99 Colonies in the Americas

Marshal Zhang Cheng, commander-in-chief of the Xijing Military Region, strode to a tank under the guidance of a searchlight and shouted with a loudspeaker: "Soldiers, in order to strive for a greater living space, our Chinese Emperor ** team has decided to expand the living space on the American continent, this is for the country, for yourself and your fathers and fellow villagers, for the motherland to become stronger, we must fight and seize the colonial rights of the American continent, Among you are the sons of soldiers, there are sons of peasants, there are sons of workers, and among you are East Asians, and there are Central Asians, and there are Southeast Asians, and there are South Asians, and there are Middle Easterners, and there are Europeans and Africans. But you are all members of the Chinese Empire, you have made great contributions to the strength and prosperity of the motherland, the motherland and the people will not forget you, today I am under the order of His Majesty the Emperor of the Celestial Dynasty of the Imperial Empire to hold this oath-taking meeting here, the purpose of which is to let everyone understand what we do, why we are soldiers, and what we are fighting for. We have the most advanced weapons and equipment in the world, the largest territory in the world, and the largest population and economic reality in the world. Our territory now stretches from the island of Japan in the east, west of the Danube River in Europe, south to New Zealand, and north to the ocean. We have a population of more than a billion people. Our warriors are more than millions, and the living space we need is even greater, and there are countless gold and beauties on the American continent. Ivory, flora and fauna, where there are infinite resources, unlimited land and living space. The Emperor of the Celestial Empire has ordered us to conquer this territory that should have been part of our Chinese Empire ten years ago, and now. The army departed. In the heavy rain, the rain stayed on Zhang Cheng's cheeks along his big-brimmed hat, which looked so resolute. The aggressiveness in the heart of each warrior was shot out again.

The five armies of the Xijing Military Region, which was tasked with invading the Americas, attacked 900,000 troops. The large army will be divided into ten batches of landing ships in dock, which will land on the North American continent in turn under the protection of aircraft carriers and frigates. The first batch was the 180,000 troops of Fan Qing, commander of the Fifth Army of the Xijing Military Region. The army was successively transported to Lianyungang to assemble, and Commander-in-Chief Zhang ordered to call all the ships of Jiangsu, Shandong, Liaoning, and Zhejiang provinces to join the ranks of transporting troops. At the same time, Li Long, who was far away in Europe, transferred the troops of the Third Army of the Beijing Military Region to the Czech Province in Europe.

In the first month of 1653 of the Chinese Imperial calendar, the Americas were different from other lands, they were really far away from the Central Plains, and in the vast South and North America, they were not much smaller than the whole of Asia, and the suitable living area was about the same as that of Asia, after all, there were not many people living in the cold Siberian wilderness and the Far East, and these places together could exceed more than 10 million square kilometers. After more than a month of sailing, the imperial ** team finally occupied this uninhabited area in mid-February and named it Weiyuan Left Guard

After the Fifth Army arrived in Canada, it traveled more than 600 miles on the deserted North American continent before finding a small city called Tongwa in the local language. At that time, European colonists were still in South and Central America, and only France had troops in the eastern part of the North American continent. There has been no meeting with the troops of the Chinese Empire. In charge of this area was the commander of the village village, who used his binoculars to observe the small city, the wooden walls, the skull and ox heads hanging from the gates, and two or three soldiers with sticks or bows and arrows standing guard at the gates. Jiang Zhongcun smiled and said to himself: "This America is too backward, it doesn't even have the level of the empire in the Shang Dynasty, how can you fight against the imperial army?" Why don't you find a tongue and persuade you to surrender......"

"Liu Si, you go and catch a clever local and act as a translator for the army," Jiang Zhongcun ordered a second lieutenant platoon leader beside him.

"Yes, Shiza~!" Liu Si plunged into the woods with five soldiers armed with automatic rifles, and did not return for a long time. Jiang Zhongcun was in a hurry and let a second lieutenant platoon commander enter to scratch his tongue, but he didn't expect to come back this time, but everyone was wounded, and the second lieutenant platoon commander was hit by an arrow in the shoulder.

