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The fifth chapter of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the internal and external difficulties of Nikolayevich. ★ Aishang Novel Network (╰→dyzωw) is updated rapidly, and the novel is complete ★ to this point......

Such a theory of Alexander Gorchakov. It seems that it also happened to talk about the heart of Emperor Nikolayevich.

Alexander II understood. towards a mighty empire. The reason for today's tragic situation. The most fundamental reason for this. It's the backwardness of the empire. And the most fundamental reason for this backwardness. It was the backward serfdom that his empire still maintained. A vast modern empire. Juyao had a class of serfs who made up 90 percent of the country's population and were completely bound to the soil.

It is this backward system. The production efficiency of the empire is very low. Moreover, it hindered the rapid development of the capital market, which was based on free wage labor. How many far-sighted Russian heroes in the past. Including the first life of the other. Also including Catherine II. Although they are also more or less aware of the severity of this problem. But without exception, they didn't dare to open this Pandora's box.

Since the Russian-Turkish War. Because of this extremely backward system. Not only the serf rebellion in the empire grew stronger and stronger year by year. One by one, people of insight from all sides also issued an angry cry that could no longer be tolerated. Especially those who like to dance and write with culture. It was even more like enlightenment from the wave of the Great Revolution in his neighbor China. Began to peddle the rhetoric of so-called "liberal democracy" everywhere.

The Moscow political commentator Mairegonov wrote in his commentary: "We need freedom. Freely! Only freedom is what we pray. ”

The jurist Chicherin openly advocated the abolition of serfdom at the end of the empire. Freedom of belief, speech and publication is exercised. Reform of the judiciary. To truly realize a new Russia that is everywhere full of democracy.

And that with Hull (the Russian philosopher) who was expelled from the country by his father because of his intellectual danger to the Hài Empire. writers) together. Ogarev, who founded the Russian Voice of Freedom printing house in London and published the magazine "Bells". They even vigorously peddled in their magazines the program of the so-called "new all-Russian institutions" that they had drawn up. Demand the immediate abolition of the privileges of serfdom enjoyed by the Lord and the State over the person and the soil. The land was distributed to the peasants free of charge.

Other well-known people such as Chernyshevsky and Dobrolyubov and many others. Not to be outdone, it is also not to be outdone. Even the ones who appeared to be more unambiguous than Hel Ogarlev came. Modern Man magazine. Almost every day, their scathing rhetoric was published to deceive people by denouncing serfdom.

These are the tosses of the literati who can drown the empire with spit. And not the most disturbing thing for him Nikolayevich. The most disturbing thing was that high-ranking officials of individual governments also began to express great dissatisfaction with the tsarist government. The empire had just suffered a crushing defeat in the Russo-Turkish War. The governor of Courland, Luvaev. He openly denounced the imperial government's historical deception of the people. and the "bureaucratic style" that rages in the government. And wrapped up with liberals. Crazy shouting, "Wisdom needs self!" ”。 And recently. The governor of Courland gathered a group of like-minded Fang officials to write to him. They went so far as to state their so-called "no liberal democracy, no empire".

Apparently. Reform is necessary and is the trend of the times. Even if it is only a delay in reform. The problems of the empire will be a step stricter.

Nikolaevich knew. History has put the burden of imperial reform. Irrevocably placed on the shoulders of Alexander II. And he has to carry this heavy burden without shirking.

For the development and strength of the empire. It must be changed that in this kind of farming is not a profession. Rather, it was only a backward serfdom with a hereditary identity. The reason why Nikolaevich decided to do it now. It is he from the present chaotic form shì1. He was wise enough to see a big problem that he could not help but face, that is, the current development of anti-slavery in the country, although there was a tendency towards the abolition of serfdom in a violent revolutionary style, as some had hoped.

But. At the same time, he also made a sharp judgment. Despite the storms of peasant revolts that took place in the empire, there were still many people who feared that the world would not be chaotic. These movements and shouts. But for a time it was difficult to set off a real revolutionary hurricane that could lead to the death of the empire.

Of course. At this point. He really wanted to thank his empire for the kind of backward feudal serfdom that had been in it for so long. It is this fall, the domination. The ignorant peasants who grew up on this area. While enduring the oppression of serfdom and the shackles of feudal ideology for a long time. Naturally, there is an extremely stubborn and strong idea of imperialism. Although they can often start a struggle against your lord and the officials. But not only did they absolutely not shout slogans to bring down or oppose him, the tsar, let alone actions. They even cried and shouted to support and worship him, the "Holy and Good Tsar", because he was the true human God in the eyes of the peasants.

