Yang Chao had to build a carriage, and it was a one-of-a-kind carriage.

It is very common to give cars to future generations, and all kinds of luxury cars are given to people in power, and they can often reap a hundredfold return.

Yang Chao also plans to build a car, although it is not a famous car in later generations, but it must also be a luxury car.

And it is a hand-built, handmade luxury car.

Yang Chao can't build a car himself, but this can't be difficult for him, someone can build it. In the Ming Dynasty, there were craftsmen who made cars, and there were car and horse shops that sold cars on the market, but the cars that could be bought on the market could not be sold.

Yang Chao first went to the carriage and horse shop to buy an ordinary two-wheeled carriage, which can be pulled by a horse, which is the most ordinary kind. In fact, there is also a four-wheeled carriage, but it is generally used to pull goods, and it is pulled by oxen.

In the Ming Dynasty, the carriages of people were generally two-wheeled, and even the emperor rode on two-wheeled vehicles. Of course, the emperor generally sat in a sedan chair.

Of course, Yang Chao bought this carriage not to send Shi Kefa, but to learn from it.

Because Yang Chao didn't understand the structure of the carriage at all, this was actually a prototype car for reference.

Yang Chao told his father that someone asked him to help make a car, and he was willing to pay a high price for his father to help find a few craftsmen.

The craftsmen of the Ming Dynasty covered almost all aspects of the masters, including many carpenters with the most exquisite craftsmanship.

In the afternoon of the next day, Yang Yong invited two carpenters, one surnamed Gao and the other surnamed Song.

The carpenter surnamed Gao is good at carving beams and painting buildings, and the carpenter surnamed Song is a veteran of cutting wheels. The two carpenters were promised ten taels of silver each, and not more than a month, and they were all satisfied, and agreed that everything would be up to Yang Chao.

Yang Chao first asked two carpenters to dismantle the carriage he bought for nearly a day.

After the carriage was dismantled, the structure was almost a car board, two wheels, and a shed.

The plate and axle are integrated, and the wheels are attached to the axle, and there is no separate suspension system.

The carport was too simple, and Yang Chao planned to change it to a square sedan chair shape.

The floor should also be improved and separated from the axle.

Axles and wheels should also be improved.

The axle should be equipped with a shock absorption system, without a good shock absorption system, the carriage will be very bumpy and uncomfortable, so the rich people of the Ming Dynasty would rather make a sedan chair than a faster carriage.

As for the wheels, the wheels of the Ming Dynasty were directly attached to the axle, and there were no bearings to transition in the middle. Such wheels are not durable, because they tend to wear out the axles, so it is impossible to travel far, and if you want to go long, you have to prepare several wheels.

After a day of analysis, Yang Chao felt that he had a lot to improve.

The carriage and wheels were to be made new, and Yang Chao was very efficient, and the design dimensions were given to Song Carpenter and Gao Carpenter the next day. The outside of the carriage should be ordinary, but the inside must be attentive, so I invited a carpenter like Gao Carpenter who knows how to carve. The wheel should also be as you think, ask the carpenter Song to make a new one with the best wood, and reserve the position of the bearing.

The most important thing in the design is actually the bearing and shock absorption, these Yang Chao does not plan to invite people, his father Yang Yong is the most exquisite blacksmith, dare not say that Nanjing City is the first, but it is definitely the first-class.

Crafts that have been passed down from family for hundreds of years, many of which are unique.

Of course, letting his father do it with him instead of asking someone to do it, it's not that Yang Chao is reluctant to pay for it, compared to the money given by Wang Xiao, this money for hiring people is really nothing.

When he broke up with Yang Chao, Wang Xiao even paid one hundred taels of silver in advance, which was enough to make a carriage.

He also promised that if he succeeded in giving the gift, he would also give Yang Chao a thank you gift of 1,000 taels of silver.

The reason why he and his father did it themselves was because Yang Chao believed that bearings and shock absorption would be the most important part of the car, which was the core technology, and he did not plan to be known. In the future, the car will be a unique carriage because of its bearings and shock absorption.

After Yang Chao helped feed the carriage and wheels, he handed it over to two carpenters, and the carpenters did it in their respective homes.

The bearings and shock absorbers were to be manufactured in the Yang family's blacksmith shop.

The structure of the bearing looks very simple, that is, there are two rings in the outer ring and two rings in the inner ring, and a ball in the middle, which Yang Chao still knows.

But what Yang Chao didn't expect was that it was much more difficult to make bearings than he imagined, and first Yang Chao found that spherical balls were almost impossible to make.

Forging a steel ball by hand is impossible for even the most skilled blacksmith to make.

