Those scholars who came to Ji were so refuted by Shi Bufan that they had nothing to say, so they could only walk away. However, the poor students present also cheered, because they saw a very beautiful tomorrow. In the past, those scholars have always held the power of academic interpretation, they used the so-called Mandate of Heaven theory as an explanation, and then they made the people content to be ruled, and even created a large number of so-called inherently noble theories, intending to rule ideologically. And this theory made many later generations think that this is the case, and they complain about "life" and say that they don't have this life. But who knows that this "fate" is just a theoretical basis used by the ancient ruling class to oppress the people, but this is also a false proposition.

"I believe that destiny exists in the hearts of each and every one of us. Heaven is in the hearts of people, and virtue and conscience are naturally in the hearts of people. Since Heaven is in the hearts of each of us, the Mandate of Heaven is also in the hearts of each of us. life, that's the excuse of the weak. Luck is the humility of the successful. As long as each of us can master our own hearts, grasp our own inner heaven, and know what we need, then we can control our own destiny and we can fight for ourselves. The destiny of heaven is in our hearts, as long as we are firm in our hearts and not be deceived by external objects, that is also the destiny of heaven in our hearts. When a person controls his own heart, that is to grasp the destiny of heaven, because everyone's destiny is in the heart. Shi Bufan finally concluded.

Ren Yaxiang immediately shouted loudly: "Shi Xiaoshulang said well, heaven is in the hearts of all the people in our world, the mandate of heaven is the heart of the people, and the mandate of heaven is the sum of each of us!" ”

Those children from poor families felt even more excited, and Shi Bufan's "Xinxue" was a theoretical basis for them to fight for their own interests and their own rights and interests. In this way, it can be said that they have got rid of the shackles of ideology and scholarship formulated by the scholars from the academic theory, and have since entered a new realm. Such a breakthrough in ideology and scholarship will bring about the progress of the entire class and even the entire human race. Shi Bufan found a breakthrough point for these poor students to break through the ideological blockade of the scholars, so of course they have to defend it desperately.

It is conceivable that in the future, these poor students will definitely choose to spread the extraordinary "Mind Study", and even re-spread the so-called "Destiny View" of the extraordinary time, which is enough to influence countless people. The "heaven" that Shi Bufan said is in the hearts of people, not on the high. In this way, the mandate of heaven is the human heart, and the human heart is the destiny of heaven, so that everyone can control their own destiny, and not rely on that illusory destiny to rule. This extraordinary so-called heaven in the heart represents that everyone has the opportunity to control their own destiny, rather than absolutely obeying the arrangement of the scholars. And this is directly drawn from the bottom of the Divine Mandate Theory of the Shi Clan, and directly extracts the ideological core of the Shi Clan.

The scholars relied on the so-called "heaven" to shape the mandate of heaven, using the mandate of heaven to rule the people, and they constantly deified the "heaven" and made the heavens supreme. However, the "sky" of Shi Bufan was in his heart, and he directly pulled the so-called "heaven" off the altar and directly became an existence under people. Heaven only exists in everyone's heart, not some high being.

Shi Bufan speculated that this so-called destiny is in the hearts of the people in the future, and such a theory may develop into the theoretical basis of the so-called democratic election in the future, which is almost inevitable. directly denies the divinity of "Heaven", so that anyone who wants to rely on "Heaven" will not be able to do much, because "Mandate of Heaven" is the will of the people, so if you can't get the hearts of the people, then how can you get the Mandate of Heaven? This is something that any poor student also supports, and absolutely supports. This provided a lot of theoretical basis for the rise of their class.

"But, Shixiao Shulang, I have something to ask you!" Suddenly, someone shouted.

When Shi Bufan heard this, he found that it was a young student who was also seventeen or eighteen years old who spoke, and Shi Bufan took the initiative to say, "Excuse me!" ”

As a lecturer at a university, Shi Bufan is naturally willing to explain problems to others, so when he heard these seventeen or eighteen-year-old students take the initiative to ask questions, he still habitually regarded this place as a classroom back then, so he was willing to answer his own opinions and students' doubts. In particular, the students here are generally about the same age as the students of the year, so naturally the students took the style of the lecturer and took the initiative to explain.