"Liu Si, why just a few of you come back and let you catch your tongues" Jiang Zhongcun asked several whys in a row

"Division, I don't know what it is, there are a lot of enemy archers in ambush, and when they see us, they shoot arrows without saying anything, fortunately the brothers retreated quickly, otherwise they would have been planted inside," the second lieutenant platoon commander complained

Jiang Zhongcun originally wanted to make peace with the local natives, and also sent a messenger to find a tongue to talk to their tribe, but I didn't expect these natives to have a strong grudge and hatred, and they had no ability, so they took the lead in making trouble, Jiang Zhongcun was furious and said: "Where is the first brigade commander?" ”

Hu Biao, the commander of the first brigade, came out from behind Jiangzhong Village and saluted: "Master, Hu Biao is here"

Jiang Zhongcun ordered: "Before sunset, take down their tribe Xiaocheng, and lose one person for you is to ask" Jiang Zhongcun is very confident in the emperor's ** force to deal with these American natives, so he does not plan to lose anyone in the war with the natives in the Americas, if it is attacked by Britain and France, it is possible to lose a hundred and ten people.

The majority of the indigenous Americans are from Central and South America, while the North American continent, which is hostile, has indigenous people only in a few areas close to the south. In the seventeenth century, the bourgeois revolution took place in England, after which the political and economic power of Britain grew rapidly, and the sun never set on Great China.255 ** () Following the victory over Spain in 1588, the victory over the Netherlands, and the fierce struggle for hegemony with France in the world accelerated the pace of English colonization of North America.

In 1606, the English crown granted charters to two joint-stock companies made up of large merchants and landed nobles, the London Company (also known as the Virginia Company) and the Plylaus Company (later merged with the Massachusetts Bay Company), granting them the privilege of developing the North American colonies. It was a comprehensive combination of overseas commerce, smuggling, piracy and the slave trade. In May 1607, the London Company sent the first immigrants to North America and founded James City. The immigrants included speculators, bankrupt gentlemen, white indentured slaves, etc., a total of 105 people. Originally built as a grassy wilderness, immigrants built a church, a gun emplacement, and a few huts to begin their new life in North America. The mortality rate of immigrants was extremely high due to plague, smallpox, yellow fever, and the national revenge of the Indians. According to research, only 32 of the first batch of immigrants survived. Since then, in order to survive and develop, white indentured slavery has increased day by day. Jamestown gradually developed into a Virginia colony. After the outbreak of the bourgeois revolution in England, many royal and landed aristocrats also migrated to Virginia, and most of them became the new aristocrats and large plantation owners of the region. These include the Washington family, the Mordison family, the Monroe family.

In 1607, none of the settlement areas established by the Plymouth Company were successful. In 1620, 102 English immigrants, including 35 Puritans who had been religiously persecuted, arrived in Plymouth on the ship "Mayflower", and before landing, some of them entered into a pact of self-government within the Puritans, known as the Mayflower Convention.

The world's most famous ship, the Mayflower, has a deadweight of about 180 tons and a length of 90 feet. He is best known for carrying a group of Separatists to North America to establish the colony of Plymouth and for formulating the Mayflower Convention on the ship. The Secession, the most radical of the English Puritans, left England for the Netherlands in August 1608 due to brutal persecution by the Anglican Church. Some of them decided to move to North America and signed an immigration contract with Virginia. On September 1620, under the leadership of the priest Brest, he sailed to North America on the Mayflower. There were l02 passengers on board, including 35 separatists, artisans, fishermen, poor peasants and 14 indentured slaves. On 21 November, he arrived at Cape Cod (present-day Provincetown, Massachusetts) and disembarked in Plymouth on the first day after Christmas. Prior to the landing, on November 21, the Separatist leader presided over the formulation of a "Mayflower: Convention" to be observed in the cabin, on which 41 free adult men signed their favorite novel The Sun Never Sets on Great China.255 Its content is: organizing civic groups; Prepare just laws, decrees, rules and regulations. This convention laid the foundation for self-government in the New England states.

