This class has lasted for more than an hour, Zhang Yiheng's explanation has opened everyone's eyes and deeply understood their own shortcomings, after the end of the course, the students have spoken to Zhang Yiheng to ask for a variety of questions that do not understand, Zhang Yiheng also patiently answered for the students, and the students' studious attitude also made Zhang Yiheng sigh!

In the discussion of everyone, a class that was originally less than two hours lasted until noon, and then ended under Liu Fan's compulsory order, and the students returned to the canteen of the Broken Army to eat, and Liu Fan also took the father and daughter of the Zhang family to the residence of the Salt Division. In order to entertain the three of them, Liu Fan also ordered someone to invite the chef of Jiaozhou Wanghailou. At the banquet, Liu Fan tried his best to keep him repeatedly, and finally made Zhang Yiheng agree to stay for a few days. However, Zhang Yiheng stipulated that in the future, he would only give a lecture to Liu Fan and others once a day, and he could not give a lecture for more than an hour at a time, otherwise he would not speak. Liu Fan was anxious after hearing this, and hurriedly persuaded him. But Zhang Yiheng had already made up his mind, and Liu Fan couldn't make Zhang Yiheng change his mind despite his words, so he had no choice but to pinch his nose and admit it!

After lunch, Liu Fan wanted to tell the students that the afternoon class was canceled and let them go back to training, but Zhang Yao was very curious about Liu Fan's teaching, and begged Liu Fan to give a lecture to open her eyes, in order not to disappoint the beauty, Liu Fan had to agree.

In the afternoon, the three of them came to the officer academy, at this time all the students had arrived, Liu Fan looked at everyone and said, "I have to regret telling everyone!" Our Lord Zhang can't come to class in the afternoon due to physical reasons! The afternoon class was replaced by Ben Shuai! ”

Forehead... Hearing the news of Liu Fan's announcement, everyone looked at each other, and the originally excited mood suddenly fell silent. In fact, it's no wonder that everyone doesn't give face, Liu Fan used to be just an otaku, he didn't work as a teacher, and his experience was not as rich as Zhang Yiheng, so the lectures were a little boring, not as funny as Zhang Yiheng. After half a month, everyone has been a little aesthetically tired. At first glance, when I heard such a fresh and interesting story as Zhang Yiheng, I still made Zhang Yiheng expect more from teaching.

Liu Fan saw that everyone was so faceless, so he stopped talking nonsense, and directly cut to the chase and said, "Let's continue to discuss the tasks assigned in the previous class, and I raised a question to you in the last class, that is, why the taxes of the Ming Dynasty will be lower and lower, and the people will have more and more harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes!" What is the reason why the people are getting poorer and poorer, so that they can't even eat enough? Which of you will answer this question first? ”

Liu Fan waited for a while, and saw that no one raised his hand to answer, so he had to personally order "Li Xiaohu!" You've been with me for the longest time, so let's answer this question first! ”

Hearing Liu Fan's roll call, Li Xiaohu had no choice but to stand up, thought for a while, and said with some twists: "I think that the reason why we, tenants and poor peasants, are so poor is because of the exploitation and oppression of those landlords and old wealth. They took most of the grain we had worked so hard to grow, and we had to pay our own taxes on the rest. In recent years, the imperial court has aggravated the Liao ring, and we tenants can't even eat enough for a year, and everyone can't live. Either they ran away or rebelled, and if no one paid taxes, the court would naturally not be able to collect them! ”

"Hmmm! What Li Xiaohu said is only one of the reasons, and it is also an objective reason. Does anyone know anything else? Liu Fan commented

With Li Xiaohu taking the lead, everyone finally let go of their reserve and raised their hands one after another, Liu Fan was a little happy, chose one of them and said, "Wu Tao!" Let's talk about it! As one of the current top officers of the Broken Army, I think you should have your own opinions! ”

"Yes! My lord! In addition to the oppression of landlords, the corruption of officials is also a very important reason. As far as I know, we have a tradition in the Ming Dynasty that silver does not leave the capital! If His Majesty allocates 100,000 taels of silver for disaster relief or pay, the money will be drifted away before it leaves the household, and the silver that will finally be implemented under layers of inventory is only 12/12. No amount of money can restrain these people's endless greed! Therefore, the Ming Dynasty will become poorer and poorer, and if there is no money, taxes will be raised, and the tax money will not be implemented, and this cycle will lead to the people not being able to live, and the court will have no money! Daming's finances almost collapsed! Wu Tao said with some sadness

Hearing Wu Tao's analysis, everyone present also nodded, thinking that what Wu Tao said was very right, in the face of the current situation of Daming, everyone's hearts became heavier and heavier, and even Zhang Yao's second daughter was thoughtful.

Liu Fan saw that everyone looked in agreement, and said: What Wu Tao said is also part of the objective reason. The reason why Daming is like this is mainly due to two classes and one main reason. In fact, not only the Ming Dynasty will be like this, but all dynasties have not escaped this strange circle. The main reason for this is land annexation, which means that land is increasingly concentrated in the hands of a small number of big landlords and big bureaucrats, while the peasants are increasingly losing their land, or even having no land at all. In order to have more means of production, that is, land, the big landlords used all kinds of despicable means of persecution, especially in disaster years, the landlords took advantage of the land to make the peasants who owned the land sell their land and real estate and become tenant farmers. After several generations and even development, the peasants almost lost the land on which they depended for their survival, and the entire village became tenants of the landlords, with the result that a large number of means of production were basically in the hands of a small number of people. In order to protect their own rights and interests, the landlords will use various means to oppress the tenants. Landless tenants, overwhelmed by the oppression of the landlords and losing their basic right to subsistence, will rebel and obtain living space through violent means. Therefore, in the last years of each dynasty, it is often the people who rebel first who are unable to survive. For example, the Yellow Turban Uprising at the end of the Han Dynasty and the Yellow Nest Uprising at the end of the Tang Dynasty.

After a long war, the population plummeted, and the landlord class with vested interests was heavily reshuffled. The land problem, which had been overwhelmed, was alleviated, and the ruling class often redistributed land in order to stabilize its rule. Therefore, in general, the politics of the early dynasty were the most stable period, because there were fewer people, and everyone could survive. Looking at the dynastic change of dynasties, it is actually a bloody knockout game, and a large number of population deaths will alleviate the contradiction of limited means of production.

Therefore, the dynastic rule of all dynasties will experience a cycle of turmoil every three hundred years, and the most fundamental reason is not the emperor's incompetence, it is just an inducement. Rather, it takes two or three hundred years for the land annexation to complete. Once the land annexation is completed, it is almost possible to declare a dynasty countdown, because the peasantry, who accounts for almost ninety percent of the population, has lost the fundamental basis of survival, and the only way to gain the right to survive is to reshuffle the cards.

This is almost an irreconcilable contradiction, and there are only two ways to solve this problem, one is to fight the civil war, that is, the war of the change of dynasties, to bleed yourself, so that the population can be sharply reduced to a tolerable level and the crisis will be eliminated naturally. The second is foreign wars, which relieve their own pressure and transfer contradictions by plundering land. However, the Confucian policy of the current outer saint and inner king made the Central Plains dynasty completely lose its aggressiveness, and now the Central Plains Dynasty can only adopt the method of internal bloodletting to alleviate the contradictions. This caused the Central Plains to fall into a vicious circle of dynastic change. ”