What was the Niu Li party struggle in the Tang Dynasty? Isn't it the imperial examination? During the reign of Xianzong Yuanhe, Niu Shengru and Li Zongmin, during the imperial examination, criticized the government and government, and had a grudge with the then prime minister Li Jifu and Li Deyu and his father. Pen, fun, pavilion www. biquge。 info After that, it can be regarded as a struggle between two generations that lasted for decades.

Of course, the background is not so simple, some people say that it is the decline of the gate valve clan against the emerging landlords of the Shu clan. The Niu Party represents the Jinshi and bureaucrats, while the Li Party is a family of Shandong gatekeepers. Some people say that it is because of the different attitudes towards the feudal towns, and that they advocate toughness or compromise.

This party struggle has been going on for decades, and after Li Jifu's death, Li Deyu was involved. In the end, with the death of the parties one after another, this matter came to an end.

Niu Shengru and Li Zongmin have both passed away. Li Zongmin died a few years early, and Niu Monk and Child was last year. If Li Deyu hadn't intervened, he would probably not have lasted a few years in a miasma like Yazhou.

Wenzong once said that it is easy to go to Hebei and it is difficult to go to the court and friends. However, Li Chen knew that in fact, this party dispute once had a chance to settle down. It's not one or the other. Li Chen remembered that he had read the information back then, and Li Deyu had an opportunity to preside over the imperial examination, which was an opportunity for the party to win the peace. But then this matter became yellow, why it was yellow, Li Chen didn't know, but this did not prevent him from repeating this incident.

'This... Li Deyu hesitated for a moment, and when he saw that no one objected, he agreed. It's not that no one objected, Bai Minzhong seemed to be about to speak, but when he was glared at by Li Chen, he was quiet.

In fact, in Li Chen's opinion, Li Deyu, he is not stingy. It's not that some people who opposed him in later generations said that Li Deyu was narrow-minded or something. In Li Chen's view, the person who is really cautious is the Niu Party.

Li Chen once asked Yang Er about the party struggle back then. Although Wan Qi was exiled overseas, they were still very concerned about local affairs, and they paid attention to the movements of Datang within the scope of their ability.

According to Yang Er, Li Chen said that this incident had indeed happened. In the sixth year of Wenzong Taihe, Li Deyu entered the dynasty as the secretary of the military department, and Du Yi, who was Jingzhaoyin at the time, once suggested to Li Zongmin, 'Li Deyu is very talented, and the articles and verses are all good, if he presides over the imperial examination, he will be overjoyed. ’

As a result, Li Zongmin did not agree. Du Yi also suggested that Li Zongmin should come forward and recommend Li Deyu as the imperial doctor, and the two sides reconciled.

Originally, both sides had negotiated, Li Deyu agreed, and Li Zongmin also thought it was okay. But in the end, he was yellow and was stopped by the people in the Niu Party, and as a result, Li Deyu paid homage to the prime minister the following year, and the Niu Party figures were demoted one after another.

In addition to these deeds, Li Deyu actually did not target the Niu Party too much. For example, during the Wuzong period, Li Deyu worshiped the prime minister, and Yang Sifu and Li Yu were deposed because they were supporters of the other faction, but they were also considered to be members of the Niu Party.

Li Deyu did not take the opportunity to fall into the well, but persuaded Wuzong to take it lightly. Wu Zong was almost going to kill them, but it was Li Deyu's efforts to dissuade them that allowed them to pick up a life. Also, Bai Minzhong, who is also a bull party, was actually promoted by Li Deyu. Everyone knows what happened to the end.

Before that, Li Deyu was demoted to the Wu Xiang case. It was Li Shen who did it in order to curry favor with Li Deyu, and it has nothing to do with Li Deyu, but he has done everything, can Li Deyu still refute him? Moreover, seriously speaking, whether Li Shen did this really for Li Deyu is still doubtful.

said that Wu Xiang's uncle, Wu Wuling, had offended Li Jifu, so after Li Shen found an opportunity, he took the opportunity to kill Wu Xiang and killed Wu Xiang through a small case.

Let's not say that this is not a parent, a nephew. Moreover, a small county lieutenant, it is not easy for Li Deyu to pinch him to death. Wu Xiang is the county lieutenant of Jiangdu County, and Li Deyu also served as the envoy of Huainan Jiedu, if you want to pinch him to death to take revenge, don't do it yourself? Want to wait for Li Shen?

Okay, let's move on to the reform of the imperial examinations. Bai Minzhong was pressed, Li Deyu took the order, and Li Chen continued.

They discussed for a few days about the reform of the imperial examination. In fact, letting Li Deyu preside over the imperial examination is not just to settle the party dispute. During the Wuzong Dynasty, although Li Deyu did not preside over the imperial examination, he also carried out some reforms in the imperial examination, which also made him resentful of the Niu Party.

In fact, Li Deyu himself disdains the imperial examination and thinks that this is a kind of belittlement of him, which is true. Li Deyu is not disdainful of the imperial examination, but disdainful of the chaos of the imperial examination. In the Li Party, there are also several Jinshi backgrounds, and Li Deyu doesn't do anything to others.

The main thing is that the Tang Dynasty won the imperial examination, continuing the former Sui Dynasty. However, it is still in the creation stage. If you really want to be more mature, you have to wait until the Song Dynasty and Dacheng to the Ming Dynasty.

