Silence is not anti-Wang Xue, on the contrary, he knows very well that "Yangming Xinxue is the best weapon to break the imprisonment of Cheng Zhu Lixue on people's thoughts", and it is the best booster for ideological change and social innovation in this era.

This kind of confidence does not come from subjective assumptions, but he knows that every time the society in later generations changes grass, there will inevitably be an upsurge of Yangming Xinxue, China's Shuxu Reform, the May Fourth Movement, and even Japan's Meiji Restoration, all of which are the source of strength for the Caoxin school to compete with traditional government and science, which is not accidental, but because Yangming Xinxue has the practical significance of opposing imprisonment, emancipating the mind, and pursuing oneself.

Before the rise of psychology, the social thought of the dynasty was dominated by Cheng Zhu Lixue. The core idea of Cheng Zhu Lixue is to rationalize the Gang Chang Tian, and regard the "Three Principles and Five Constants" as the ontology of the world, and ask people to use this as the standard for judging right and wrong, and the criterion for their own actions. "For more than 100 years, the social hierarchy was strict and extremely dull, and people were subjected to heavy spiritual oppression, resulting in ideological rigidity, academic emptiness, and moral hypocrisy" and even the imprisonment of the entire society.

Although Wang Yangming's original intention of "To Conscience, Doctrine" is the same as Cheng Zhu's theory, which is to regulate people's thoughts and behaviors with ethics and morality, what he advocates is that conscience comes from the inner moral consciousness of the subject, thus denying the use of external norms...... That is, the three outlines and five constants...... This kind of doctrine that emphasizes self-"self-consciousness and advocates using one's own heart to recognize external things is undoubtedly the sworn enemy of Cheng Zhu's scholarship of "destroying human desires and following heavenly principles, and in terms of emancipating the mind and publicizing the role of human nature, it is even more thorough and resolute than the Renaissance that occurred earlier in the West, and it has carried forward the humanistic spirit more thoroughly and resolutely.

How important does this play for social progress? First of all, the science of mind emphasizes self-knowledge and attaches importance to the value of people", which is to advocate people-oriented and oppose the suppression of human nature by feudal etiquette; The second is to promote people's rationality and oppose the depreciation of individual rationality by feudal etiquette. Before Yang Ming Xinxue, both Huang Lao and Confucius and Mencius advocated that those who were good in ancient times were not foolish to the people. "It is the rule of the saints." It often makes the people ignorant and desireless, so that the wise do not dare to do it. ,、,The people can be made by it, but not the people can be known" has consistently advocated foolish people, but Yangming Xinxue advocates that "conscience is inseparable from holy foolishness" and "conscience and conscience" and "foolish men and foolish women are the same as saints", and everyone is equal in moral personality, and there is no distinction between high and low.

Third, while pursuing spiritual sublimation, it also affirms the pursuit of material. In view of the phenomenon of many scholars doing business at that time, physicists naturally condemned it, but Wang Yangming pointed out that if business can be done with self-cultivation and conscience, "then there is no essential difference between it and Confucianism." Undoubtedly, this kind of thinking provides a legitimate ethical basis for people to engage in business that is despised by tradition." The Taizhou School founded by his disciple Wang Gen "advocated that the people should use the Tao every day, which provided a sufficient theoretical guarantee for the legitimacy of the businessman's life and business, so that business is no longer the last industry and the cheap industry, but the Tao is above board, and the social status of the merchant is therefore fully affirmed by Confucian ethics."

Therefore, no matter from the perspective of emancipating the mind or encouraging industry and commerce, Yangming Xinxue, especially the Taizhou School that advocates that "the people's daily use is the Tao, is very valuable". Holding high the banner of Yangming Psychology is a policy that Shen Mo set a long time ago, so he will cultivate the Yangming Ancestral Hall, "and will tirelessly study the writings of various schools of Xinxue."

