(This is the last public chapter, and the VIP chapter will begin.) ）

As a master's degree in economics, economic history is one of the important research objects, whether it is a person who specializes in economic history or not, as long as an economist must refer to economic history, otherwise it will not be possible to formulate the most appropriate policy. Of course, Shi Bufan knows the ancient economic history, and economics must be related to money, which is the most important part of economics and can never be bypassed.

And the creation of money is actually a general equivalent. And the meaning of this general equivalent is actually a "ruler", because the ruler itself has a length, so it can measure the value of other things. There are many general equivalents that serve as this "ruler", but there are only a few that have an important place in history. The earliest copper standard, to the silver standard, to the gold standard, and finally to the credit standard.

Of course, there are many reasons that affect the adoption of the standard, but the Tang Dynasty was an era of the out-and-out copper standard. Although many people do not know about the copper standard, which uses copper coins as the main currency in circulation, the value of copper coins is mainly determined by their weight. In ancient China, there were copper coins such as big money, small money, five baht money, etc., and copper coins were also agreed to become a different exchange ratio among the people, according to the purity and weight of copper coins. Silver is not the main currency in circulation at present, the Tang Dynasty is still relatively little silver, China is not a big silver-producing country, only to the Ming Dynasty a large amount of foreign silver will flow into China, silver will be monetized. However, before Zhang Juzheng's whip law in the Ming Dynasty, China's legal tender was copper coins, and only Zhang Juzheng's whip law recognized the monetary status of silver in an official way.

However, during the Tang Dynasty, silver was scarce and was an incomparably high luxury. The scarcity of quantities made him unable to monetize, so he was "goods" rather than a "currency". However, all goods will inevitably have their value changes, and what is even more terrible is that this value change directly affects the value of adopting this standard, and finally affects the economy.

"Your Majesty, in the final analysis, this kind of silver is just a luxury, only the rich and nobles can afford it, and ordinary people have no chance. But because ordinary people have no chance, then we can manipulate the value of this silver at will. No matter how much we manipulate the price of silver, ordinary people will not suffer from it. At present, the market price of our silver regular government is one tael of silver, and the general changes are also in this difference. However, government regulations are one thing, but when we make specific transactions, there will definitely be changes. Let's call this the exchange rate, and when we trade with silver, it is better to give it to the Turks than to give it to the Turks, who mistakenly think that they can exchange silver for more copper coins. But when they come to trade, we can depreciate the silver again, so that they can exchange less copper coins, and they can buy our supplies, tea, and so on, and much less. In this way, they took a lot of wealth in exchange for silver, and in the end, they had to go through many layers of exploitation by us. We have a lot of links in this to exploit the Turks, and when the time comes, we can purchase materials from our government and exchange them for silver, so that we will all make a lot of money. Shi Bufan said.

Li Shimin heard Shi Bufan's words, and finally couldn't help but say: "This is too lacking in morality? However, I am very satisfied, so that most of the Turks have been fat sheep, and whenever we want to cut meat, they have to let us cut it. ”

Li Shimin really feels that this method is really breathtaking. You must know that this method of using the exchange rate to cheat people, Li Shimin never dreamed of it. And this silver settlement actually has such benefits. To know the value of silver, after all, it is just a luxury, not a currency. No matter how much these officials manipulate the value of silver, the people will not be harmed by this, they will just watch the excitement.

Therefore, the silver of the Tang Dynasty was not monetized, which was also beneficial, and the people would not suffer because of it. Using silver to pit people is simply shearing the Turks' sheep, or even cutting meat! But the Turks had to accept such an elegant "slaughter", because they did not understand the problem at all. Even if you feel it, you don't know why it is, and you can effectively make judgments and counterattacks.

In the end, this is just a change in the price of silver, and the Turks have nothing to do. This kind of use of the exchange rate to slaughter is actually very useful. The wealth that can trap those Turks, and even the Turks who are slaughtered in the end, in terms of this exchange rate, may be enough for Li Shimin to raise enough wealth to crusade against them. And this method is very simple and very useful, after all, it is much better to exploit the Turks than to exploit their own people. This method is really lacking in morality, but Li Shimin doesn't care if he lacks morality, anyway, the way to defeat the enemy is a good way.

"Hehe, this change between exchange rates, I have a way to clean them up. In later generations, China will not suffer less from this kind of loss! Shi Bufan thought.

Of course, Shi Bufan knows that this kind of change between exchange rates is a very tricky plan, and the depreciation and appreciation of the currency have a crucial impact on the fate of a country. Why did the Americans in later generations let China's soft sister currency appreciate, don't think that appreciation is a good thing, and when you hear about appreciation, you think that the currency is worth it, which is a good thing to take for granted. However, when the currency appreciates, the blow to the export industry is extremely huge, especially for those export products with low profit margins.

Although currency appreciation also has a certain impact on the Yankees, the industrial structure between the two countries is different, which makes their influence far less than that of China.

At present, the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the Turks is quite similar to that between the Yankees and China in later generations. The copper coins used by Datang are like the US dollar, which is the international currency. But that silver, like a soft sister coin, although it has a certain status, but it is not internationally accepted. Manipulating this silver to appreciate or depreciate can be a good way to exploit the Turks. The industrial structure of the Turkic people is too simple, except for dairy products, that is, war horses, these two resources are not necessary for the people of the Central Plains. In addition, their Turks are all scattered, and they all want to sell as soon as possible to obtain quotas and then purchase materials from Datang, which aggravates their internal competition.

