readx;?? With the end of the Battle of Chang'an, Li Chengwei's 200,000 troops fell short and fled in all directions, and the 'chaos' of Fan Yang was settled. Pen & Fun & Pavilion www.biquge.info. :。

The Tibetans seized the opportunity to capture part of the Hexi Corridor, the Turks were active in the Youzhou territory, and Goryeo was faintly moving away from the Tang Dynasty. After Tang Suzong accepted Goryeo, he did not adopt the same strategy of Huairou as Li Shan to carry out ethnic integration, but forced oppression. As a result, there has always been a deep estrangement between the Goryeo and the Han Chinese, so Goryeo did not integrate into the Tang Dynasty at all, but only succumbed to the force of the Tang Dynasty. 、

Once the Tang Dynasty was weak in force and its national strength declined, Goryeo would soon break away from the Tang Dynasty.

On the other hand, in Japan, under Li Shan's multi-faceted measures, the Dali people have gradually integrated with the Japanese, and the Han culture has a tendency to replace the local culture. Now that the official language of Japan has become Chinese, and all school teachings and historical materials are written in Chinese, true integration has become a trend. At this time, even if Li Shan does not control it, the fusion will continue.

In 747 AD, after a period of rectification, Li Shan cleaned up the traitors and thieves in the court, cleaned up the remnants of the defeated army, and finally stabilized the situation in the Tang Dynasty.

In March, Li Shan launched an offensive against the Hexi Corridor, and in just two months, he swept away the Tibetan forces in the Hexi Corridor, and went around the Turkic royal court along the way.

In response to this kind of military pressure, both the Tibetans and the Turks wisely chose to withdraw and surrender, and signed a series of peace treaties. Li Shan would certainly not believe in their so-called peace agreement, in contrast to Li Shan is more pragmatic, and annual reparations are necessary. Similarly, the establishment of economic and trade exchanges on the border between the two countries required the Tibetan troops to contribute to the construction of an official road leading to the interior. The Turks, on the other hand, had to reduce their frontier garrisons.

As for Goryeo, Li Shan adopted his previous method of dealing with Japan, through a large number of immigrants, moving the Goryeo people to the Tang Dynasty and the Han people to Goryeo, or implementing a four-equal partition system.

This series of measures have paid off accordingly, but the internal problems of Datang are still very serious. The most important thing is that the government and military system are not broken, and the festival makes the system proliferated. However, Li Shan already has a good way to solve this problem, and the power of the airship combined with the deterrent power of explosives has completely replaced the significance of heavy military deployment.

Under the coercion of Li Shan, the envoys of each section successively 'handed over' the right to send troops, and the feudal town system was deposed.

At the same time, Li Shan completely introduced Dali's advanced technology and teaching methods into the Tang Dynasty, abandoning the imperial examination and including science in the most important evaluation. The talent selection system has also begun to gradually move towards scientific and fair.

And the most important thing Li Shan wants to do is not these.

Although all these systems can have a certain impact on the Tang Dynasty, if Li Shan dies, it is likely that the next generation will become the same as before. Li Shan understands very well that the deep-rooted feudal ideology still exists in the hearts of every scholar, and they discriminate against commoners and respect the royal way in their bones. These people were the biggest beneficiaries of feudalism and the biggest obstacle to Li Shan's reform.

Although the feudal society is the supremacy of imperial power, the imperial power is not the most beneficial. Although the emperor has the greatest power and the most luxurious enjoyment, the royal family has become the most unique family in the world. However, the biggest beneficiary of feudalism was actually the scholars, who were the most solid supporters under the imperial power, and they took the imperial power as their protection, and under the imperial power, they were the highest rank. The number of scholars is less than one percent of the other three ranks, but they can oppress these three classes, which is the biggest shackle.

What Li Shan has to do is to break this shackle, abolishing the imperial examination is the best move, and at the same time implementing a new style of education. But before education was popularized, in other words, under the production level of the Tang Dynasty, only the scholars were able to let their children study.

Therefore, Li Shan must completely eliminate the oppression of the scholars on other industries, and the only way is to remove the umbrella on the heads of the scholars.

In the autumn of 76o AD, after a long period of preparation, Li Shan finally ushered in this opportunity.

This year, Li Shan is sixty years old, and the years of '' have made him 'flower' white, he is no longer the high-spirited teenager, he has entered the twilight of his life. He didn't even know how much time he had left, but he felt like he was almost done with his life's path.

After more than ten years of governance, the Tang Dynasty exhibited everyone's imagination, and the territory of the Tang Dynasty now extends to Japan in the east, Xinjiang in the west, Mongolia in the north, and Dali in the south. The Tibetans and Turks were successively annexed by Li Shan. The Tang Dynasty has achieved the largest territory in history.

At the same time, the exhibition within the country is also imaginative. Oil and coal were mined in large quantities, the industrial age had arrived, and electricity was initially put into industrial production.

It was a sunny morning, Li Shan tidied up his clothes and came to the Xingqing Hall of Xingqing Palace.