one, one

But why did there be so much progress in the study of mind but did not save the Ming Dynasty from destruction? Because of the development of the study of mind, later scholars blindly denied Cheng Zhu Lixue, and then together with Confucius and Mencius Confucianism, they also abandoned the fine tradition of "abandoning the fine tradition advocated by Confucianism itself, applying it to the world, and rigorously administering it". All the schools of thought other than the study of the mind have also suffered bad luck, everyone goes to talk about it, no one is willing to bury their heads in research, and almost all fields are like deserts. It is like boiling and crazy. The establishment of the academy gathers disciples" and the official learning is wasted: writing quotations to confuse the public, and not talking about history. Bachelor's thin career and Fu Xi "The gentleman abandons the official and serves the Buddha." Later, in the Wanli period, there was a rare phenomenon of serious shortage of government posts, which "seriously affected the normal operation of the state apparatus", and it is no wonder that Zhang Juzheng later banned the destruction of the Tianxia Academy.

Even social morality has been reduced to the fact that "everyone is self-serving" under the banner of "being self-valuable", and is actually selfish, only knowing their own pleasures, without patriotism, and without the spirit of sacrifice, which makes the great country "die at the hands of thieves and slaves...... It is a bit of an exaggeration to say that Da Ming died in Xinxue, because after all, it was caused by many reasons, but Wang Yang is clearly to blame, his, Xinxue, the core is conscience" as an ontology manifested as innate knowledge. He said: "The heart knows everything, and the water is all the same. In other words, "the human heart knows everything", just like water flowing to a lower place, is the inevitable premise of the non-need proof in Wang Xue's theory, and it is not formed by the synthesis of acquired experience.

The logical legitimacy of this definition and inference is quite questionable, but in Yangming Xinxue, "it is used to explain the logical relationship between the mind and knowledge, since the human mind is omniscient", since "there is nothing outside the mind,、, there is no reason outside the mind...... Of course, there is no need to understand and reform the outside world, as long as you have the original mind, you only need to sit and talk all day long, arguing about "cultivating the mind, you can exhaustively study the origin of the world, and then become a sage...... How close this is to Zen Buddhism. Lenin once brilliantly pointed out that "philosophical idealism leads to monasticism through the infinitely complex and dialectical understanding of man." , and Yang Ming Xinxue" is the pinnacle of human idealistic philosophy.

In fact, even Wang Yangming himself has fallen into the mud pit of Zen Buddhism because of his one-sided and infinitely exaggerated role of the mind. If, in the process of the formation of the study of mind, he has not completely abandoned the "deeds and thoughts", then in his later years, he has clearly revealed a nihilistic tendency...... Even the founding master is like this, how can his followers not fall?

In order to get rid of this kind of fate, "jumping out of the trap of nihilism, the only way to deny this transcendental theory that the human heart knows everything, so Shen Mo cleverly put forward the idea that the mind has no ontology", and intends to use this proposition to explain that "the human heart does not have any morality and knowledge" If you want to acquire knowledge and improve morality, you must give full play to the cognitive role of the heart, and understand it through different ways, "grasp the truth through the combination of practice and thinking." It is further proposed that Kung Fu as the ontology "defines morality and knowledge as the result of acquired learning and practice, and denies that someone can be born to know it."

This is a revision of Wang Xue's nihilism, eliminating the negative influence of his idealistic empty talk, and turning it into "the study of the world through the prosperity of the state, the difficulty of the Kangji, and the study of the world, and then put forward that the way of learning is important in practice." The learning of the sages is being practiced. It is also necessary to be in the rivers and mountains to "eat and drink, and the system is along the Xin, all of which are extremely interested in research" In fact, it is the same as that of the Yongjia school, but it is fundamentally different, because he has not turned his back on the heart of the school......

Silence does not deny the status and value of the mind as the existence of the ontology, but requires scholars not to regard the "mind as an absolute existence separated from all things, but to see the heart as the ontology of all things" as the essence of the mind. In this way, the focus of the study of the mind has shifted from "to conscience" to "using kung fu, so if you want to comprehend the essence of one mind, you must use kung fu to eliminate poverty, ten thousand differences, and the heart" only with kung fu and reality can we achieve the grasp of the ontology of the mind. Under the premise of the unity of kung fu and ontology, the emphasis on kung fu without abandoning the ontology has realized the unity of internal self-examination and external practice, and has satisfactorily solved the dialectical relationship between kung fu and ontology.

