"The performance of cotton gunpowder is not very stable and needs to be improved, but it will not take long. As long as the problem of gunpowder is solved, then the Holy Army, all bows, crossbows, swords, and shields, can be replaced with guns. You don't need to be good at martial arts to use guns, but you need to have a certain amount of knowledge, and as long as the soldiers are from patriotic schools, then it's not a problem. Tong Wenjiang then explained.

Zhao Ji didn't know what to say, and was trying to recall the knowledge of weapons in later generations. However, Zhao Ji graduated from the Department of History in his later life, and he didn't know much about science and engineering. However, the knowledge of weapons science in the 21 st century is fundamentally incompatible with this era.

For example, during the American Civil War, they used a breech-loading full-loading firing pin rifled rifle, also known as the Sharps rifle, which was made of wrought iron with a barrel, loaded with black powder, and fired rifled rotating bullets, and had a maximum range of 800 yards and an effective range of 500 yards. And in the 21st century, without seamless steel pipes, there is simply no way to make firearms.

Before the First World War, hot weapons and guns did not have an absolute advantage over cold weapons bows and crossbows, and most of the time, bows and crossbows had a longer range and higher accuracy than muskets. However, the advantage of hot weapons is that they are much cheaper. Before World War I, large-scale battles in Europe were uncommon, and small fights of tens of thousands of people were also called big wars, in addition to the problem of food, but also because it was much more expensive to raise a large army with cold weapons.

In the fifth year of Xining, the government hall made a million muskets to equip ordinary people at one time, and then quickly pacified the southwest, and the root cause was that the cost of assault muskets was much cheaper. To build a bow and crossbow, it takes at least three years from the selection of materials to the manufacture, and I don't know how much manpower it will take.

Champa rice is a high-yield crop, and his introduction may be the root of the wealth of the Song Dynasty, and the high-yield crops brought about an agricultural revolution. The development of steel filling and cast iron technology in the Song Dynasty provided cheap agricultural tools for deep ploughing. The increase in iron production brought about a series of chain reactions, including the development of the Huguang region, the rise of the Jin Kingdom and the rise of Mongolia.

The rise of the Mongols, and the unification of China by the Yuan Dynasty, were in fact a stage of China's transition from the era of north-south expansion to the era of overseas expansion. The Nanjing and Beijing regions are the two major economic centers of China, with geographical advantages of controlling the south and the north, and the north and northeast respectively. Under the premise that the Song Dynasty lost the north, the Yuan Dynasty unified China, and then expanded abroad was the general trend of history. It is general to expand to the Han and Tang Dynasties.

There is a very absurd thesis in later generations, that is, the Chinese civilization has never been advanced, and the technology "Western" has always been very popular. In addition to the technology that will be brought to future generations, many time-traveling novels will also introduce the technology of Western countries, especially those of ancient Rome and ancient Greece. A ridiculous conclusion is that ancient China did not produce science.

However, in fact? The Song Dynasty lacked nothing, and a "Mengxi Pen Talk" has proved the innovative ability of the ancient Chinese. It's just that many technologies have not been put into large-scale production applications. However, this is not a reason, because a technology, from invention to large-scale application, generally takes hundreds or even hundreds of years. The same is true of the Western world.

The progress of the times is achieved on the basis of the development of the productive forces, and the development of the productive forces is realized on the basis of the expansion of the geographical production environment. Geographical production environment, simply put, is resources, natural resources that can create social wealth through productivity.

In order to expand externally, there must be a strong central power and a unified country, which is the root of the Yuan Dynasty's unification of China. It was from this time that China entered the modern era. However, with the change of dynasty from the Song Dynasty to the Yuan Dynasty, there were too many things lost. What really affected China's continued progress was the change of dynasty, not just the Yuan Dynasty replacing the Song Dynasty, but almost every change of dynasty, the Song Dynasty replaced the Tang Dynasty, and there were many things lost.

If it is said that ancient China was not technologically advanced and civilization was not advanced, why were there three large-scale westward expeditions and expansions in the Han, Tang and Yuan dynasties? However, before the Ming Dynasty, China was always ahead of the world. In terms of process technology, it is still an exporting country, and there is no such thing as "speaking from the West".

What Zhao saw was that the level of productivity in the Song Dynasty had reached the point where it triggered the Industrial Revolution. However, what he couldn't figure out was, why did the Song Dynasty fall? Why did the Yuan Dynasty conquer two-thirds of the known world, and the Chinese civilization was still going backwards, apart from the change of dynasty, which was also a common factor experienced by the Han and Tang dynasties, what is the root cause?

Now that Nanjing has been identified as the capital of the Great Song Dynasty, and a plan to rule the world for ten years has been implemented around Nanjing, Nanjing's power will definitely be able to surpass Beijing, and the unification of China through the Great Song Dynasty instead of the Mongols will inevitably be realized. However, will Chinese civilization continue to weaken as it did in history?

The expansion of the Yuan Dynasty has been the world, resulting in little overseas expansion, and the Chinese civilization has not received much nourishment, resulting in the slow development of the Chinese civilization compared with the Western European civilization.

Is it just because of one American? Is it only because Western European civilization developed an America that it achieved rapid development and then led the world? Zhao Ji had a headache for this question. Because it is impossible to give up the unification of China, give up the destruction of Western Xia and Northern Liao, and focus on developing overseas. The concept of great unification has been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the Chinese world.