Although Tang Suzong was still sitting on the dragon chair, he didn't actually have any rights, in fact, he didn't even have the right to speak. There is a small chair in the front direction of the dragon chair, and this is Li Shan's seat.

When the general of Chao Tiance, he was above the three dukes, and when he saw that His Majesty did not need to kneel and bow, he entered the court and the ministers to knock, led the soldiers and horses of the world, and was in charge of hundreds of civil and military officials.

"Long live the emperor, long live, long live, Admiral Tiance, long live, thousand years old, thousand years old."

Hundreds of officials entered the court to worship, and it was not only the civil and military officials of Chang'an who were present today. There are also representatives of various states and counties, representatives of various ethnic groups. There were thousands of people, and the whole hall could not fit it, and many of them were standing outside. Li Shan's words can only be heard by those in front, and those in the back can only be heard by passing words through the 'attendant' guard.

Li Shan said: "Zhong Aiqing is flat." ”

After speaking, Li Shan glanced at the 'attendant' guard beside him, and the 'attendant' guard stepped forward and read: "Your Majesty has a decree, today is a great rule, the country is rich and the people are strong." I understand the hearts of the people, conform to the will of heaven, and believe that although the imperial power is a gift from heaven, it should not be imposed on one person, and the people of the Tang Dynasty have the rights of citizens, and everyone is responsible for the rise and fall of the country. I have worked hard to find out how to govern the country, and I will eventually reap the rewards. The constitution is above all else, and the implementation of all state policies will be based on the constitution, and no one can exceed the constitution.

With immediate effect, I have decided to form a parliament and a cabinet to be responsible for handling major state affairs.

The parliament is not only the highest legislative body of the country, but also the highest organ of state power, and the core brain of the imperial court, elected by the parliament, is the real center of state power.

As the head of the state, I am only responsible for the symbol of the state and do not participate in the choice of power.

Parliament has legislative power, and the constitution will be decided by parliament. The Cabinet is formed by the majority leader of the lower house of parliament, and the majority leader of the lower house is the cabinet minister. The Cabinet holds executive power, is supervised by the Parliament, and is accountable to the Parliament. The monarch has no real power and exercises ceremonial 'sex' duties.

The House of Lords, also known as the House of Lords, is mainly composed of important figures such as royal descendants, hereditary nobles, newly crowned nobles, judges of the Court of Appeal, and so on. The House of Lords is the highest judicial body, and the Speaker of the House of Lords is not only the head of the national judiciary, but also the Minister of the Cabinet.

The House of Commons, also known as the House of Commons or the House of Representatives, is a member of the House of Commons who are directly elected by the electorate on the basis of majority representation in small constituencies.

The House of Commons exercises legislative, financial and administrative powers. The legislative process is generally to put forward a bill, debate it in parliament, pass it through three readings, send it to the House of Lords for approval, and finally submit it to the emperor for approval and promulgation. The financial power of the Parliament is exercised by the House of Commons, and the financial power is held by the Cabinet. The power of parliament to supervise the executive is to question the work of the Minister of Justice through the members of the Council; debate on the policies of the political fu; ratify or veto treaties concluded by the government; At the same time, the parliament has the power to put forward a motion of no confidence in the government, and in such a case, the cabinet must resign, or ask the king to dissolve the lower house and call for an early general election.

……”

In fact, this is the idea of separation of powers formulated by Li Shan according to Montesquieu's theory, and today he wants to formally apply this idea to state administration.

Tang Suzong listened to the will read out by the 'waiter' guard, his heart was like a knife, and this day had finally come. Li Shan finally wanted to abolish the royal power, but Tang Suzong didn't understand, what did Li Shan do this for? Doesn't he want to be emperor himself?

Finally, after the will was read, Li Shan said: "Do you have any objections to Aiqing?" ”

Of course, there is no objection, although Li Shan only announced this will today, but Li Shan has been preparing for this will for more than ten years. No, to be exact, it should be that he has been preparing for most of his life, and Li Shan's forty years of hard work is just to be able to witness the arrival of this day with his own eyes.

According to the decree read, these ministers of civil and military affairs and the representatives of the states and counties will form a parliament, which will determine the constitution and elect the cabinet.

Of course, there is no suspense in the election of the first generation, because this team was created by Li Shan. Of course, Li Shan did not implement a policy of coercion, and all steps were carried out openly and transparently. However, now no one can question Li Shan's status, no one.

Lee Sun naturally became the cabinet minister, and the legislature re-established the constitution based on the idea that everyone is equal.

There is still a big gap between this constitution and the thinking of the people of the world, and in this constitution, there are no slaves, no subordinates, and no oppression. All are treated equally. Although the gentry were completely unable to understand the meaning of this constitution, they vigorously resisted. But now that it's a matter of course, it's impossible for one percent of them to compete with ninety-nine percent.

The Tang Dynasty became the world's first constitutional monarchy, and Tang Suzong became the last real emperor of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Shan became the first minister of the Tang Dynasty, and Li Shan announced that the term of office of the prime minister was five years, and the next prime minister would be elected by all parliamentarians after five years. 8