The British king once "granted" large tracts of land in North America to his favored vassals or nobles, and the recipients were called "owners". The owners used the land as their "territory" and recruited immigrants to reclaim it. The Navigation Regulations of 1650 and 1651, when Cromwell promulgated the Navigation Regulations, while the main objective was to combat the Dutch, they also restricted the colonies from using their own ships to transport their products for export. In 1660, the Enumeration of Commodities Act was enacted, stipulating that the goods of the colonies, such as tobacco, sugar, cotton, and indigo, could only be exported to England, and if they were shipped to other European countries, they had to be unloaded in England before being sold by English merchants and then exported to foreign countries. The purpose of this law was clearly to turn the North American colonies into a supplier of raw materials for British industry, so that the British industrial capitalists could buy cheap raw materials. In 1663, Britain enacted the Major Commodities Act, which stipulated that, with the exception of a few commodities, all goods imported from Europe by the North American colonies must first be unloaded at the British shore, taxed by the British government, and then converted into British ships before they could be shipped to the colonies. The purpose of the Act was to protect the North American market for British goods in order to compete with the rest of Europe. This law was the first step in turning the North American colonies into a market for goods monopolized by the British. Since then, Britain has set up customs in the colonies to collect taxes on the import of goods from other European countries other than the United Kingdom. These stipulations kept all of the colony's foreign trade in British hands.

And Spain's colonies are mostly in Central and South America,

The Spanish invading forces followed Columbus's footsteps into the Americas, and everywhere Columbus went, he declared occupation in the name of the Spanish crown. After Spain took control of the West Indies, it used it as a base to expand into the American continent. In 1519, the colonial leader Cortis invaded present-day Mexico with about 600 soldiers and some guns and ammunition, and in 1532, another colonial leader, Pizarro, invaded present-day Peru with about 200 soldiers and two cannons. In the mid-16th century, colonists continued to establish bases in present-day Chile, Colombia, Argentina, Paraguay and other places to exercise colonial rule. From the early 16th century, Spanish colonists also came to southern North America several times, trying to colonize the area, and established a number of bases in Florida from 1565. In Asia, they also began to establish a foothold in the Philippines from this year, gradually occupying the islands. By the end of the 16th century, they were conquered by colonists except for the southern islands of Palawan, Mindanao, and the Sulu Islands. The Spanish colonizers plundered the colonies. The Spanish colonizers forced the Indians to mine gold and silver in Latin America. Spain sent two fleets of ships each year to transport gold and silver. In 1521~1544, an average of 2,900 kilograms of gold and more than 30,000 kilograms of silver were shipped back every year; In 1545~1560, an average of 5,500 kilograms of gold and 246,000 kilograms of silver were brought back every year. At the end of the 16th century, 83% of the world's precious metals were mined by Spain. The colonists also trafficked in cocoa, sugar, tobacco, cotton, precious stones, pearls and other specialties. In the West Indies, they slaughtered the Indians. When the colonists first arrived in Haiti, there were about 60,000 people, and by 1548 only 500 remained, by which time the original inhabitants of Cuba and Jamaica were almost extinct. From the beginning of the 16th century, Spanish colonists had been transporting blacks from Africa to the Americas to replenish the labor there, and each black man could sell hundreds of gold coins. Spanish colonization in the Americas

By the mid-16th century, the vast interior of the Americas, from Mexico to the south, had largely become a Spanish colony, with the exception of Brazil, which was occupied by Portugal. During this period, although capitalist relations had emerged in Spain, the feudal system had not been fundamentally dissolved, and the feudal forces were still dominant. In the colonial expansion of Spain, the feudal aristocracy and the Catholic clergy played the main role, and the feudal royal power was still the supreme commander and organizer of the entire colonial activity. Therefore, not only did Spain's colonial conquest of the Americas rely on military force, but Spain's rule over the colonies was also full of feudalism, which was a fundamental feature of Spain's early colonial activities. Spain's rule over the American colonies was politically an extension of its feudal monarchy**. The Spanish American colonies were divided into several viceroyalties, all of which were directly appointed by the king of Spain, and exercised the powers of the king in the colonies, overseeing administrative, financial, judicial, and military powers.