"Shi Xiao Shulang, my name is Xin Maojiang, and I have a matter that I don't know. The study of the mind that Shixiao Shulang said is to conscience, and everyone has their own conscience in their hearts, and this conscience is brought about by human beings. However, I am afraid that many people will not be able to truly act with conscience. I am afraid that there are not many people in the world who can have a conscience, and many people will be deceived by external objects. Although Shi Xiaoshulang said that everyone in the world can become a saint, and the peddlers and pawns are no exception. However, ordinary people will inevitably be deceived by the materialistic desires of the world, as well as by various illusions, and finally embark on the evil path. I think there are quite a few such people, and even most of them are unable to achieve a conscience, and they all end up on the wrong path. I would like to ask Shi Xiaoshulang, how should this be solved? General Xin Mao asked.

And Kong Yingda also hurriedly said: "This is a good statement, even the old man was the same back then." If it weren't for Shi Xiaoyou's awakening, the old man might have been like this in his life. Even the old man was confused by this fame and fortune, so how can we ensure that ordinary peddlers and pawns are not confused by Lilu and finally fall into the way? If that's the case, I'm afraid this is not a good thing! ”

Shi Bufan took the initiative to explain: "Master Kong, what the sage said back then was to govern the world with benevolence and virtue, this is actually a very good way. But benevolence is beautiful, but since the ages, how many people have been able to truly embark on benevolence? The sage said that the original nature of human beings is good, which shows that everyone's conscience is good, not evil. Everyone has their own innocence, but most of them can't be excavated. They are bewitched by the huge materialistic desires, and in the end they pursue the wrong direction. Desperately working for something outside the body, this is probably not what the saint thinks. ”

Kong Yingda replied: "However, Confucianism has always paid attention to education, and it has been emphasized that by educating the people as a matter of abiding by benevolence, but ...... Ay! ”

Kong Yingda also knows that Confucianism pays attention to educating the people, and hopes that by educating the people, the people will move towards benevolence, and everyone who achieves the hope of Confucianism is of noble character. However, the result was unsatisfactory, because many and most of the people did not accept the education, and in the end they still worked hard for the sake of profit, and did all kinds of unkind and unrighteous things.

Therefore, Kong Yingda also had a great headache, and Confucians in the past dynasties did not know how to solve it, how to let the people accept education, so that the people could become ten saints.

"Let all the people do this? That's in the practice of 'altogether. In ancient times, there could have been no such world. In a situation of insufficient productivity, it is impossible to expect everyone to be moral and not motivated by profit. Don't say you can't do it now, not even now, not even in another 5,000 years. Shi Bufan thought.

It is nonsense to want to guarantee so-called benevolence without sufficient material conditions. Cang Liao knows etiquette enough, this is not a casual nonsense, it is definitely a famous saying that only has profound experience in governance, but few people in ancient Confucianism really realized it. If we really want to solve the problem of crime, in the final analysis, it is necessary to develop the productive forces, so that the people can have sufficient material conditions to ensure that there is no turmoil, and this is the most basic thing. However, at present, Kong Yingda is so utopian, of course, it is not good for Shi Bufan to tell them any theory of economic development, and there is no way to talk to Kong Yingda about these things.

"Master Kong, I think it is impossible for the people to truly understand etiquette and benevolence in a short period of time. This is what generations of saints and disciples have been seeking, but it is definitely not something that can be achieved in a short period of time. Instead of expecting the people to understand etiquette, we should try to establish a bottom line. That is, to tell the people what can be done and what is the bottom line of benevolence, which is absolutely not to be done. Once you do it, you have to accept the punishment, so that the bottom line is really solidified. ”

"Only by stabilizing the moral bottom line of all the people in the world can we truly and gradually improve education. If there is no bottom line, and the people don't know what the bottom line of benevolence and virtue is, then in the end, there must be no bottom line in doing things, so it will naturally be ruined. I think that the great omission of the saints in those days was to emphasize the 'rites', but they were not able to really punish them, and they were not able to punish those who seriously violated the 'rites'. Anyone in the world has violated the 'etiquette', but they have not been able to truly receive punishment. If you can't receive punishment in this way, it will naturally make more people yearn for disobedience to gain benefits. In the end, everyone saw the benefits of not following Lilly, so didn't that make everyone follow suit? Even if there were a small number of people who could understand at that time, and those who could try to restore the 'rites', it would be in vain. ”

"Therefore, I suggest that although we have the idea of creating a prosperous world of benevolence, we can try to start from the bottom in terms of the means of acting. If we violate the lower limit of benevolence excessively, then we must be punished, so that the people can understand what the lower limit of benevolence is, and if they violate the lower limit of benevolence, they will be punished. When the people understand this lower limit of benevolence, we can raise the lower limit of benevolence again, and finally we can truly make the people accustomed to benevolence and truly move towards the world of benevolence pursued by the saints! ”

Many people present also began to discuss this statement. Because in the past, the so-called education was actually to promote the moral character of the saints, how high the saints' moral qualities were, how they did not seek personal gain, and how they did things for the people. And then no matter how you brag about it, many saints are perfect, and they all have no shortcomings. They want to make the people really learn through this bragging, so that everyone in the world will learn. However, this method has had little effect, because it is obviously the opposite of the idea of a saint to be carried out in the absence of material civilization. In this way, they must have a problem, but the ancient Confucian scholars failed to find the right direction. They believe that it is necessary to use benevolence and virtue to influence the people, so as to achieve the purpose of education.

