"Today, in Minglitang, I won't talk about science today, but I'll talk about some of my recent insights. Pen? Interesting? Pavilion wWw. ｂiquge。 info," Shi Bufan said in the classroom of Mingli Hall.

Shi Bufan saw that there were more and more students in this Mingli Hall, and there were no less than eight hundred people at present, and the number of such people was still increasing. As the people of Chang'an Gyeonggi became more and more affluent, they had a lot of spare money. and the extraordinary can be guided, and ordinary people have also begun to have the idea of letting their children study. At present, Minglitang has also started to recruit students from the outside world, but these are tuition fees. Those who do not charge tuition, only the potential children taken in by Minglitang itself.

Only children with potential will be taken in and educated by Minglitang, which is also a last resort, after all, educational resources are relatively scarce, and those with potential can only be given priority. Because people with potential can follow the times to change the world and benefit more people in the future. This world will inevitably have to make trade-offs, choose those who have hope, and give up those who have no hope, not to mention these low-level people, and even many high-level magnates are also like this, focusing on supporting those hopeful family members, giving up those hopeless members, it is impossible for everyone to be completely equal.

Shi Bufan almost irregularly came to give public classes to these Mingli students, expressing his sense of existence to them, and letting them know that Shi Bufan was their teacher. This is like many school leaders who don't personally educate students on weekdays, but when they are busy at important events, especially at the beginning of the school year, they have to come because they have to express their presence. In particular, these children are their own foundation and cannot be taken lightly.

"What do you study for?" Shi Bufan asked.

As a result, many people said: "Be an official!" ”

Shi Bufan's idea of this is actually not strange, it is really normal. Didn't the ancient people study just to become officials? In ancient times, there were relatively few channels to change one's fate, that is, to become an official. As for what is said to be like a great man of later generations who studied for the rise of China, this is probably almost non-existent in ancient times!

Studying for the sake of being an official is normal, and Shi Bufan feels too normal, too in line with the situation in ancient times. The ancients cannot be blamed for this, because ancient times were such a channel to change fate. In the case of insufficient productivity, business cannot prosper, cannot provide much market consumption demand, and cannot even provide too many jobs and development channels. Even the people could not get rid of farming. The only way to get out of farming is to become an official and become a manager of agriculture. In an agrarian society, officials are a kind of "agricultural managers", which is such a channel of progress.

"Very good, you all said that you want to be an official, so I want to ask you what is an 'official'?" Shi Bufan asked.

Princess Runan first said: "The mountain chief, the official, is the prince!" The government is also the government, and the official is the leader of the public, and the chief of the public. ”

"Very well, the princess's words illustrate the origin of the official. Guanguan originated in ancient times, even during the period of the Three Emperors and Five Emperors. The meaning of the official standard, and from this, there are also the meaning of the five emperors and the three royal worlds. Originally, the official meant to refer to the public, and it was a person who led the public. ”

"However, the meaning of ancient and modern is different, it was the meaning of the public back then, and now it has become the meaning of the government and the people who rule the court. However, the official is the chief of the public, and this is also good. When you become an official, it means that you have become a public leader and a master. ”

"But do you know the duty of the rulers? Why does the public want you to be an official, and how will you be an official? If you become an official but are unwilling to pay, or if you do not do what you are supposed to do, then you will also be removed from your official position. I'm going to tell you today, you should be an official! ”

Hearing this how to be an official, they immediately thought that Shi Bufan wanted to teach them the way to be an official. They immediately raised their ears and listened carefully, because he Kean wanted to be an official, and even Shi Bufan himself was a fifth-grade official, and he was definitely a high-ranking official in Datang. There is such a high-ranking official who so openly conveys what is the way of being an official, of course they want to hear it! However, something happened to them that disappointed, and Shi Bufan didn't plan to explain to them what the plot was. In fact, conspiracy is only a means, and being an official is not for conspiracy. Maybe many people think that being an official means calculating this and that all day long, and not doing the right thing. In fact, when he was an official, he only had a very small part of the schemes, and he was still dealing with real official business. There has never been a country that has developed because of conspiracy, and it is impossible for an official to deal with conspiracy all the time, but only to use some conspiracy at important times, and more often to deal with official affairs concretely.

