and teachers, so we can only wait for the students of the middle school hall to enter the university hall.

Moreover, there is another point that the current education reform is completely funded by Wang Bin, so the financial pressure is still very heavy, according to Xiong Xiling's report, if such an education continues, it will cost a lot of money every year, which cannot be sustained for too long with the current financial situation.

Therefore, on the basis of government-run education, Xiong Xiling proposed to Wang Bin the method of private construction of private schools, which can greatly alleviate the financial expenditure on education.

Although education has only just begun, Wang Bin believes that the results of education will be seen in two or three years.