Since the end of the Russo-Japanese War in mid-June, the negotiations between Japan and Russia have not begun, until the end of June, the two sides only suspended the offensive, and began to gradually withdraw their troops, although the battle has been fought until now, although the Russian army still held the line of defense, but in the later stage of the war, the ruling group of Tsarist Russia headed by Nicholas II believed that although they finally held the line of defense at all costs, However, it has completely lost the hope of winning the war and used the victory of the war to stifle the revolutionary phenomena that are constantly emerging in the country, and as for Japan, in view of the huge consumption of manpower and material resources, it also believes that it is extremely unfavorable for it to continue to fight this war.

What's more, after the Battle of Liaoyang, the Japanese Army was already at the end of its strong crossbow and could no longer fight.

The Japanese army has been unable to advance after advancing to the area of Gongzhuling, and some troops have even begun to disobey orders, the ammunition of the troops is insufficient, and at the same time there are heavy casualties, especially in Japan, there is no standing army, and the conscription orders have been issued several times in one breath, and the Tsarist Russia is not the same, although the troops in the Far East have suffered heavy casualties, but the vitality is still there, and the Tsarist Russia is frantically transporting troops through the Trans-Siberian Railway, in order to improve efficiency, all vehicles even go only one way, and after arrival, the carriages will be burned to avoid blockage.

Therefore, if this war drags on for a while, the balance of power between the two sides on land in the Far East will be reversed, and the Japanese Army will be completely finished, so the continuation of this Russo-Japanese War will not only make no sense for the two countries, but will also be extremely dangerous for the imperialist powers.

And for Russia, for every month the war dragged on, the tsarism fell further into the desperate situation of total bankruptcy, which Nicholas II himself knew very well.

Especially after January 19, 1905, Tsar Nicholas II did not dare to show his face in Moscow again, especially when Nicholas II held a feast parade on the Neva River in front of the Winter Palace, the Peter and Paul fortress on the opposite bank did not fire a salute, but let a real grenade fly past the Tsar, which greatly disgraced Nicholas II, and with the current state of Russia, if it continues to fight, it will undoubtedly break out a domestic revolution and pose a direct threat to the European powers.

As for Japan, it had so far achieved its goal of monopolizing Korea and expelling Russian forces from South Manchuria, so in addition to the heavy casualties, Japan also intended to end this costly war, and for this war the Japanese "had exhausted their human resources for the defense of the Japanese archipelago", and the army in the Far East alone was already all the military that could be mobilized in the country at that time, and in the later stages of the war, many village chiefs in rural Japan reported to the government that all young people had been conscripted into the armyMost of the rice fields in the village have been deserted, and there is a risk of famine the following year.

As for the morale of the Japanese army on the front line of the Mukden battlefield, it was also much lower than before, and later there was even a regiment of Japanese troops who refused the attack order from above, and the base camp had to withdraw them for road construction, and another infantry regiment with good military discipline broke out on its own after a slight counterattack by the Russian army in the direction of Gongzhuling, and not only that, this army also discarded the guns and all the equipment it carried, Having reached this point, Gentaro Kodama and Gentaro, chief of staff of the Manchurian Army, and Gonbei Yamamoto, Minister of the Navy, both strongly advocated the immediate conclusion of a peace treaty.

For the other powers, the choice to declare an armistice was necessary at this time, and Germany gained everything it could only dream of from this war: Russia was greatly weakened, could henceforth become the Kaiser's obedient follower, and during the war the two sides concluded a Russian-German treaty and an alliance that were particularly beneficial to Germany, and if all went well, a trilateral alliance of Russian, French and German against Great Britain.

As for France, not to mention, the first Moroccan crisis in the summer of 1905 was in danger of leading to a war between France and Germany, and if the situation really came to this point, whether the Russian forces could "return" from the Far East to contain Germany was undoubtedly a matter of life and death for France.

As far as Britain was concerned, as soon as the Russo-Japanese War ended, he would urge Japan and Russia to join the Anglo-French-Russian-Japanese Four-Power Entente, forming an encirclement of Germany, and this "great idea" of London could not be talked about at all while Japan and Russia were still at war.

Under such circumstances, US Ambassador to Russia Meyer and Minister Griscomb respectively submitted notes to the foreign ministries of the two countries on June 8 urging them to make peace, and then Roosevelt began to intervene in the Russo-Japanese War and mediate.

In the end, in order to strive for a diplomatic atmosphere favorable to itself during the peace talks, Russia initially chose the location of the negotiations in Paris, the capital of the allies, and Japan chose Yantai, which was closer to them, but they both forgot that the location of the peace talks should be decided by Roosevelt, who led the mediation work, so in the end, the two sides chose to hold peace talks at the Portsmouth Military Port in New Hampshire, the United States, at Roosevelt's suggestion.

At first, the Japanese government was ready to send Ito Hirobumi as a representative, but Ito Hirobumi had long expected that this time the negotiations would not be as easy and smooth as the Qing Dynasty at Maguan 10 years ago, so Ito Hirobumi resigned on the grounds that he was "unable to make a sailing trip due to illness." In desperation, the Japanese delegation had no choice but to be led by Foreign Minister Komura Shotaro and Minister to the United States Takahira.

As for the Russian side, the ambassador to France was chosen at first, Nelidov, and later the ambassador to Italy, Muravyov, but neither of these two men, who claimed to be sick in the first place and the other who was in the back, was unwilling to take the risk of negotiating peace, and in the end, the former chancellor of the exchequer, Witte, agreed that he himself would clean up the mess.

Finally, after three months of negotiations, Japan and Russia finally reached an agreement, and reached an agreement on the cession of interests, although there were twists and turns, although the Tsarist Russia ceded some interests, but the economic benefits generated by these interests took Japan several years to be transformed into national strength, and originally Japan wanted Russia to have war reparations in order to make immediate profits, but on the issue of reparations, the tsar personally made instructions and never paid reparations, so in desperation, Japan had no choice but to accept Russia's proposal, No further claims for compensation were made, and the parties then began to draw up the text of the peace treaty.

In the treaty, Russia recognized Japan's right to Korea's "political, military, and economic interests, such as guidance, protection, and supervision." Russia "must not hinder interference" in any measures that Japan deems necessary.

The Russian government transferred to Japan the branch line of the China Eastern Railway from Changchun to Lushun and all its rights and property, including coal mines. Japan and Russia may station 15 road guards per kilometer along the railway line that they occupy.

Russia announced the abolition of all rights and interests in the Northeast that are contrary to the doctrine of equal opportunity.

However, the two sides have not reached an agreement on the disposal of Lushun, this Lushun is a good port, and no one wants to give it up, and in the end, this Lushun has become a port jointly managed by the powers.

During this meeting, the word "China" began to become the common name of the great powers for this ancient civilization.

After the signing of the Portsmouth Peace Treaty, the contents of the agreement reached Japan as soon as possible, and then the disappointed Japanese people gathered in Tokyo's Hibiya Park to hold a national assembly to oppose the Portsmouth Peace Treaty.

In addition, the participants clashed with the police, and the public violently attacked the Prime Minister's official residence near the park, and there were burns and beatings, and the riots lasted for three days, and were finally suppressed by government forces, but the riots quickly spread from Tokyo to all parts of Japan, and the whole country was shocked.

The most important thing is that through this incident, it is not difficult to see that with regard to the aggressive policy of the Japanese Government, the Japanese people are only concerned about plundering the wealth of other countries and completely ignoring the harm done to other countries.

This kind of selfish, narrow-minded, and right-guilty nationalism naturally condones those in power to reach out to other countries with even more brazenness.