[Ran^Text^Library] From the Qin dynasty onwards, the foundation of China's territory was established, a land that until later generations could feed the largest number of people with the least amount of arable land. Other lands around China, even if developed, still bring less social wealth than the income from China. Middle-earth was developed early, for a long time, with sound water conservancy facilities and a large land and abundant resources.

If it weren't for the Silk Road, it's hard to believe that the Han and Tang dynasties would have annexed the Western Regions. If it weren't for the ethnic minorities in power, it would be hard to believe that such bitter cold places as the northeastern grasslands and the Qinghai-Tibet region could be incorporated into China's territory.

The reason why ancient China did not take the initiative to expand to the outside world is that there is no land that can compare with the richness of Middle Earth. Spain and Portugal first made great voyages, not for religion and trade, but for survival, and the small and barren land forced them to seek a new way out. They go around killing and looting, but because they can't produce anything good on their own land.

In ancient China, what was needed was not foreign wars and plunder, but peace, and then manage their own land well, as long as they managed it well, they would gain much more wealth than war and plunder. There is no piece of land that can make the ancient Chinese have a strong desire, and China, an ancient agricultural society based on cultivation, will not try to acquire overseas land. This is the root cause of why the Yuan Dynasty expanded overseas and failed to attack Japan and Nanyang, and this is the root cause of why the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties did not annex the surrounding backward and weak countries.

When the Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties unified China, what they had to do was to stabilize the social order and promote internal development, rather than external expansion. It will not be overseas expansion, or even prohibit nationals from immigrating overseas. It is not a question of feudal repression, but of the fact that emigration abroad will not do the country any economic benefit other than the loss of population.

The superior geographical production environment of Middle-earth is in stark contrast to the barren and wild lands overseas. Zhao Ji insisted on expanding overseas, and even if he developed the Liuqiu and Huguang regions, he would have gone too far with the use of troops in Nanyang. This is why Fan Chunren, who planned the development of Liuqiu, will later resolutely oppose Zhao Ji.

The cost of developing the river and the lake is too high, the water network is dense, the miasma and the jungle are all consuming too much manpower and material resources. If the South Seas were to be developed again, it would be enough for the Great Song Dynasty to fall quickly. Rather than spending huge sums of money on overseas development, it is better to manage Middle-earth well. Although Wang Anshi and others did not stand up against Zhao Ji for emotional reasons, they did not support Zhao Ji in his struggle against those opponents because of the loss of Zhao Ji's throne, and this is the reason.

After Zhao Ji regained the throne, Wang Anshi did not oppose Zhao Ji, but diverted Zhao Ji's attention and put forward a plan to rule the world for ten years. This plan is actually to manage your own land well. Under the 10-year rule, the social wealth obtained was not much stronger than that of overseas expansion.

Zhao Ji was persuaded by Wang Anshi, and the scale of the development of Golden State and Australia was significantly reduced, and there was no longer an immigrant with a population of two million like the development of Liuqiu. What is the concept of two million? The human, material and financial support required for the migration of two million people is staggering, especially in this era. In the case of a small neighboring country, the population of a country is only 4 million. If it weren't for the support of the Shangmeng cabinet, the issuance of Jiaozi, and the establishment of the cabinet system, the Great Song Dynasty, which had an empty treasury, would not have said that it would have implemented such a large-scale immigration development, but it would have been a difficult problem to ensure the operation of the country.

How to eliminate this natural disadvantage and make the Great Song Dynasty, which was satisfied with internal development, burst out with a strong desire for overseas land, this is the problem that Zhao Ji wants to solve. As long as there is such a strong desire, the wealthy Great Song Dynasty can use the money to earn more money, instead of being small and rich, and luxury is sluggish. As long as this strong desire appeared, the wealthy Great Song Dynasty could transform money into a powerful war machine, which was so powerful and murderous that it was all over the world.

Many time-traveling novels will apply the theories of Westerners. That is, looking for gold and silver overseas, wouldn't you be rich with gold and silver? Isn't it powerful?

In fact, the logic is ridiculous. What is Gold and Silver? It's just a medium of exchange, not actual wealth, and he can't be satisfied with food and clothing. Imagine what the consequences of a large amount of gold and silver pouring into the Great Song Dynasty would be? It will only be like the Ming Dynasty, silver is cheap and copper is expensive. The appearance of a large amount of gold and silver will only increase prices, which is the same as the concept of indiscriminate issuance of paper money.

Some people may say, isn't it possible to buy things from other countries? Impossible, how many people did the Great Song Dynasty have, what kind of economic scale, and what kind of population and what kind of economic scale did the surrounding countries have? The purchase could not meet the needs of the Great Song, or even could not be bought at all. In this era, most of the trade was the trade of luxury goods, but the needs of those in the upper class who coveted luxury enjoyment, not the needs of the state.

Besides, if you just look around for gold, you will only lead to the same results as Spain. The influx of gold and silver, if not used for international trade and increasing the export of gold and silver, will lead to an increase in domestic prices. If it is used in large quantities for international trade, it will lead to an influx of goods, which will destroy the country's economy. This is the reason why Spain arose because of gold and silver, but because this people became poorer.