In fact, there is no point in teaching conspiracy. If you don't have the ability yourself, even if you rely on power to get to the top, then you can't sit still. Don't think that you can have enough influence if you sit in an official position, if you don't have real skills, then others will still empty you. If you can't convince others, then you will also be used by the people below to use their power to get down.

Ability is the foundation, power is only a means, and there is no such thing as a means for the sake of means in this world. All means have a purpose, and the key is to see the end clearly and not be confused by the means.

"First of all, since the official is the head of the public, he must assume the responsibility of leading the public. How to be an official has been said by many people since ancient times. What do you say are the responsibilities of my Datang officials? Shi Bufan asked.

Li Yifu took the initiative to answer: "Persuade the peasants, educate the people, sort out the prison, and keep the party safe!" ”

This Li Yifu's father is a county official and a county official, so he naturally understands these things.

"So what are you going to do? How do you do these duties? Shi Bufan then asked.

Li Yifu didn't seem to understand it, and then said: "Persuade the farmer to plough it himself." ”

Shi Bufan replied disdainfully: "You are putting on a show!" ”

Princess Runan's face turned dark, because the emperor of the Tang Dynasty had a pro-ploughing ceremony every year. Many ancient emperors would plough at the beginning of spring every year, and the queen was also personally responsible for the affairs of silkworms. Of course, this is nominally to drive the people to farm and promote the enthusiasm of the people to farm.

But Shi Bufan also criticized this with a sentence of "work and rest". Don't look at the emperor's so-called pro-ploughing ceremony, which looks grand, but in fact, it doesn't make sense. Because with the cultural level of the ancient people, the cognitive ability of the ancient people, and the ability to disseminate information, they did not know that the emperor was "personally cultivating". The people who participated in the emperor's pro-ploughing ceremony were also court officials and nobles and some officials' wives, what is this kind of thing not a show?

I'm afraid that more than 90% of the people at the bottom of the world don't know about the emperor's personal farming, so what's the use of the emperor's personal farming? Isn't it just for show! Who is the show for? It's not for the people to see, it's for history to see, and it's for future generations. Shi Bufan gave many ancient emperors "black" here, because this kind of pro-farming is a show activity, and the roots of the ancient people will not know, but it is useless.

On the contrary, in later generations, how many officials will go to play what pro-farming? In later generations, not to mention the Chinese head of state, even a township cadre, few of them will go to farming.

However, instead of cultivating the crops themselves, the general trend of grain production is increasing. In ancient times, all layers of officials played "pro-farming", but in the end, the people's lives were still like that, and there was no progress. Even some natural and man-made disasters can not stand the people, but it is conceivable that pro-farming is just a show, it is better for later generations of officials not to pro-plough and show!

"Ancient officials, there were many shows, but few practical things!" Shi Bufan complained in his heart.

These Tang Dynasty officials generally have all kinds of lazy politics, at least compared to later generations of officials, they are simply lazy and lazy. Shi Bufan is very clear about this ancient way of thinking. This ancient way of thinking is a dead end of ruling for the sake of ruling for the sake of rule, and the purpose of their rule is to rule, not to seek the welfare of the people. Those officials who keep saying that they are working for the welfare of the people are actually just for the convenience of ruling and for show.

Under this way of ruling for the sake of dominating, there is bound to be a way of thinking. That is to do more measures, do less and make fewer mistakes, and not do well. This kind of thinking has even spread to later generations, but it is countless times more obvious in ancient times. These ancient officials all advocated a kind of "rule by inaction" thinking. This idea of doing nothing was very prosperous in ancient China, and even in later generations, many people advocated it.

Many people use ancient times as an example, saying that the rule of inaction in ancient times has laid down many prosperous times. However, it is easy to find that in the so-called situation of inaction, it is actually mainly in the early days of the founding of the country. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, light taxes were used to restore production for the people themselves.