Now, because of Li Long's crossing, the colonization activities of Spain, Portugal, France, and Britain have been postponed, and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies are currently only living by the sea in Central and South America and Florida in North America. As for the French colonies, they were in the southern part of the North American continent, roughly the southern part of the United States, while Britain had some colonies in both South and North America.

Indians are also known as amerindian or amerind. Also known as Native Americans, it is the general term for all Native Americans except Eskimos. Indians are the Native American people. This race is distributed in the countries of North and South America, and belongs to the American branch of the race. Indian languages are spoken, including more than a dozen language families, and there is still no recognized linguistic classification. Archaeology and anthropology suggest that the ancestors of the Indians had the same constitution as the Chinese. The vast majority of the indigenous inhabitants of the Americas are Indians, distributed in the countries of North and South America, and traditionally belong to the American branch of the race in East Asia. The languages spoken by the Indians are generally referred to as Native American languages, or Native American languages. Archaeological and anthropological experts believe that the ancestors of the Indians came from northern China and crossed the Bering Strait from Asia to the Americas about 40,000 years ago, or through a land bridge through the frozen straits. They shared some cultural characteristics with their Asian counterparts, such as the use of fire, dog training, and certain special rituals and medical methods. The language is Indian of North America. The Indians were the first inhabitants of Latin America. The reason why they were called "Indians" was mainly because Columbus and other explorers thought that the "new land" they arrived at was India, and called the local residents "Indians".

The Indians used to be called red because their skin was often red, and it was later learned that this red color was due to the misconception that the habit of applying red paint to the face was given. After more than 40,000 years of culture, the Indians have produced many different peoples and languages, and have established four empires in history, the most important being the Aztec Empire in Central America and the Inca Empire in South America. Due to the persecution and killing of Indians by colonists and the destruction of Indian culture, there are not many remnants of ancient civilization materials, but the current research has attracted more and more attention from the archaeological community, and American countries have begun to vigorously excavate ancient Indian culture.

The Bering Strait is located at the northeastern tip of the Asian continent, and the other end of the Bering Strait is the northwest tip of the Americas. The average width of the Bering Strait is only 65 km, and at its narrowest point it is only 35 km, and there are two small islands (Kratmanov and Krusunstern) that are only 4 km apart. Moreover, the Bering Sea is very shallow, with an average depth of 42 meters and a maximum depth of only 52 meters, so it can be connected to the land as long as the sea level drops more than 40 meters. According to some geological studies, in some times of the Quaternary period, especially in the last ice age, the world's climate became colder, the ice came, the sea level fell by about 130~160 meters, and the Bering Strait, which had a water depth of only a few tens of meters, was exposed to the sea, thus exposing a land bridge, connecting Northeast Asia and the northwest of America, becoming a natural passage between Asia and the United States. In addition, at this time, the climate in Northeast Asia, which was during the Ice Age, was very cold and full of glaciers, while the interior of the Americas not only did not have glaciers, but also had a mild climate and abundant food, and many animals such as mammoths, elephants, musk oxen, moose, and sheep lived here. It is likely that hunters in northeastern Asia, who hunted mammoths and deer for a living, followed these animals across the Bering Strait land bridge to the Americas, becoming the originators of ancient civilizations in the Americas. Then, as glaciers melted and sea levels rose, rolling waves re-submerged the land bridge and cut off the two continents, making these outsiders indigenous to the independent American continent. After more than 20,000 years of differentiation, the Indians have produced many different ethnic groups and languages, according to records, by the end of the 15th century, there were about 1 million in the United States and Canada, at least 1 million in the West Indies, and the total number of American Indians was about 14 million to 40 million, with a total of about 160 languages and 1,200 dialects. The Maya lived in three major regions: the Maya in southeastern Mexico and Central America (Guatemala and Honduras); the second are the Aztecs, Toltecs, and Sapotecs of the Mexican Plateau; The third is the Incas in the Andes of South America, including Peru, Bolivia and Ecuador.

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