In this way, the new doctrine of silence "inherits the advantages and strengths of the study of mind" while discarding its shortcomings and shortcomings, and remains in the realm of the study of mind. It is only in silence that "the mind's cognition of morality and knowledge is no longer an innate premise, but the result of acquired learning and practice, so that in addition to eliminating nihilism and criticizing detachment from reality, it can also absorb the excellent ideas of other schools and vigorously advocate science in the future, creating sufficient reasons."

One, one, one

Shen Mo's lecture in Lingji Palace meant that Wang Xue had a new lineage, and Shen Mo called it "Solid Learning." This doctrine embodies a strong Shen style, that is, the eight-sided exquisiteness is "suitable for all ages, and no one is offended in all aspects, and they all feel very good."

For the Northern Sect of Xinxue, they themselves are based on the Taizhou School, and the Taishan School is the Kung Fu School in the mouth of Shen Mo, the Kung Fu School", although the solid heart of Shen Mo said at the same time, the ontology, and the "Kung Fu School, is not, but it sounds more inclined to the "Kung Fu School" and many of his statements are derived from the Taishan School, which is naturally regarded as the same kind. Moreover, what he pointed out is precisely the reason why the Taishan School has never been able to become the mainstream, if they only work hard and do not pay attention to the cultivation of the heart, they will inevitably act out of common morality and be regarded as heretical. Therefore, several elders of the Taishan School in the reed shed were conquered by silence on the spot, and the whole lecture was fascinated, and they frequently applauded, "In the end, he has already regarded him as a grandmaster who inherits the past and opens a new generation."

As for the ontology sect, the elders of the Southern Sect of Xinxue, silent, the heart has no ontology, although it is not so pleasant, but silence is their hope, they would rather think that this is Shen Mo deliberately deceiving the trust of the Northern Sect, and they will never dismantle his platform. Moreover, even if the silence still insists on the same in the future, they don't have to worry, they can still use the platform set up by the silence to preach their own set of ...... Just like Xu Jie, in fact, the Ontology School "but still cooperated with the Taizhou School, each taking what he wanted, and there was no conflict." After all, everyone is the same Wang Xuemen, but they have different views on some issues, and the general direction is the same.

As for the traditional Cheng Zhu physicist, "because of the silent doctrine, with a strong color of mental correction, there is a color of advocacy to science, learning from things, and returning, so it is much more pleasing to the eye to look at him than to look at the rest of Wang Xuemen."

There is another school, that is, the practical school, the school, this school is talking about the use of the world to "establish" the merits, the learning, traced back to the Southern Song Dynasty Yongjia school, at that time can be said with science, psychology and "although in recent years, it has gradually declined, but many members of the court and the central government, are its firm believers, the representative figures are Gao Gong, Guo Pu, Zhu Heng and others, and even Zhang Juzheng is also among them." Undoubtedly, there is a lot in common between practical learning and solid learning, especially in terms of practical application, the two sides can be said to be like-minded, and of course they will appreciate each other.

As a result, after a speech, it was very popular. Shen Mo originally only wanted to speak once, but at the strong request of the audience and the elders of the Taizhou School, he kept adding more performances. From the sixth to the fifteenth day of the first month, there were nine lectures in succession, and at first the audience was only more than 1,000 people, but from the third session, it reached more than 5,000 people, and it was completely full, and every subsequent session was like this.

But Shen Mo was very sober, and he knew that his lectures were very popular, firstly, because of the novelty of the content; The second is that his lectures are vivid and funny" and, the six champions, the blessing of the halo, and the third is the identity of the Dongge University Scholar, which has attracted many people to cheer, so it is not happy that the field is full, if it can't really be recognized by people, it will be like a trend, rise quickly, and eliminate faster.

We must take advantage of the freshness of the time to let more people accept our own doctrine, so that our doctrine will be more deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, and for this goal, "Shen Mo will go all out and do his best every time he lectures", and finally it will become a sensation and "widely praised by the audience", "and even many people live directly in the temple, just to have a seat, to listen to his next lecture."