And the Americas are so far away, and the west coast of the Americas is also a problem, which, like the western part of China, is difficult to develop. Especially in the later generations, Western European countries expanded for several centuries, and the last remaining land was still the size of a palm, which made Zhao Ji dare not give up the unification of China and focus on overseas development. What Zhao Ji feared the most was that the result of development would be a huge empire divided like the later empire of Britain, and in the end China would only be left with a small area like the Great Song Dynasty, and Zhao Ji would become a sinner in history.

There are many contradictions, which give Zhao Ji a headache.

"Holy, holy." Tong Wenjiang screamed a few times before pulling Zhao Ji back from the memories of later generations.

"Do you know all these things?" Zhao Ji asked.

"There won't be much, after all, I was mining in Underground River City at that time, where did I know so much. After entering the civilization school, I read a lot of books and added my previous experience, and I slowly realized it. Tong Wenjiang is telling the story of the transformation from a craftsman to a scientist.

"Hmm. Don't slack off on your side, don't be in a hurry, I will negotiate with the government hall on the issues you mentioned. It's getting late, and I'm going back. Zhao Ji felt a terrible headache, I don't know if it was the sequelae of the crossing, and now I want to go back to the palace immediately and sleep well.

；；；；；；；； Shangjing, the political affairs hall.

"Jiefu, have you seen the official family?" Sima Guang asked.

"No, these days, the official family seems to be sick. Do you remember the second year of Xining, Zichen Palace? Wang Anshi replied.

"This, this." Although Sima Guang and Zhao Ji did not deal with each other, but at this time, Sima Guang didn't want Zhao Ji to have anything to do, once Zhao Ji had something to do and changed the emperor, then it would be another political situation.

Sometimes, the relationship of interests is really funny. The protagonist who was originally going to push Zhao Ji off the throne is now also concerned about Zhao Ji. Zhao Ji completely delegated power to the government hall and allowed the election of the four universities, which made Sima Guang feel at ease, and also made all the scholars and doctors feel the benefits of ruling the world together.

"Junshi rest assured, the imperial doctor said that the official family is just a migraine. Although the official family slept together for several days, but three meals a day, the official family did not eat less, so there should be nothing to do. Wang Anshi was also a little afraid that something would happen to Zhao Ji.

"Is there something stimulated by the official family?" Sima Guang asked.

"According to the Ministry Division, the official family has been to the Mo family's assault rifle research institute. It may have something to do with this. Wang Anshi guessed.

Wang Anshi's guess is right, at least in part. During his all-day trip, Zhao Ji saw too many things that exceeded his knowledge of the Song Dynasty, and once wondered if he had crossed into another world. The memories and cognitions of the afterlife are in serious conflict with the memories and cognitions of this life, which in turn leads to headaches. It's a headache that almost splits personality.

"The Mo family? There is no way to sanction the Mo family, the Mo family is not a Buddhist and Taoist family, and the four universities have absorbed many folk craftsmen according to the meaning of the saints, and they are all moving closer to the Mo family. Once the Mo family is powerful, the consequences are not conceivable. Sima Guang groaned.

"After all, the official family is still too young to know what the rise of the Mo family means. However, the official family is close to the ink. The establishment of the four universities shows the Mohist concept of the official family. The five concepts of the Mo family, such as love and non-attack, Shangxian Shangtong, Tianzhi Ming ghost, non-life and non-happiness, and thrift and funeral, can be seen in the official family. If you simply suppress the Mo family, I am afraid that you will be attacked by the official family. Junshi should not forget the sudden change in the personality of the official family in the second year of Xining. Wang Anshi said while reminiscing.

Mohist thoughts, maybe Zhao Ji only knows a little, but Sima Guang and Wang Anshi, as well as those knowledgeable Xiangguo in the political hall, know it very clearly. In particular, the political concept of the Mohists, in Shangxian's thoughts, the Mohists proposed: if you hear good but not good, you should tell it. What is above must be what is, and what is not above must be nothing. The same is the same but not the same. The meaning of this phrase is to advocate both a democratic electoral system, that is, the election of monarchs and officials through democratic elections, and a dictatorship by the monarch after democratic elections.

Such an ideological concept has a serious conflict with the current concept of the Son of Heaven and scholars in the Great Song Dynasty ruling the world together. If the rise of the Mohists is allowed to occur, then under this concept, it is likely to lead to a change of dynasty and the emergence of a dictatorship. What's more serious is that once there is a bottom-up election, then the local officials are likely to use the local elections to promote dictatorship with the help of so-called democracy, and then the Great Song Dynasty is likely to split.

The current four-university elections are not bottom-up. Because although most of the students of the four universities come from the low-level people and represent the interests of the people to a certain extent, their identities are equal to the officials of the Great Song Dynasty, and they also belong to scholars.

Fundamentally, Confucianism and Mohism represent two different political systems. Of course, Confucianism also has flaws, the biggest flaw is that it leads to the rigidity of the social structure, blocks the way for the lower classes of people to rise, and is easy to breed, which then leads to the collapse of the dynasty. However, according to Confucian political thought, a dynasty can maintain effective social order for at least a period of time after it is established. This is something that the political ideology of the Mohists cannot do. Confucianism is about the rigidity of the social structure, while Mohism is about the social structure changing too quickly to establish an effective social order.

"Jiefu, the thinking of the official family is not just as simple as the Mo family, judging from what the official family has done in the past few years, the thinking of the official family can basically be set as: respect Confucianism and the law, compatible with hundreds of schools." Sima Guang responded.

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