This kind of rule of inaction is based on the fact that yeoman farmers occupy the vast majority of the world's population, and the people have enough land, the vast majority of the world's agricultural population occupies the vast majority, and even homesteaders occupy the vast majority, so that yeoman farmers will naturally take the initiative to do things and take the initiative to cultivate for their own interests.

However, the consequences of inaction are also very painful, because the government does nothing to rule, and some people among the people are lucky and gradually accumulate family property. And some people are unlucky, sick or for some other reason, in short, they have to sell their land cheaply in exchange for temporary survival. There are also quite a few politically privileged gentry or some people with various tax-exempt political privileges who have begun to swallow up the land. At this time, the government still adopted the "rule by inaction", ignoring these changes in the economic base.

When the economic base is changed from yeoman farmers to a landlord manor economy with serious land, then the yeoman farmers will be reduced to tenants, and even a small number of oligarchs who are politically and economically integrated. At this time, it is definitely not possible to still adopt the rule of inaction.

As a researcher of economics, Shi Bufan believes that this kind of inaction is actually similar to the thinking of some officials in the market economy. He believes that the government should intervene less in market changes, and believes that it should be completely decided by the market. However, although this Shi Bufan supports the market economy, it is also bad for the invisible hand of the market, which is easily used by some other special means.

When competing between groups, many times special means will be used to carry out malicious dumping against foreign countries or some special competitors, so that after the dumping has brought down the other party, then take the opportunity to acquire the other party, seize the other party's market, and achieve the effect of monopoly.

And the ancient officials were actually obviously laissez-faire in this regard. Allowing those with political privileges to encroach on the land, or excessive "inaction", and excessive "inaction" against some cases that infringe on the people. In addition, the ancient people had a low level of education and did not know how to protect their own interests, so they did not know how to protect their own interests, and the government did not take the initiative to interfere because of this idea of ruling by inaction, so in the end, the land annexation and the people would not be able to make a living.

"The rule of inaction adopted by my Tang officials is actually not completely suitable. Inaction does not mean inaction, when excessive inaction, there will be many people who embezzle the wealth of the people, through the invisible hand of nature and embezzle the people, so that a large number of people have to sell land in order to survive. In the end, it's just a drink to quench your thirst. ”

"The government's inaction does not mean inaction, and what the government should do is to maintain the balance between all walks of life and industry, not only so that all walks of life cannot produce, but it should also let all walks of life not be used by some tyrannical people to take advantage of this inaction and finally swallow all kinds of things, and finally exploit the people. When a small number of people take advantage of this inaction, it will end up harming the people. Officials should recognize this trend and react in a timely manner to avoid using this inaction to do bad things. ”

Li Yifu hurriedly said: "Mountain Chief, is it true that when someone wants to buy a large amount of land, then the government should send someone to stop it, and should send a government official to stop the transaction?" It is even stipulated that if you dare to trade land casually, you will be caught on the spot and go to jail? ”

Shi Bufan shook his head and said, "No, no, you are actually authoritarian." And authoritarianism will not have a real effect, but will turn the world into a mess. At that time, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty ruled through authoritarianism, although he gained a lot of wealth in the early days, and even defeated the Xiongnu. However, because of the reckless use of military force, the household registration in the world was halved in the end. even almost caused a catastrophe, and had to make an edict for himself. But fortunately, Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty woke up in time when he was old, and his later minister, Huo Guang, changed the tyranny of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, so that the Han Dynasty could continue, so as to preserve the reputation of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. “

"So it can be seen that direct violent intervention is not enough, not only will it not change the situation, but it will make it worse."

However, Li Yifu asked rhetorically: "However, if there is no violence, then how can we stop people from continuing to annex the land." ”

"Wait, you also have to pay attention to what is the purpose of the other party's annexation of the land. If the purpose is to annex the land and continue to distribute it to the tenants for planting, and then collect rent from it, so as not to create more benefits, it is a vicious annexation and must be suppressed. The annexation of land for different purposes should not be completely conflated. Shi Bufan said.

"Of course, how to curb it, this is not to be stopped by direct violent means, do you think it should be stopped?" (To be continued.) )