Moreover, Zhao Ji brought the paper money of later generations, brought the banking system of later generations, issued Jiaozi, gold and silver no longer served as a medium of trade, and the Great Song Dynasty had no demand for gold and silver. After a large amount of gold, silver, and gemstones poured into the Great Song Dynasty, most of them were stored in order to prevent price reductions. It is this storage, it is this kind of prosperous commerce and trade, that makes the price of grain in the Great Song Dynasty rise slowly, so that the Great Song Dynasty is facing a food crisis that may cause the Great Song Dynasty to collapse quickly.

Without solving the grain problem, it is unrealistic to talk about the development of industry and commerce. If Wang Anshi's plan of ruling the world for ten years is only followed, then agriculture under intensive cultivation will not be able to provide more commercial grain for industry and commerce. The premise of the Industrial Revolution was the Agricultural Revolution.

In Western Europe, before the Industrial Revolution, there was an agricultural revolution, and the population size of Western Europe rose rapidly. It provided the economic basis for the enclosure movement of sheep eating people, and if there was not enough commercial grain, the enclosure movement of sheep eating people would send more cheap labor into the factories but into hell.

The agricultural revolution in Western Europe was a fact, mainly after the discovery of the Americas, which introduced high-yielding crops from the Americas. The introduction of high-yield crops has greatly increased grain production, made it possible to have enough commercial grain to meet the development of industry, and made it possible to grow cash crops on more land.

Champa rice is also a high-yield crop, and the wealth of the Song Dynasty, fundamentally speaking, is the introduction of Champa rice, which makes Huguang ripe all over the world. Such an agricultural revolution promoted the population growth of the Song Dynasty and the development of industry and commerce in the Song Dynasty. However, this high-yielding crop alone clearly cannot bring the agricultural revolution to its peak. However, the current Great Song Dynasty is also unable to obtain high-yield crops from the Americas.

The problems of the agricultural revolution and the inward-looking culture of the Great Song Dynasty due to the abundance of land in China compared with overseas land were the fundamental problems restricting the further development of the Great Song Dynasty. Without the agricultural revolution, there would have been no commercial grain to support the development of industry and commerce, and without the agricultural revolution, there would have been no cheap labor into the workshops.

If the Great Song Dynasty is not filled with longing for overseas land, it will not be able to change the introverted cultural problem of the Great Song Dynasty, and if this introverted culture is not changed, the Chinese civilization will not continue to promote overseas development, and then nourish the Chinese civilization. The move from agricultural civilization to industrial civilization is not something that can be done in one generation, and Zhao's lifespan is limited.

At first, Jiaozi was issued and a cabinet was set up, just to be able to obtain the right to control the wealth from the landlords and wealthy families, and then implement the Qingmiao Law through loans, so that the Great Song Dynasty could operate in debt through loans. Initially, the establishment of the four universities was only to accommodate those officials who had been laid off. At that time, all the ideas were just to solve the problem of the three redundancies of the Great Song Dynasty.

However, what I didn't expect was that the establishment of these two systems not only solved the problem of the three redundancies of the Great Song Dynasty, but also promoted the rapid development of the Great Song Dynasty, which was faster than Zhao Ji expected.

The cabinet concentrated manpower and material resources, so that Zhao Ji could spend money to do big things, and in just a few years, he built a huge capital city and developed Liuqiu and Huguang. The establishment of the four universities has brought about achievements that surprised Zhao Ji.

The army of the Great Song Dynasty was composed of graduates of the Patriotic Academy, which was a high-quality professional army. It can be said that it is a modern army.

The modern army is not centered on any ideology, but on a large number of educated soldiers and officers, so that it can have sufficient organizational power.

To put it simply, the real soldiers of the ancient army were only professional soldiers, knights and nobles in Europe, hereditary military generals in China, samurai and other classes in Japan, and the main body of the army was serfs, tenant farmers, peasants, etc. This kind of complete dependence on the commander-in-chief depends at most on the organizational form of officers at all levels. If a commander-in-chief or a junior officer is killed or wounded, the army can easily collapse. Because there are too many casualties among officers, or because the main general is killed in battle, the army loses its organization and collapses.

Although the universal compulsory education in the four universities has not been completely universalized, it is still a large number of highly educated soldiers to the army. Higher education is the only way to have a state concept that goes beyond money and power, which in turn provides the basis for the education system and the control of the army.

The biggest benefit of the four universities comes from technological invention. In order to be outside the imperial court, the four universities can support themselves and feed a huge number of students, so they have to make money by themselves. How do people make money? Technology dividends.

The Four Universities succeeded in tying the workshop to the Four Universities, and the Four Universities were no longer a place to study, but a scientific research institution, and the teaching tasks were all delegated to the branches of the Four Universities. The four universities are made up of research institutes that conduct research on various industries in society and improve technological methods, but production is quickly realized through workshops.

According to Zhao Ji's regulations, anyone who dedicates unique craftsmanship and technology has the opportunity to enter the four universities, which means that whether it is a common person or a craftsman in the workshop, as long as there is superhuman technology, it is possible to directly skip the long study and hard work from Mongolia to university, and directly carp jump into the dragon gate.

Since Sima Guang coordinated the improvement of movable type printing, this force has continued to grow. This not only breaks the tradition of ancestral technology, but also breaks the shortcomings of individual inventions in terms of financial resources.

In fact, before the nineteenth century, when technological inventions were still at the level of craftsmen's craftsmanship, many technological technologies were quite simple without technical bottlenecks. There are quite a lot of craftsmanship, such as the stainless copper sword of the Qin Dynasty, which even the United States of later generations could not make. The key point is that it is a handicraft industry, a machine industry.

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