Because the slower the decline of the United Kingdom, the more difficult it is for the United States to rise, in addition to the factor of capital flows, the economic structures of the two countries are similar, and to a large extent, they can be substituted for each other, so the stronger the United Kingdom, the weaker the United States is relatively speaking. Pen × fun × Pavilion www. ｂｉｑｕｇｅ。 ｉｎｆｏ

After negotiating peace with Britain and allowing the Chinese to freely enter and exit Western countries, Momen's intelligence work against the West has made great progress, although the relatively confidential information is limited by the appearance of the Orientals and is difficult to obtain, but the relatively macro information is very easy to find out, and this is of greater strategic value, and it is on the basis of this information that Li Hui analyzed the different characteristics of the industrial structure of the major Western powers......

Due to the world's earliest popularization of basic education and vocational education attaches great importance to vocational education, Germany's level of precision and material technology as early as soon after the Franco-Prussian War surpassed the first industrial revolution in Britain to become the world's first, in the first class powers, the average quality of German products is the best, so it occupies a large part of the high-end market, at the same time, because it adopts the system of power control of capital, trade protection is stricter, even the weak industrial sector will not be crushed by foreign goods, so the industrial system is very complete, The proportions are also more balanced.

But German industry also has a serious flaw, that is, it is too lean, which leads to low production efficiency, which can be very bad in world wars that are more about quantity than quality, especially after entering the tug-of-war phase.

In addition to agricultural products, French goods are mainly sold in the international market for creativity and force, the profit margin is very high, but the market capacity is relatively small, so the industrial scale can not be compared with those few first-class powers in the strict sense, but France is an old power after all, no matter how deep the background is, there are also strong competitiveness in the international market The world-class large companies are not one or two, among which Schneider Electric as a sideline to engage in army artillery can become the world's first, and its scientific research strength can be seen. To put it simply, French industry is characterized by a weak overall, but several advantageous industries are at the top level in the world and have strong market competitiveness.

The United States is not a backward country in the strict sense like China and Japan, because the immigrants from Europe have already completed modernization, so that the United States has the foundation of a second-class power after independence, but after all, most of these people immigrated after Europe, and the United States does not pay as much attention to universal education as Germany, so the current population quality and industrial base have not caught up with the Western European powers, and the most direct reflection of the latter is that the products are not well made and the quality is poor. Although the gap is not as great as that between China and the West in later generations, the reputation of "Made in America" is not much better.

However, it must be noted that the population of the United States surpasses that of all European powers except Tsarist Russia, and it has a clear size advantage, and even if the per capita productivity is a little worse, the total industrial output still surpasses Britain, Germany, and France to become the world's first. Moreover, compared with these three countries, the per capita productivity of the United States may not really be much different, because unlike China's macroscopic industrial volume advantage in later generations, American industry is leading the world in at least two important aspects, one is large-scale equipment, and the other is production management.

As early as 1893, before the Sino-Japanese War, the United States had already manufactured the world's first 10,000-ton hydraulic press (freestyle), and until a few years later, no country in Europe has made such a big thing. In fact, the hydraulic press is only the tip of the iceberg, and the United States is also ahead of the world in other large equipment.

The advantages of American enterprises in production management are even more obvious, and you must know that almost every management revolution in the modern history of the world has occurred in the United States, and this aspect is really unconvinced.

According to the information that Li Hui currently has, in the same working hours, the average American worker can produce almost 1.5 German workers, and by the time of the world war, the advantage was very obvious.

Moreover, although the workmanship of American products is not exquisite enough, the pass rate is not low, and the reliability even exceeds that of German goods, which is enough to make the French goods with low output, low pass rate and poor reliability have no place to be ashamed. In a sense, the current American product is somewhat similar to the later Soviet product, although the advantages and disadvantages are not so exaggerated to the extent......

If it is limited to the civilian field, the industrial products that can be produced by European countries can be produced in the United States, although the quality may be poor, but because of the low production cost, it can still seize the market with the advantage of cost performance; However, European countries may not be able to produce industrial goods that the United States can produce, and this small part of the market is almost exclusively occupied by the Americans.

In 1897, the United States not only had the world's largest industrial output, but also said to be the world's first in terms of comprehensive industrial strength, but the United States' international influence was limited now, and the government was relatively low-key, not so conspicuous.

It may be because of the same lineage, the characteristics of British industry are actually very similar to those of the United States, and the quality of products is better, if calculated in terms of working hours, the cost performance of British industrial products is actually higher than that of the United States, because the production efficiency of British industry is second only to the United States (two German sons and three German children were completely destroyed by Britain), and the gap is not large (only 10% gap before World War I, when the United States already had the Ford system). ), which is far from enough to bridge the gap in quality.

The reason why better British goods will lose out in the market competition is that the British welfare system of this period is unreasonable (saving the poor rather than the emergency, which is conducive to winning the support of voters, but not to the development of industry). As mentioned earlier, due to the secret trickery of international financial capital, Britain had low tariffs on the United States and high tariffs on Britain in the last two or three decades of the nineteenth century, and Britain protected the patents applied by Americans/companies in the UK, while the United States did not protect the patents applied by British/enterprises in the United States, which is not fair competition at all, and it is strange that British products are not losing ground!

But with the strong rise of Chamberlain Sr.'s British Labour Party (right), the British government has finally begun to implement strict trade protection, and a more reasonable new welfare system is also in the pipeline, British companies finally have a chance to compete on a level playing field, and it is not so easy for the United States to replace Britain as easily as it has historically. And Li Hui also saw this, and on the premise that he could also make a profit, he tried to pull Britain as much as possible to slow down the speed of American industrial development, as an important part of his "economic war" strategy. (To be continued.) )