Chapter 16: The Initiation of the Change
March has slipped by, April has arrived.
Zhao Ji since the spring ploughing ceremony, more and more familiar to the people, where Kaifeng Mansion and outside, there are no people who do not know Zhao Ji.
This brought a lot of trouble to Zhao Ji's travel, and he wanted to learn a private visit from Kangxi Weifu, but it was not feasible.
Whenever Zhao Ji left the palace, the officials of Kaifeng Mansion had to be nervous, but Zhao Ji saw a look of living and working in peace and contentment.
Zhao Ji didn't investigate how much water there was, so he continued to go to the Li Family Horse Farm to train the troops, or go to the forbidden army camp to inspect. You can't stay at the palace for a few days a month.
It was not until May, after Prime Minister Moon Yanbo handed over the "Resolution to Change the Law", that Zhao Ji stayed in the palace for a whole month, discussing the change with the cabinet ministers. Although the "Resolution on the Reform of the Law" was very unpalatable to Zhao Ji, Zhao Ji still approved the cabinet's plan. There is no way, almost all the cabinet ministers are famous figures in history, and Zhao Ji is not confident that his reform plan is really suitable for this era, and he does not dare to underestimate the wisdom of the elites of this era.
With a stroke of his pen, Zhao Ji did not have any objections, and then issued an edict and agreed to the cabinet's plan to change the law. After the plan was approved by Zhao, the cabinet ministers breathed a sigh of relief. They were particularly afraid that Zhao Ji would not agree to the "Resolution on Law Change", and they were also afraid that Zhao Ji would not say anything about changing the law. Because, no matter how you change the law, it is better than the official family killing the Quartet. Once the official family kills the Quartet, then above the court, it will be the world of warriors from now on. This forced the doctors to compromise.
The "Resolution on Law Change" is almost a synthesis of the plan of the Qingli New Deal and Wang Anshi's proposal for law change. There are five main decrees.
Decree No. 1: Abolition of Servitude. The main content is to change the original rotation of errand service on a household-by-household basis to be undertaken by government employees. The peasants were thus freed from servitude, guaranteed working hours, and promoted the development of production. Compared with Wang Anshi's exemption law in history, he no longer levies exemption money. The biggest drawback of this decree was that the state lost three million dollars in revenue from the Servitude Act. This decree officially abolished the law on errand service that injured the people, and the people would no longer serve on errand duty in the future. In fact, the Errand Servitude Law has long been merged into two taxes, and the Errand Servitude Act is a complete double tax.
Three million is a big number, but you don't have to worry about a lot of debt. The imperial court has already loaned 30 million yuan to Wang's Qianzhuang, which is almost equivalent to half a year's tax revenue of the imperial court. Wang's money bank is running well, and since adopting the operation mode of the later bank introduced by Zhao Ji, Wang's money bank has absorbed 370 million copper coins. This figure is an unbelievable number in the Great Song Dynasty, which has always been short of money. Fu Song really didn't blow it. The reason why so much money poured out at once was because of the money abolition order that had been circulating among the people.
The so-called abolition order is to abolish metal currency and use Jiaozi in general. No matter which class they were, they were afraid that the stored copper coins would not be used in the future, so they took out the copper coins and used them one after another. In addition, Wang's major money banks, not only do not charge money for depositing money, but also give Lizi money. If you deposit copper coins in Wang's bank, you don't have to do anything to make money, who will hide the money at home? Especially those wealthy landlords and wealthy families, the family has a collection of copper coins that do not know how many millions, and after putting them into the Wang family's money bank, there is so much money that they can't eat it in a few lifetimes.
Wang Anshi's name is also a reason, and the people believe in Wang Anshi. Thirty years of bearing the world's great names is not blowing. In addition to copper coins, gold and silver also continued to depreciate, and Wang's money bank acquired a large amount of gold and silver. It was in this situation that Wang's money village not only lent money to the imperial court, but also issued green seedling loans to ordinary people. The problem of the emptiness of the treasury and usury was thus solved.