However, Shi Bufan started to prepare from another way, but started from the bottom. Start from the bottom line of morality and benevolence, set a moral bottom line, so that everyone can abide by this moral bottom line, and once someone violates the bottom line of morality, they will be punished. Shi Bufan knew that if he just advocated without punishment, the inferior root of human beings who were indulged in indulgence and disgust would definitely burst out. Therefore, only by setting a bottom line in this way, and then making it impossible for everyone to violate the bottom line, can the most basic fairness and justice of society be guaranteed. If only morality has no bottom line, and only advocates but no bottom line, then it will definitely face powerlessness in the end.

Even if a person violates the moral bottom line and is not punished and gains benefits, then naturally more people will choose to violate this moral bottom line to gain benefits. This is a great injustice to those who abide by morality. And for those who would have been willing to follow morality, but found that those who did not follow morality have benefited from it, can they still remember morality?

"But, isn't this the study of the Legalists?" Kong Yingda asked suspiciously.

Shi Bufan nodded and said, "Master Kong, I don't deny that I have accepted some Legalists' criminal name learning. Legalists advocate that everything is arbitrary in accordance with the law, that all those who violate the law must be punished, and that they even use harsh laws to restrain the people at every turn, and that even minor crimes are severely sentenced, so as to achieve the practice of stopping punishment with punishment. ”

"If it is said that the harsh punishment laws of the pre-Qin have been criticized from ancient times to the present, Confucianism and Legalism seem to be a pair of inherently incompatible enemies. However, I think that Confucianism advocates benevolence and virtue, while Legalism advocates harsh punishment and harsh law, which is actually an extreme for both sides. It is true that there are contradictions between Confucianism and Legalism, but we must also recognize clearly what is the main contradiction and what is the secondary contradiction. ”

"In ancient times, in the pre-Qin period, any school of thought had its own ideas and opinions, not Confucianism. However, in ancient times, when various countries fought wars, there were actually various doctrines behind the events. The state of Qin implemented the policy of legalism, which led to the practice of the king of Qin sweeping Liuhe later. But if, I dare to believe that if the King of Qin implements the Confucian policy, can he influence the Six Kingdoms by virtue alone? This obviously doesn't work, so in the end, we still have to rely on force to unify the world. ”

But on the one hand, if in the troubled times, it is too extravagant to expect all the people to follow the Confucian way? As I said, the greatest purpose of human beings is survival, and survival is what everyone's heart requires, almost the greatest requirement. If morality is promoted in that troubled era, it may not be able to sweep Liuhe at all in the end. Therefore, the implementation of the Legalist policy in the pre-Qin period was also adapted to local conditions. ”

However, after the king of Qin swept Liuhe, he insisted on the harsh law, so that the people were deeply oppressed, and finally Han Gaozu beheaded the white snake and raised troops, and finally overthrew the tyrannical Qin, and then there was a later Han. Therefore, the study of Legalism is not completely useless, at least it is of great help to dominate the world. However, they insisted on using Legalism to rule the world, but in the end the people could not accept it, which is also a contradiction. ”

"During the Han Dynasty, Confucianism was respected, and later there was the theory of strong men, which was also the result of Confucianism with the help of Confucianism. Different doctrines have had different achievements at different times, and in the end they all make one stronger. In troubled times, what is needed is order, and order cannot be maintained by benevolence alone, but must rely on law. But when the world was peaceful, what was needed was benevolence, so Tyranny didn't see this, so he naturally chose the wrong path. ”

However, benevolence alone cannot truly make the people understand long-term peace and stability, and cannot maintain sufficient order. Therefore, I think it is better to take Confucianism as the mainstay, supplemented by the methods of Legalism, and set up a Confucian law to limit the lower limit of morality of all the people in the world, and then let the people understand what can be done and what cannot be done, which is fundamental. ”

"Therefore, this is also my suggestion, to set up a 'Confucian law', so that is the way to long-term peace and stability!"