After thinking about it all night, Yang Chao had no choice but to change the design and replace the balls with needles that were easier to make.

The needle roller is actually just a round short stick made of iron, although it is not easy to make, but at least it is much easier than a steel ball, and after forging, it can be made by polishing.

The inner and outer rings of the bearing are cast, and the bearing pressure of cast iron is sufficient.

But when the two cast iron rings were brought back, Yang Chao found that the needle roller could not fit into the ring anyway.

There is absolutely no problem with the design, and there is no problem with casting, the space between the inner and outer circles is just enough to accommodate the needle roller, but in the design, in order to prevent the needle from falling out, the edge is 90 degrees protruding, so the entrance is narrower than the raceway inside, narrower than the diameter of the needle, and it is theoretically impossible to install it.

This made Yang Chao almost give up the design of using the bearing, but that night, suddenly he was upset, took the bearing home and was still outside the door, and picked it up the next morning, only to find that it was worn in at once. Yang Chao only understood at this time that this is the truth of thermal expansion and cold contraction.

Because after freezing in the cold night, the inner and outer rings are intracted, and even the diameter of the needle is reduced, so it is worn through.

The needle roller was threaded, but then a new problem arose.

The inner and outer rings are between sliding, the needle rollers will actually touch together, no matter how much oil is poured into it, it will not help, after the two needles are twisted together, the friction is very large, and it is easy to jam the bearing.

Yang Chao then thought that there was a structure in the middle of the bearing in later generations, the cage, which was a sleeve connected together, separating the ball and the needle, so that the ball and the needle could roll honestly in the sleeve.

Yang Chao hurriedly changed the design and installed a shaft sleeve made of iron sheets, which was sleeved between the bearings, and finally solved the problems of all the bearings.

At this time, I can't help but be shocked that a small design is so difficult, it is said that there were bearings in ancient times, which were made of wood.

Yang Chao feels that if he makes bearings in such a way, he is afraid that he can make it, and there are not many people who can afford it.

No wonder the ancients did not invent bearings, not because they could not make them, but because there was no market.

The bearing is followed by shock absorption, and the key to shock absorption is the spring, at this time coil springs have appeared in Western countries, although they have not yet been industrialized, but have been applied to horse-drawn carriages.

However, China's carriage is very underdeveloped, and the spring may have been made, but it has not been promoted, and Yang Chao cannot find it on the market at all, so he can only make it himself.

At this point, Yang Chao felt that his father couldn't help it, so he first hit a round fine iron rod with the thickness of his fingers.

Then Yang Chao drew a spiral line on a thick iron rod, and asked his father to wrap the fine iron rod into a spiral structure according to his own carved line.

This was done in less than three days.

Yang Chao did not rush to install, but began to test, the results of the test were not good, and the elasticity of the spring was not good.

can only be redone, let my father forge many times, the spring made, finally compound Yang Chao's requirements, this kind of iron is actually already a hundred steel, the performance is naturally good. However, it took four or five days to make one of these springs, and in the end it took twenty days to make four.

The two carpenters also made the wheels and carriages.

Carpenter Song's wheels were ready earlier than the carriage, and he had already made the bottom plate of the carriage.

However, there was no axle installed on the bottom plate of this carriage, which made the Song carpenter very strange, and the axles of the Ming Dynasty were all set on the bottom plate.

Then Yang Chao asked him to make a very thick axle, which was almost split into a square with a whole log, which was four inches thick.

There is also a wooden board thickened to three inches on the floor panel, which is tenoned together with the floor plate, and the position is exactly according to the position of the axle.

Because the wheels of the Song carpenter have long had dimensions, it is not difficult to install Yang Chao's bearings at this time, and after the inner ring of the bearing is put into the axle, it is impossible to see any difference from other carriages.

However, it rotates very lightly, and there is a soft rattling sound between the rotation of the oiled bearings.

The link between the axle and the carriage is also very delicate. Yang Chao's design of the spring is set in the middle of an iron rod, one end of the iron rod directly into the axle, and then installed with a spring, the other end is movable, inserted into the frame of the round hole. Because there is a spring in the middle, one end is fixed and the other end is movable, so the carriage vibration can have a cushion to play the role of shock absorption.

However, for safety reasons, Yang Chao also used hemp rope to tie the axle and the reinforcing plate on the bottom plate together, and wrapped many ways, and several springs were even denser, and the springs were hidden.

After the car was installed, Yang Chao sat and felt it.

The four springs worked very well, and although the carriage was still a little shaky, it was not bumpy at all. And it's easy to move, one person can pull it away, then a horse is even more fine.

Just looking at the carriage, Yang Chao always felt that there was something missing.

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