Decree No. 2: Abolition of Money. The main contents are: prohibiting the use of metal currency, gold and silver are monopolized by the state, and Jiaozi is issued in a unified manner. Gold, silver and copper coins are recovered and exchanged within half a year, and after half a year, all those who store and use gold, silver and copper coins will have all their property confiscated and the whole family will be stabbed. Half a year later, the imperial court levied taxes, and only Jiaozi was levied.
Because the Wang family borrowed 30 million yuan from the imperial court, the treasury was filled with debts. In order to repay the Wang's bank, the imperial court added a new provision to the abolition order, except for the Wang's bank, it is not allowed to open a bank. Wang's Money Village was renamed as Shangmeng Cabinet Workshop. To some extent, this suppressed the prevailing usury.
Article 3: Repeal of redundancy orders. The main content is to reduce and merge prefectures and counties, streamline institutions, and eliminate redundant personnel. The name of the cabinet was changed back to the political affairs hall, Wen Yanbo served as the prime minister of the political affairs hall, Sima Guang and Wang Anshi served as the ruling ministers, and Feng Jing, Zhao Luan, Su Zhe, Zhang Duo, Wu Chong, Kumamoto, Wang Shao, Lü Gongshu, and Lü Jiawen respectively served as the ceremonial officials, the criminal sappers and military governors of the Qian Jiubu Shangshu. Su Shi served as the head of the Civilization Academy, Shen Kuo served as the head of the Tiangong Academy, Guo Kui served as the head of the Weiguo Academy, and Su Song served as the head of the Jishi Academy. The Nine Great Books and the Four Universities served as Counselors of the Political Affairs Hall. There is also an organization outside the imperial court, a business alliance composed of businessmen, and the shareholders unanimously elected Li Zhanma as the president of the business alliance, and the other four wealthy businessmen as vice presidents.
The other ministers of the court were delegated to the local government, and the administrative organs at the road level were formally established. Han Qi served as the political envoy of the Yongxing Military Road. In addition, according to Zhao Ji's 66 new military system, ten major military towns were set up in the Great Song Dynasty, with a total of 300,000 people, as border guards. Ten regiments and towns were set up, with a total of 100,000 people, as the joint defense force. Six battalions and towns, with a total of 10,000 people, were set up as coastal defense forces. Changed the guard squad to the Iron Guard, 3,000 people, for the Iron Guard. The forbidden army was changed to the Dragon Guard Army, stationed in Bianjing, with 150,000 people. The original army was all dismantled and reorganized, and the total strength of the Great Song Dynasty was maintained at 600,000.
The Great Song Dynasty had 800,000 forbidden troops and 400,000 box troops, a total of 1.2 million people. There are more than 230,000 incumbent officials and more than 160,000 inactive officials, totaling 400,000 people. As soon as the redundancy order is issued, at least one million people will have to be reassigned.
Article 4 Decree: Decree on the Promotion of Commerce. The main content is to sell the state-owned monopoly salt, iron, wine, tea, mineral stations, etc., to businessmen by competitive bidding, and members of the business alliance are preferred. The ban on the possession of troops was completely abolished and civilians were allowed to purchase non-military weapons. This decree, which was given back to the merchants, was fiercely opposed by the ministers at first, but was finally adopted at the insistence of Wang Anshi and Sima Guang.
Article 5 Decree: Fang Tian Order. The main content is to re-measure the land, apportionment into the mu, and only levy two taxes. However, the two taxes are only levied on the child, and no longer on the in-kind. This decree is the most difficult to implement, and the wealthy who own large real estate will inevitably resist it strongly. In order to crack down on the possible resistance of these wealthy families and the dereliction of duty of local officials, and in order to complete the land measurement as soon as possible, in addition to the household department, the local joint defense forces also participated in the land measurement.