The price is that "after the last speech on the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, I coughed up blood after being silent, and then lost my voice......"

一凵一"一"一一"

Chessboard alley, study in front of Shen Mansion.

"In the future, you have to talk less, and if you have to speak, you have to be quiet. Never eat spicy, sour, cold things, let alone alcohol! "Imperial Doctor Jin hurriedly came, and after reading it," he prescribed the medicine and advised: "Don't go to crowded places" Don't inhale too much ash, otherwise you won't be able to recover your throat for the rest of your life. ”

&nbā" heart said: , it's really bitter......, "the adult is really desperate", Wang Yin couldn't help but sigh: "If I had been replaced, I guess I wouldn't have been able to wait now, and I would have been tired and lying down a long time ago."

Ignore him silently and continue to bow his head and drink the medicine.

"But the hard work is not in vain", Yu Yin hurriedly comforted and said silently: "The response to your lectures is very enthusiastic, especially the younger scholars, they will definitely be more interested in solid learning, and the follow-up newspapers and academies in the south will follow up for a long time, I believe that your doctrine will definitely be able to stand on its feet, and then carry it forward." ”

"Huh...... "Shen Mo finally drank the damn medicinal soup" while picking up the water cup and rinsing his mouth, while picking up a pen and writing down a line of words: , Zhao Zhenji is back,. In fact, he knew about it a few days ago, but in the past few days, he has devoted himself to lecturing, so he didn't mention it.

"Oh......" Wang Yin couldn't help but snort softly: "So fast......" paused and asked, "Who else?" ”

, just him. , wrote silently.

"Speaking of the old minister, he has to arrive in Beijing in March or April at the earliest", Wang Yin frowned and said: "Why is this Zhao Zhenji in such a hurry?" ”

"Because he called Zhao Zhen anxious ......", Shen Mingchen came in from outside, and only heard Wang Yin's words, so he replied casually.

"While resting...... Wang Yin scolded with a smile: "What about the business?" ”

"What's going on?" Shen Mingchen smiled and asked, "Let's hear it?" ”

Yu Yin said simply, and Shen Mingchen's face suddenly changed and said, "This must be Old Xu's idea!" ”

"Why?" All three of them looked at him.

"Zhao Zhenji", in terms of figuring out people's hearts, Shen Mingchen is not ordinarily strong, and said confidently: "He is very selfish, this kind of person is very face-saving, and he is most afraid of being talked about, just for the sake of lecturing in Lingji Palace" It is impossible for him to enter Beijing so early...... "The other ministers of recovery are all at home for the New Year, and he can't wait to come back first, what does this make people think of him?"

"So Xu Jie asked him to come quickly." Wang Yin asked softly, "What's so urgent?" ”

"What did Zhao Zhenji do originally?" Shen Mingchen asked.

"The Book of Rites, ......", Wang Yin's face suddenly changed and said: "Now the Book of the Ministry of Rites is concurrently served by adults" As soon as Zhao Zhenji came back, it was reasonable for him to take over! ”

"Damn, it seems to have made up my mind" Don't let the adults get involved in this big competition. Shen Mingchen patted the case and said: "The adult was busy for a winter, but let him pick peaches!" "In February, Dabi's related work will officially begin, and once it starts, there will generally be no change in the person in charge, unless something big mistake is made. And when it comes to the spring of next year, it is not surprising that the Ministry of Rites Shangshu will serve as the chief examiner of the examination. Summoned Zhao Zhenji back in the first month, probably so that the silence could not be dyed next year's Dabi.

"Old Xu is so calculating, everyone is really on his chessboard." Shen Mingchen said hatefully.

"That's the teacher!" Wang Yin also said angrily: "It's worse than the stepmother!" ”

"Damn it!" Yu Yin snorted.

Seeing that the strategists were angry, they silently picked up the pen and wrote down a line of words: Don't worry, whoever should be is who's." , everyone thought that he was resigned to his fate, but in fact, he just wanted the opposite