However, the Tang Dynasty adopted centralized power, and as long as the imperial court spoke, the vast majority of businessmen did not dare to disobey. This can effectively prevent people from privately trading with the Turks, and even if the Turks smuggle some of them, the cost is very high, and the losses outweigh the losses. In this way, they must ask to the Tang Dynasty, and the Tang Dynasty has a way to kill the three soldiers, so that the Turkic split is certain.

The Turkic people have a single type of product, and they are not a necessity for the people of the Tang Dynasty. However, Datang's grain, tea, and steel are all Turkic necessities, and even tea is like a high value-added thing. The original value of tea is not high, but it cannot stand the low yield, and it is easy to be monopolized, so the Turkic people can't stand such a deliberate artificial price increase. In this way, the high-tech products of those Americans have a high added value, which is many times higher than the added value of those daily necessities in China. In this way, although the manipulation of the exchange rate has a certain impact on oneself, it is not big, because the place is bound to buy, but oneself does not necessarily have to be other things. Even the political systems and added value of products on both sides are different, and it is easy to kill this Turkic person.

"Your Majesty, what do you think, I'm afraid that this Turkic will be exploited by us in the future. At that time, it will depend on the affairs of you and the ministers of the imperial court, so I will not ask more. As long as the comparison between silver and copper coins is well used, and the appreciation and depreciation of silver are actively regulated, the Turks will inevitably suffer heavy losses. Whatever money they make from us, then we can all get it back from this comparison between silver and copper, and even with interest. The Turks play with us, and they will evolve for a few hundred years! As long as it lasts for a few years, then we Datang can also obtain a lot of wealth and use it as funds for the Northern Expedition to the Turks! They use their own money to raise our soldiers, and even come to organize our military expenses to crusade against them, which is a very good feeling, right? Shi Bufan asked.

Li Shimin's mouth was open, and it cracked to the back molars, which obviously showed that he was very happy, and he was so happy that there was no boundary. You must know that he has made a lot of money this time, if it is not extraordinary, even if he wants to crusade against the Turks in the future, I am afraid that he will have to raise taxes on the people, so he will definitely be scolded. And raising taxes on the people will inevitably cause a lot of backlash, which will definitely be unfavorable to Datang, which has just resumed production. However, this method is extraordinary, it is simply a stroke of genius, directly using the enemy's money to fight the enemy, such a method is so ruthless that Li Shimin also feels frightened.

"Fortunately, he is my Datang person, otherwise I'm afraid if it's a foreign country, then Datang will be dangerous! However, as long as he is in my Datang, I am not afraid. With him, I will not be short of money in the future. I just like this kind of thing that can make money and doesn't hurt the people. Li Shimin laughed in his heart.

As a general-turned-king, he is well aware of the importance of logistics. The three armies did not move the grain and grass first, which also shows the importance of grain and grass. Maybe ordinary people just know how brave the soldiers in charge of commanding the battle were, how brave they were when they charged, and how powerful they were at killing the enemy. However, the real leaders absolutely know that those generals who charge forward will not be the greatest heroes, but civilian officials who handle all kinds of affairs in the rear and provide protection for the generals in the front.

When Liu Bang, the emperor who was born as a pavilion chief, knew that Xiao He was the first hero, and he also invented a "gong dog". Li Shimin also knows very well that without the support of the rear, no matter how powerful the army at the front is, it will be fake.

But grain, steel, and other things were all bought by the imperial court. But the imperial court often has no money, not enough wealth, so what to do? That is to say, taxes, taxes, and even various assessments. The same is true of all dynasties, including the Sui Dynasty, through the increase of taxes and taxes and military service, such a violent and gratuitous seizure of the people's food wealth and labor, such a price must make them hate the court very much.

This is why many ancient officials opposed the expansion of territory, not because they were not ambitious, but because the war caused unparalleled damage to the agricultural age. It is not possible to say that the ancient civil servants were weak simply because they had no ambition to pioneer. Affairs are not absolute, as ancient politicians, if it is beneficial for them to expand their territory, they will not hesitate to do it. As for what to say about Confucianism, this is essentially a false proposition. In the end, it depends on their own interests, and if it is beneficial for their class and interest groups to expand their territory, they will not hesitate to choose to open up, and will not be limited by any decadent Confucianism. Politicians and academics are not the same thing at all, even if some politicians are dressed as academics. As a politician, it is always for political interests, and it will not be a real corrupt Confucian.

Of course, Li Shimin knew that directly increasing taxes with the people would hurt the people. However, if there is an extraordinary time, then the enemy can be used to form an army in the future, so that not only is it not harming the people, but it is using the enemy's wealth to purchase various materials in the country, which is stimulating production! Purchasing with money and collecting it for free are not the same thing! Using money to purchase is stimulating production, but taking possession without compensation will not only destroy production, but will make the people hate it very much.

As an emperor who dreams of expanding his territory, for a capable person who can make money without harming the people, he must definitely be offered as a bodhisattva. Let him get money for you, so that you can have money to expand your territory in the future without harming the people.

Even on the contrary, the war is getting richer and richer, the people have tasted the sweetness because of the war, and all social strata have tasted the sweetness because of the war, so that the chariot will accelerate and let the army sweep the world.

"Your Majesty, do you agree to this treaty drawn up by the minister?" Shi Bufan asked.

Li Shimin nodded and said: "I agreed, you go and let Tang Jian sign a treaty with the Turkic Jieli, so that we can skin the Turks well and let them know our ability to cut meat in the Tang Dynasty." Your means are enough for the Turks to be played to death. Even, next, the Turks are probably going to become a plate of scattered sand, and my Datang can easily eliminate them. ”