Despite everyone's grievances, they all understand that the New Law Resolution is the product of compromise. It's already the best to be able to do so. If you continue to fight, I'm afraid you will have to use the knife. Not to mention the use of knives, the official family will definitely be able to win if they have mastered an army of 160,000, but the final winner is definitely Western Xia and Northern Liao. Foreign enemies look around and cannot afford not to compromise.
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Chongzheng Palace.
"The New Law Resolution has been finalized, and the success of the law change depends on your strong support. However, I have said that this plan was confirmed after consolidating your opinions and obtaining your consent. Now, who still has an opinion? If not, it will be gradually rolled out from tomorrow. In the implementation, if anyone claims to oppose it, or if the yang is against the yin, don't blame my Qinglong knife for not having eyes. If the change fails, I and my soldiers will shatter the world. Don't forget how the famous family at the end of the Tang Dynasty died! Zhao Ji stood up, looked around at everyone, and let out cruel words.
The change was about to start, and Zhao Ji finally let out cruel words. In fact, Zhao Ji was very dissatisfied with this plan.
On the issue of the field. Zhao Ji wanted to confiscate the land of all landlords, divide the land among households throughout the country, and the retired and dismissed soldiers would receive double share of the land, and prohibit the sale and purchase of land ownership. All the minerals in the country were compensated to the landlords, and the peasants were converted into workers.
After Zhao Ji put forward this idea, there was a lot of opposition. Han Qi Fubi was the most opposed, they owned land across states and counties, and they also engaged in usury business activities. In this era, all kinds of handicrafts were not yet developed, and they turned from agriculture to work, and they did not want to die of old age. Even the five wealthy businessmen objected. This is because even the merchants own a lot of land.
On the issue of officials, Zhao Ji wanted to dismiss all redundant officials and redundant officials, directly deprive them of their fame, and remove them from their official posts. It is also an opposing voice, on the grounds that it chills the hearts of people who read all over the world.
In terms of customs, Zhao Ji must prohibit concubines, cut hair and tighten clothes, and men are not allowed to have long finger hair or beards. This proposal made everyone almost regard Zhao Ji as a barbarian. In the end, Zhao Ji had to keep silent.
On the issue of the monks, Zhao Ji wanted to force the monks who did not know the scriptures to return to the laity, confiscate all the land and property of the temples and Taoist temples, and stipulate that the monks and Taoists could only rely on the believers to give money to make a living. No one objected to this proposal, and even Wen Yanbo, who believed in Buddhism, did not squeak.
However, Wang Anshi said that if this is the case, he is afraid that those monks will incite the lower classes of people to rebel. Historically, there have been too many peasant uprisings in the name of religion. In the end, it was decided that the monks no longer had the right to be exempt from taxes, and the property they belonged to should also be taxed.
Despite everyone's grievances, they all understand that the New Law Resolution is the product of compromise. It's already the best to be able to do so. If you continue to fight, I'm afraid you will have to use the knife. Not to mention the use of knives, the official family will definitely be able to win if they have mastered an army of 160,000, but the final winner is definitely Western Xia and Northern Liao. Foreign enemies look around and cannot afford not to compromise.
"Shengshang, Dengzhou, Suzhou, Hangzhou, Quanzhou, Guangzhou, Qiongzhou, the issue of the unified jurisdiction of the city and the city must be implemented as soon as possible, the southeast monsoon will rise, and the returning merchants and the Yi merchants who come to China to trade will arrive at the end of July. The General Administration of Customs mentioned by the saint, the position of the three envoys of the General Administration of Customs is still vacant, and Weichen recommends Xue Xiang, Xue Yi, and Fan Chunren. Wang Anshi stood up and said, obviously to break the embarrassing situation caused by Zhao Ji's cruel words.
In winter, when the northwest monsoon is strong, sea vessels can go south along the "Silk Road"; In summer, when the southeast monsoon is strong, it returns from the South Seas. The navigators of the Song Dynasty summed up a lot of experience in predicting the weather, and on this basis, they designed a flat trapezoidal inclined sail and a zigzag sail adjustment method that can be adjusted according to the wind direction and wind strength, so as to ensure that the sea ship can move smoothly in all kinds of winds. The deep-water measurement technology of the Song Dynasty was also quite mature, and the water depth of more than 70 zhang could be measured by means of "hook bathymetry" and "iron knotted with ropes" to determine whether the water area where the ship was located could be anchored and berthed.