Thereupon. In order not to call yourself this

Too many of them are turning to the opposite side of the empire. Alexander II, who had already decided to perform a major operation on the imperial system from the day of his solid succession to the Tsar's throne. At the beginning of the previous year. A "Secret Committee on Agriculture and Affairs" was established. Preparatory measures for reform have begun.

Nikolayevich began to summon all the lords of the country, who were both nobles and lords, and who played a pivotal role in his reform. I talked with them and never tired of telling them the importance and necessity of reforming our country. persuade them to work with him to complete a major reform that is "solved from the face". This is much better than being forced to "solve it from below" in the future

However. Gradually, even Nikolayevich himself felt that there was something wrong with this. As a result of the people who participated in the reform committee. Most of them are lords of great nobility. Where can they really be enthusiastic about his reforms? Hence the formation of the committee. The slightest real problem was not solved.

Thereupon. At the end of the year before. Nikolayevich issued an edict to the governors of Vilna and other provinces. The three provinces, including Liwan, were allowed to set up a provincial clan committee each. According to the ownership of all the land of the Lord of Protection. Lord of the Lords has the right of sheer lords. It is a principle to ensure the proper payment of national taxes, monetary taxes, etc. in full. to properly adjust the relationship between the peasants and the masters.

Nikolayevich issued this edict. In fact, it was a preliminary reform program of his imperial government. It's just that. In this program. St. Ming Nikolayevich in addition to the ability to make the peasants to some personal freedom. He will not give anything real to his empire and the peasants.

As soon as this edict was published. The provinces are basically resolute. According to the supreme instructions of the edict. Provincial noble councils were successively formed in this case. Entering the beginning of last year. His "Secret Committee on Peasant Affairs" also began to be made public. It was officially reorganized into the "General Committee for Peasant Affairs". He was tasked with guiding and supervising the preparations for this great reform.

Of course. These so-called committees. Without exception, they are still composed of the lords of the great nobility. So. Nikolayevich's grand cause of perestroika. There will still be no real new development.

Nevertheless. But the establishment of the provincial noble council and the edict of the public. However, the great debate on whether serfdom should continue in the end has become more public. It's also more intense. Different social strata of the political zhì group. The attitude and response of the edict to the reform and the proposed reform plan are also very different.

In Nikolayevich's empire. The aristocratic class is dominated by only 10 out of 10 percent. But they owned thirty percent of the serfs. In the past, they not only enjoyed the high-ranking officials given by the empire. It also has the privilege of breeding. However. These guys can be valued together. but they did not want to suffer with him. At a time when he, the tsar, needed their help the most. They all became staunch supporters and powerful pillars of that backward serfdom. They are resolutely opposed to any form of reform.

The publication of the Tsar's Edict. Not only did it cause great dissatisfaction among the lords of these great nobles. These guys were still under the leadership of Count Suvorov of the Council of Nobles of the Castle of Nabedi. Blatantly contrary to the supreme directives of him, the tsar

And the lords of the nobility who have been capitalized and their representatives. The so-called "liberals". Although there have been some nonsensical criticisms of backward slavery before. But when it came to this. They turned around and became accomplices of the serf owners again. They were equally unwilling to overthrow this serfdom at its roots. Instead, they hope to use the peaceful section to carry out some so-called reforms that are conducive to their own development.

Although in the midst of these liberals. Quite a few people warmly welcomed Nikolayevich's edict. He also strongly praised this as a great edict that opened up a new era in history. It is a great product of the noble self-sacrificing spirit of the aristocracy. But there are still people who make a lot of nonsense. Even the famous liberal Kaverin, whom even Nikolaevich had heard, even said so. "Reform of a revolutionary nature is not necessary. It also doesn't work at all. What we need is improvement. We can use it for 500 years. We should open up a step-by-step road to the abolition of serfdom from top to bottom. so that the empire will prosper smoothly......"

The lords of the great nobles were against it. The factions were insincere. The people who are really looking forward to the eventual realization of this great change. The same great disappointment was given to their tsar. And the peasants' edict to him, the tsar. It was a more violent riot in response.

Nikolavich who is trapped internally and externally. It came to such a step. I can only nod my head in recognition of the Sino-Russian border survey treaty, which symbolizes shame. If you go outside, you must first settle inside. He wanted the head to free his hands. Radical refurbishment of his empire. And then ......

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