The Tang Imperial Examination, in addition to the selection of literary talents, is more of a wrestling field for the powerful. Chosen to win souls, so that there must be true talents and real learning. But they are all more likely to drill camps. In later generations, how many anti-fraud measures were taken, and in order to avoid recognizing the handwriting, they had to be copied. In this way, there are a lot of drawbacks.

What's more, nothing got the Tang Dynasty. It all depends on whether it will go out of the way and whether it is famous. It is true that many talents have been promoted through the imperial examination. However, more often than not, it is indiscriminate. Even, it is so serious that it is generally indiscriminate, but it is good to make up for it.

What Li Deyu did was to promote the poor, promote those who are really talented and learned, and crack down on behaviors such as sitting on teachers and doing papers. In addition, it is necessary to strictly review the results of the imperial examination.

First in April of the second year of Huichang, Wu Zongxia was not allowed to perform without two examinations. This is to correct that Jinshi is not familiar with the people's feelings, and he has been studying hard for a long time, not asking about world affairs, and suddenly becoming an official, and he can't handle government affairs at all.

Huichang further limited the number of people admitted to the scientific examination in three years, "the number of scholars and the number of scholars in the Ministry of Rites has been from now on, but according to the talent, there is no limit to the number of people, and the number of people is limited to 25 per year", which is the upper limit, and the maximum number is 25. According to the talent, there is no limit to the number of people. In fact, it means that there are not enough twenty-five talented people, and they are not forced to fill up. In the following years, strict re-examinations were also strengthened to eliminate those who did not learn enough.

This is probably the real reason why he has a bad relationship with the Bull Party, and many people in the Bull Party abuse their right to sit as teachers and form parties for personal gain. Li Deyu opposed this practice, and even in order to avoid this from happening, he even stopped Qujiang Banquet.

In fact, from the point of view of this matter, Li Deyu has made a contribution to the country. If he really wants to form a party, there is no need to do this, relying on his right to slaughter the statue, he can completely win over more people, but then the government will be even more corrupt.

'There is a play. Li Deyu spoke first, "Don't be so polite, just say that if there is still all that red tape here, it is better to go to Zichen Palace." Li Chen first explained the rules here, "No personal attacks, say yes with evidence, don't interrupt others, but speakers, please make a long story short." Lee Xiang said it'

The minister thought that the imperial examination should not be carried out without permission, but it could be changed, such as erudition and poetry. Li Deyu finished his words briefly, and after finishing speaking, several other people looked at each other, especially Bai Minzhong, who wanted to scold people. Isn't this a change of soup and not a change of medicine?

Although this was said by Li Deyu, it is equivalent to what Li Chen said, and the ministers know it in their hearts, and they often do it. Although they are prime ministers, many things have to be discussed with Li Chen first, and then when discussing with other prime ministers, they will say it from their mouths, which can be regarded as their suggestions.

The advantage of this is that a few responsible people know what effect the emperor wants, and when they implement it, they can make some changes according to the situation. Li Chen hates that kind of thing, guessing and guessing, the superior pretends to be profound, and the lower person guesses and guesses, and all his thoughts are on figuring out what he wants, so he doesn't want to do anything.

Moreover, if there is a problem with the policy, it is better to refute and amend it, it is better to find the prime minister's scum than to find Li Chende, and the emperor wants to maintain his authority, and if he is always being told, this authority will be weakened. Kindness? You say that the person in charge welcomes him, and the emperor says everything well. That's not bad, it mainly depends on how well you do, just say it's good, and in the end, if things are messed up, I'll clean you up.

'How?' How did Li Xiang say, the imperial examination did not move. Just move those erudite words and books to judge the Diocesan. Li Chen asked a few prime ministers for their opinions.

Again, in the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination had to be re-examined before there was an official work, which was not only done during the Li Deyu period, but also had this practice for a long time.

These subjects, which ones have a shortage of personnel, according to their own needs, hold examinations, the number of places is small, the assessment is strict, because there are not many people who can participate, and the supervision is also strict, so these scientific examinations are all with real talent and learning, and they can become officials immediately.

Li Chen spent a few days with these prime ministers because Li Chen wanted to undergo a major operation in the imperial examination. , and changed the disadvantages of the imperial examination at one time. Whatever vague names, free rolls, and forbidden scrolls must be used. As a result, it was opposed by the ministers, and Li Deyu agreed, but it was opposed by many people, and it caused a stir in the court.

Later, Li Shen learned from the pain, discussed with Li Deyu for a long time, and decided, okay, I won't touch the imperial examination. Directly move those review exams. Anyway, these exams are already strict, and I'm being stricter now, so you should be fine.

'This.... Bai Minzhong didn't know what to say, on the surface, he didn't move the imperial examination, but in fact, they all knew what the emperor was fighting. If you don't move the imperial examination, it doesn't matter, in the future, I won't even hold the imperial examination, and I will completely replace the imperial examination with those separate scientific examinations of each department.

In the future, people can also take these exams. That's good, but I've opened up the doors. Li Chen smiled, Bai Minzhong still wanted to make a final refutation, "Sage, in this way, it may cause a situation where the good and the bad are uneven, it is better to relax the Jinshi Branch, and then be selected by the Jinshi Branch." ’

You don't have to worry about that, Li Xiang, go on. Li Chen motioned to Li Deyu to continue, "In the future, the Hanlin Academy will also be reformed." Li Deyu picked up the cheat sheet, wrong, Wat Ban continued. (To be continued.) )