The Song Dynasty successively set up the "City Shipping Division" in Guangzhou, Quanzhou, Hangzhou, Mingzhou, Mizhou and other important port cities, which were responsible for extracting (extracting taxes), buying some imported goods, maintaining ports, issuing "public certificates" (trade licenses), prohibiting smuggling and other affairs, and the functions were equivalent to today's customs; In addition, in Xiuzhou, Wenzhou and other ports, a second-level organization "city shipping affairs" has been set up, and a third-level organization "city shipping field" has also been set up in some counties and towns. As long as maritime merchants register with these institutions and receive "public certificates", they can traffic commercial goods to sea.
What Zhao Ji wants to do is to push the maritime trade to the extreme, increase the export of handicraft products, promote the development of handicrafts, and also provide impetus for the development of the Huguang area.
However, the current national policy of the Song Dynasty seriously hindered the development of maritime trade. There are three factors: First, the government monopolies, whether it is imported or exported, must be purchased and sold through the government, and private trade is prohibited, which once led to the loss of coastal maritime merchants. Second, the port was opened too little, and only Guangzhou was opened, and merchants who traded in Hangzhou and Quanzhou had to be transferred to Guangzhou, which led to the weakening of Hangzhou and Quanzhou, and led to a sharp decline in trade volume. The third is the impact of tributary trade, most of the countries in the South Seas come to trade in the name of tribute, resulting in a decrease in the volume of mutual trade. If there is no mutual market, there will be no tax.
Xue Xiang was the initiator of Wang Anshi's implementation of the equalization method in history, and he was a good teacher and good at financial management. Xue Yi, the word is positive, a native of Putian, Fujian, and a martial champion. Fan Chunran, the word Yaofu, a native of Suzhou, the second son of Fan Zhongyan, Jinshi and the first, is not because of the shade of the official, fair and upright. These three are indeed a good match. This also takes into account the interests of all parties. Xue Xiang is Wang Anshi's person, Xue Yi is promoted by Zhao Ji, and Fan Chunran is a person from Han Qi's faction.
"These three people are indeed suitable, let them be the three envoys of Quanzhou Tiju City. This time, the envoy of the General Administration of Customs was personally led by me. The matter of changing the law will be handled by the cabinet. If there is a need to add a supplementary motion, all of you present at the present will attend or send someone to attend to discuss and make a resolution. Zhao Ji still didn't want to stay in the palace.
"Yes, it is better to raise the envoy of the General Administration of Customs or to the Holy Lord, and the plan proposed by the Holy Lord to develop the flow of the demand, I am afraid that it can only be presided over by the Holy Lord." Han Qi agreed.
Not only Han Qi agreed, but most of the ministers agreed, and they were all relieved. If this change is made by the official family and encounters a slight problem, I am afraid that it will be bloody. Eight hundred heads outside the city made the ministers frightened. It was a lynching by the master, and there was no explanation.
"This is the political envoy of the General Administration of Customs, and the Holy One is personally led. Who will be the inspector and the legal envoy? There are also candidates for the reorganization of the Maritime Inspection Department into the three envoys of the Coastal Defense Army? "Sima Guang doesn't want Zhao Ji to always go through the political hall and promote talents at will.
"The affairs of the General Administration of Customs are under my sole responsibility, and you can only assist in the future. The establishment of the four universities should also be implemented as soon as possible, and books on various subjects should be compiled as soon as possible. Mr. Junshi is now in power, teaching and educating people, and it is a major matter of the country. The new imperial examination system should also be laid out as soon as possible. Academies and schools at all levels must be established as soon as possible. "Zhao Ji is also very concerned about the cultivation of talents, and there are too few practical talents.
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